{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T10:31:01Z","timestamp":1771065061611,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783030522360","type":"print"},{"value":"9783030522377","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-52237-7_5","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,4]],"date-time":"2020-07-04T00:02:40Z","timestamp":1593820960000},"page":"55-66","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Detecting Off-Task Behavior from Student Dialogue in Game-Based Collaborative Learning"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Dan","family":"Carpenter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Emerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bradford W.","family":"Mott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Asmalina","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Krista D.","family":"Glazewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cindy E.","family":"Hmelo-Silver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"James C.","family":"Lester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"5_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.3102\/0034654318791584","volume":"88","author":"J Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen, J., Wang, M., Kirschner, P.A., Tsai, C.C.: The role of collaboration, computer use, learning environments, and supporting strategies in CSCL: a meta-analysis. Rev. Educ. Res. 88(6), 799\u2013843 (2018)","journal-title":"Rev. Educ. Res."},{"key":"5_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.edurev.2019.100284","volume":"28","author":"H Jeong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jeong, H., Hmelo-Silver, C.E., Jo, K.: Ten years of computer-supported collaborative learning: a meta-analysis of CSCL in STEM education during 2005\u20132014. Educ. Res. Rev. 28, 100284 (2019)","journal-title":"Educ. Res. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"5_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2003.07.001","volume":"41","author":"CE Hmelo-Silver","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hmelo-Silver, C.E.: Analyzing collaborative knowledge construction: multiple methods for integrated understanding. Comput. Educ. 41(4), 397\u2013420 (2003)","journal-title":"Comput. Educ."},{"issue":"2","key":"5_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1007\/s40593-016-0107-y","volume":"26","author":"CP Ros\u00e9","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ros\u00e9, C.P., Ferschke, O.: Technology support for discussion based learning: from computer supported collaborative learning to the future of massive open online courses. Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ. 26(2), 660\u2013678 (2016)","journal-title":"Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ."},{"key":"5_CR5","unstructured":"Jeong, H., Hmelo-Silver, C.E.: Technology supports in CSCL. In: The Future of Learning: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference of the Learning Sciences (ICLS 2012), vol. 1, pp. 339\u2013346 (2012)"},{"issue":"2","key":"5_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1080\/00461520.2016.1158654","volume":"51","author":"H Jeong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jeong, H., Hmelo-Silver, C.E.: Seven affordances of computer-supported collaborative learning: how to support collaborative learning? How can technologies help? Educ. Psychol. 51(2), 247\u2013265 (2016)","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"5_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1348\/000709905X42905","volume":"75","author":"N Saab","year":"2005","unstructured":"Saab, N., van Joolingen, W.R., van Hout-Wolters, B.H.: Communication in collaborative discovery learning. Br. J. Educ. Psychol. 75(4), 603\u2013621 (2005)","journal-title":"Br. J. Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"5_CR8","unstructured":"Rowe, J.R., McQuiggan, S.W., Robison, J.L., Lester, J.: Off-task behavior in narrative-centered learning environments. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, pp. 99\u2013106 (2009)"},{"key":"5_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baker, R.S., Corbett, A.T., Koedinger, K.R., Wagner, A.Z.: Off-task behavior in the cognitive tutor classroom: when students \u201cgame the system\u201d. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 383\u2013390 (2004)","DOI":"10.1145\/985692.985741"},{"issue":"8","key":"5_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1177\/0735633117744346","volume":"56","author":"V Beserra","year":"2019","unstructured":"Beserra, V., Nussbaum, M., Oteo, M.: On-task and off-task behavior in the classroom: a study on mathematics learning with educational video games. J. Educ. Comput. Res. 56(8), 1361\u20131383 (2019)","journal-title":"J. Educ. Comput. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"5_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2009.12.003","volume":"68","author":"RS Baker","year":"2010","unstructured":"Baker, R.S., D\u2019Mello, S.K., Rodrigo, M.M.T., Graesser, A.C.: Better to be frustrated than bored: the incidence, persistence, and impact of learners\u2019 cognitive\u2013affective states during interactions with three different computer-based learning environments. Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud. 68(4), 223\u2013241 (2010)","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud."},{"issue":"1","key":"5_CR12","first-page":"9","volume":"5","author":"JL Sabourin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sabourin, J.L., Rowe, J.P., Mott, B.W., Lester, J.C.: Considering alternate futures to classify off-task behavior as emotion self-regulation: a supervised learning approach. J. Educ. Data Min. 5(1), 9\u201338 (2013)","journal-title":"J. Educ. Data Min."},{"key":"5_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baker, R.S.: Modeling and understanding students\u2019 off-task behavior in intelligent tutoring systems. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1059\u20131068 (2007)","DOI":"10.1145\/1240624.1240785"},{"key":"5_CR14","unstructured":"Cocea, M., Hershkovitz, A., Baker, R.S.: The impact of off-task and gaming behaviors on learning: immediate or aggregate? In: Proceeding of the 2009 Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Learning Systems that Care: From Knowledge Representation to Affective Modelling, pp. 507\u2013514. IOS Press (2009)"},{"key":"5_CR15","unstructured":"Mikolov, T., Sutskever, I., Chen, K., Corrado, G.S., Dean, J.: Distributed representations of words and phrases and their compositionality. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 3111\u20133119 (2013)"},{"key":"5_CR16","unstructured":"Peters, M.E., et al.: Deep contextualized word representations (2018). arXiv preprint \n                    arXiv:1802.05365"},{"key":"5_CR17","unstructured":"Devlin, J., Chang, M.W., Lee, K., Toutanova, K.: Bert: pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding (2018). arXiv preprint \n                    arXiv:1810.04805"},{"key":"5_CR18","unstructured":"Louis, A., Higgins, D.: Off-topic essay detection using short prompt texts. In: Proceedings of the NAACL HLT 2010 Fifth Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications, Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 92\u201395 (2010)"},{"key":"5_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Persing, I., Ng, V.: Modeling prompt adherence in student essays. In: Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), pp. 1534\u20131543 (2014)","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/P14-1144"},{"key":"5_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rei, M.: Detecting off-topic responses to visual prompts. In: Proceedings of the 12th Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications, pp. 188\u2013197 (2017)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W17-5020"},{"issue":"1","key":"5_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1007\/s40593-013-0012-6","volume":"24","author":"D Adamson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Adamson, D., Dyke, G., Jang, H., Ros\u00e9, C.P.: Towards an agile approach to adapting dynamic collaboration support to student needs. Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ. 24(1), 92\u2013124 (2014)","journal-title":"Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ."},{"key":"5_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodriguez, F.J., Price, K.M., Boyer, K.E.: Exploring the pair programming process: characteristics of effective collaboration. In: Proceedings of the 2017 ACM SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education. ACM (2017)","DOI":"10.1145\/3017680.3017748"},{"issue":"3","key":"5_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1162\/089120100561737","volume":"26","author":"A Stolcke","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stolcke, A., et al.: Dialogue act modeling for automatic tagging and recognition of conversational speech. Comput. Linguist. 26(3), 339\u2013373 (2000)","journal-title":"Comput. Linguist."},{"issue":"3","key":"5_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2014.881392","volume":"24","author":"EM Mercier","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mercier, E.M., Higgins, S.E., Joyce-Gibbons, A.: The effects of room design on computer-supported collaborative learning in a multi-touch classroom. Interact. Learn. Environ. 24(3), 504\u2013522 (2016)","journal-title":"Interact. Learn. Environ."},{"key":"5_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sultan, M.A., Bethard, S., Sumner, T.: DLS@CU: sentence similarity from word alignment and semantic vector composition. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval 2015), pp. 148\u2013153 (2015)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/S15-2027"},{"key":"5_CR26","volume-title":"Natural Language Processing with Python","author":"S Bird","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bird, S., Loper, E., Klein, E.: Natural Language Processing with Python. O\u2019Reilly Media Inc., California (2009)"},{"key":"5_CR27","unstructured":"Niwattanakul, S., Singthongchai, J., Naenudorn, E., Wanapu, S.: Using of Jaccard coefficient for keywords similarity. In: Proceedings of the International Multiconference of Engineers and Computer Scientists, pp. 380\u2013384 (2013)"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Artificial Intelligence in Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-52237-7_5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,9]],"date-time":"2020-08-09T18:03:22Z","timestamp":1596996202000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-52237-7_5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"ISBN":["9783030522360","9783030522377"],"references-count":27,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-52237-7_5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 June 2020","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"AIED","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Ifrane","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Morocco","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2020","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"6 July 2020","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"10 July 2020","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"21","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"aied2020","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/aied2020.nees.com.br\/#\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Double-blind","order":1,"name":"type","label":"Type","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"EasyChair","order":2,"name":"conference_management_system","label":"Conference Management System","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"214","order":3,"name":"number_of_submissions_sent_for_review","label":"Number of Submissions Sent for Review","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"49","order":4,"name":"number_of_full_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Full Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"66","order":5,"name":"number_of_short_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Short Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"23% - The value is computed by the equation \"Number of Full Papers Accepted \/ Number of Submissions Sent for Review * 100\" and then rounded to a whole number.","order":6,"name":"acceptance_rate_of_full_papers","label":"Acceptance Rate of Full Papers","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3","order":7,"name":"average_number_of_reviews_per_paper","label":"Average Number of Reviews per Paper","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"4","order":8,"name":"average_number_of_papers_per_reviewer","label":"Average Number of Papers per Reviewer","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"No","order":9,"name":"external_reviewers_involved","label":"External Reviewers Involved","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"The conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic.","order":10,"name":"additional_info_on_review_process","label":"Additional Info on Review Process","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}