{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T16:42:22Z","timestamp":1779122542062,"version":"3.51.4"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":11,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783030522391","type":"print"},{"value":"9783030522407","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-52240-7_10","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,4]],"date-time":"2020-07-04T09:02:55Z","timestamp":1593853375000},"page":"54-58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["BERT and Prerequisite Based Ontology for Predicting Learner\u2019s Confusion in MOOCs Discussion Forums"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5509-7490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdessamad","family":"Chanaa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3467-2177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nour-Eddine","family":"El Faddouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"10_CR1","unstructured":"Adhikari, A., Ram, A., Tang, R., Lin, J.: DocBERT: BERT for document classification. arXiv preprint \narXiv:1904.08398\n\n (2019)"},{"key":"10_CR2","unstructured":"Agrawal, A., Venkatraman, J., Leonard, S., Paepcke, A.: YouEDU: addressing confusion in MOOC discussion forums by recommending instructional video clips (2015)"},{"key":"10_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-24750-0_4","volume-title":"Handbook on Ontologies","author":"G Antoniou","year":"2004","unstructured":"Antoniou, G., Van Harmelen, F.: Web ontology language: OWL. In: Staab, S., Studer, R. (eds.) Handbook on Ontologies, pp. 67\u201392. Springer, Heidelberg (2004). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-24750-0_4"},{"key":"10_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balakrishnan, V., Lloyd-Yemoh, E.: Stemming and lemmatization: a comparison of retrieval performances (2014)","DOI":"10.7763\/LNSE.2014.V2.134"},{"key":"10_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chanaa, A., El Faddouli, N.E.: Deep learning for a smart e-learning system. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Smart Digital Environment, pp. 197\u2013202 (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/CloudTech.2018.8713335"},{"key":"10_CR6","unstructured":"Devlin, J., Chang, M.W., Lee, K., Toutanova, K.: BERT: pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. arXiv preprint \narXiv:1810.04805\n\n (2018)"},{"key":"10_CR7","unstructured":"Jordan, K.: MOOC completion rates: the data (2015). \nhttp:\/\/www.katyjordan.com\/MOOCproject.html\n\n. Accessed 05 May 2020"},{"key":"10_CR8","unstructured":"Kingma, D.P., Ba, J.: Adam: a method for stochastic optimization. arXiv preprint \narXiv:1412.6980\n\n (2014)"},{"key":"10_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robinson, C., Yeomans, M., Reich, J., Hulleman, C., Gehlbach, H.: Forecasting student achievement in MOOCs with natural language processing. In: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge, pp. 383\u2013387 (2016)","DOI":"10.1145\/2883851.2883932"},{"key":"10_CR10","unstructured":"Vaswani, A., et al.: Attention is all you need. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 5998\u20136008 (2017)"},{"key":"10_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, D., Wen, M., Howley, I., Kraut, R., Rose, C.: Exploring the effect of confusion in discussion forums of Massive Open Online Courses. In: Proceedings of the Second (2015) ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale, pp. 121\u2013130 (2015)","DOI":"10.1145\/2724660.2724677"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Artificial Intelligence in Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-52240-7_10","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,4]],"date-time":"2020-07-04T11:06:09Z","timestamp":1593860769000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-52240-7_10"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"ISBN":["9783030522391","9783030522407"],"references-count":11,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-52240-7_10","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 June 2020","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"AIED","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Ifrane","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Morocco","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2020","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"6 July 2020","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"10 July 2020","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"21","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"aied2020","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/aied2020.nees.com.br\/#\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Double-blind","order":1,"name":"type","label":"Type","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"EasyChair","order":2,"name":"conference_management_system","label":"Conference Management System","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"214","order":3,"name":"number_of_submissions_sent_for_review","label":"Number of Submissions Sent for Review","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"49","order":4,"name":"number_of_full_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Full Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"66","order":5,"name":"number_of_short_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Short Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"23% - The value is computed by the equation \"Number of Full Papers Accepted \/ Number of Submissions Sent for Review * 100\" and then rounded to a whole number.","order":6,"name":"acceptance_rate_of_full_papers","label":"Acceptance Rate of Full Papers","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3","order":7,"name":"average_number_of_reviews_per_paper","label":"Average Number of Reviews per Paper","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"4","order":8,"name":"average_number_of_papers_per_reviewer","label":"Average Number of Papers per Reviewer","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"No","order":9,"name":"external_reviewers_involved","label":"External Reviewers Involved","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"The conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic.","order":10,"name":"additional_info_on_review_process","label":"Additional Info on Review Process","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}