{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T16:48:39Z","timestamp":1772038119216,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783030577162","type":"print"},{"value":"9783030577179","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-57717-9_1","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,6]],"date-time":"2020-09-06T23:02:41Z","timestamp":1599433361000},"page":"1-14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Exploring Artificial Jabbering for Automatic Text Comprehension Question Generation"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3141-712X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Steuer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5519-9959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Filighera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Rensing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"C","key":"1_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-7421(08)60269-8","volume":"9","author":"RC Anderson","year":"1975","unstructured":"Anderson, R.C., Biddle, W.B.: On asking people questions about what they are reading. Psychol. Learn. Motiv. Adv. Res. Theor. 9(C), 89\u2013132 (1975). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0079-7421(08)60269-8","journal-title":"Psychol. Learn. Motiv. Adv. Res. Theor."},{"key":"1_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2019.09.013","volume":"509","author":"R Campos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Campos, R., Mangaravite, V., Pasquali, A., Jorge, A., Nunes, C., Jatowt, A.: YAKE! keyword extraction from single documents using multiple local features. Inf. Sci. 509, 257\u2013289 (2020)","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"1_CR3","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-76941-7_80","volume-title":"Advances in Information Retrieval","author":"R Campos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Campos, R., Mangaravite, V., Pasquali, A., Jorge, A.M., Nunes, C., Jatowt, A.: YAKE! collection-independent automatic keyword extractor. In: Pasi, G., Piwowarski, B., Azzopardi, L., Hanbury, A. (eds.) ECIR 2018. LNCS, vol. 10772, pp. 806\u2013810. Springer, Cham (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-76941-7_80"},{"key":"1_CR4","unstructured":"Chen, X., Mitrovic, T., Mathews, M.: Do novices and advanced students benefit from erroneous examples differently. In: Proceedings of 24th International Conference on Computers in Education (2016)"},{"key":"1_CR5","unstructured":"Dong, L., et al.: Unified language model pre-training for natural language understanding and generation. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 13042\u201313054 (2019)"},{"key":"1_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Du, X., Shao, J., Cardie, C.: Learning to ask: neural question generation for reading comprehension. In: Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), vol. 8, pp. 1342\u20131352. Association for Computational Linguistics, Stroudsburg (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18653\/v1\/P17-1123. http:\/\/aclweb.org\/anthology\/P17-1123","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P17-1123"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1177\/0022057409189001-208","volume":"189","author":"NK Duke","year":"2009","unstructured":"Duke, N.K., Pearson, P.D.: Effective practices for developing reading comprehension. J. Educ. 189(1\u20132), 107\u2013122 (2009)","journal-title":"J. Educ."},{"key":"1_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, Y., Bing, L., Chen, W., Lyu, M.R., King, I.: Difficulty controllable generation of reading comprehension questions. In: Proceedings of the 28th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 4968\u20134974. AAAI Press (2019)","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2019\/690"},{"key":"1_CR9","unstructured":"Graesser, A., Rus, V., Cai, Z.: Question classification schemes. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Question Generation, pp. 10\u201317 (2008)"},{"issue":"6","key":"1_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2007.09.008","volume":"17","author":"CS Gro\u00dfe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gro\u00dfe, C.S., Renkl, A.: Finding and fixing errors in worked examples: can this foster learning outcomes? Learn. Instr. 17(6), 612\u2013634 (2007)","journal-title":"Learn. Instr."},{"key":"1_CR11","unstructured":"Heilman, M., Smith, N.A.: Good question! Statistical ranking for question generation. In: Human Language Technologies: The 2010 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 609\u2013617. Association for Computational Linguistics (2010)"},{"key":"1_CR12","unstructured":"Holtzman, A., Buys, J., Forbes, M., Choi, Y.: The curious case of neural text degeneration. arXiv preprint arXiv:1904.09751 (2019)"},{"key":"1_CR13","unstructured":"Ippolito, D., Duckworth, D., Callison-Burch, C., Eck, D.: Human and automatic detection of generated text. arXiv preprint arXiv:1911.00650 (2019)"},{"issue":"8","key":"1_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2923.2008.03122.x","volume":"42","author":"V Kopp","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kopp, V., Stark, R., Fischer, M.R.: Fostering diagnostic knowledge through computer-supported, case-based worked examples: effects of erroneous examples and feedback. Med. Educ. 42(8), 823\u2013829 (2008)","journal-title":"Med. Educ."},{"key":"1_CR15","unstructured":"Kurdi, G., Leo, J., Parsia, B., Sattler, U., Al-Emari, S.: A systematic review of automatic question generation for educational purposes. Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ. 30, 1\u201384 (2019)"},{"key":"1_CR16","unstructured":"Liao, Y., Wang, Y., Liu, Q., Jiang, X.: GPT-based generation for classical chinese poetry. arXiv preprint arXiv:1907.00151 (2019)"},{"issue":"2","key":"1_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.5087\/dad.2012.205","volume":"3","author":"M Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu, M., Calvo, R.A., Rus, V.: G-asks: an intelligent automatic question generation system for academic writing support. Dialogue Discourse 3(2), 101\u2013124 (2012)","journal-title":"Dialogue Discourse"},{"key":"1_CR18","first-page":"159","volume":"1","author":"P Mayring","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mayring, P.: Qualitative content analysis. A Companion Qual. Res. 1, 159\u2013176 (2004)","journal-title":"A Companion Qual. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"1_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.103.2.241","volume":"103","author":"S Ohlsson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ohlsson, S.: Learning from performance errors. Psychol. Rev. 103(2), 241 (1996)","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"1_CR20","unstructured":"Pan, L., Lei, W., Chua, T.S., Kan, M.Y.: Recent advances in neural question generation. arXiv preprint arXiv:1905.08949 (2019)"},{"key":"1_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qin, L., Bosselut, A., Holtzman, A., Bhagavatula, C., Clark, E., Choi, Y.: Counterfactual story reasoning and generation. arXiv preprint arXiv:1909.04076 (2019)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D19-1509"},{"key":"1_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qin, L., et al.: Conversing by reading: contentful neural conversation with on-demand machine reading. arXiv preprint arXiv:1906.02738 (2019)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P19-1539"},{"issue":"8","key":"1_CR23","first-page":"9","volume":"1","author":"A Radford","year":"2019","unstructured":"Radford, A., Wu, J., Child, R., Luan, D., Amodei, D., Sutskever, I.: Language models are unsupervised multitask learners. OpenAI Blog 1(8), 9 (2019)","journal-title":"OpenAI Blog"},{"key":"1_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2019.05.012","volume":"139","author":"JE Richey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Richey, J.E., et al.: More confusion and frustration, better learning: the impact of erroneous examples. Comput. Educ. 139, 173\u2013190 (2019)","journal-title":"Comput. Educ."},{"key":"1_CR25","unstructured":"Rouet, J.F., Vidal-Abarca, E.: Mining for meaning: cognitive effects of inserted questions in learning from scientific text. Psychol. Sci. Text Comprehension, pp. 417\u2013436 (2002)"},{"key":"1_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"See, A., Liu, P.J., Manning, C.D.: Get to the point: summarization with pointer-generator networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1704.04368 (2017)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P17-1099"},{"key":"1_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"See, A., Pappu, A., Saxena, R., Yerukola, A., Manning, C.D.: Do massively pretrained language models make better storytellers? In: Proceedings of the 23rd Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning (CoNLL), pp. 843\u2013861 (2019)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/K19-1079"},{"key":"1_CR28","unstructured":"Solaiman, I., et al.: Release strategies and the social impacts of language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:1908.09203 (2019)"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"1_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1504\/IJTEL.2012.051583","volume":"4","author":"D Tsovaltzi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tsovaltzi, D., McLaren, B.M., Melis, E., Meyer, A.K.: Erroneous examples: effects on learning fractions in a web-based setting. Int. J. Technol. Enhanced Learn. 4(3\u20134), 191\u2013230 (2012)","journal-title":"Int. J. Technol. Enhanced Learn."},{"key":"1_CR30","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-16020-2_24","volume-title":"Sustaining TEL: From Innovation to Learning and Practice","author":"D Tsovaltzi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tsovaltzi, D., Melis, E., McLaren, B.M., Meyer, A.-K., Dietrich, M., Goguadze, G.: Learning from erroneous examples: when and how do students benefit from them? In: Wolpers, M., Kirschner, P.A., Scheffel, M., Lindstaedt, S., Dimitrova, V. (eds.) EC-TEL 2010. LNCS, vol. 6383, pp. 357\u2013373. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-16020-2_24"},{"issue":"5","key":"1_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1037\/h0031633","volume":"62","author":"GH Watts","year":"1971","unstructured":"Watts, G.H., Anderson, R.C.: Effects of three types of inserted questions on learning from prose. J. Educ. Psychol. 62(5), 387 (1971)","journal-title":"J. Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"1_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Willis, A., Davis, G., Ruan, S., Manoharan, L., Landay, J., Brunskill, E.: Key phrase extraction for generating educational question-answer pairs. In: Proceedings of the 6th (2019) ACM Conference on Learning@ Scale, pp. 1\u201310 (2019)","DOI":"10.1145\/3330430.3333636"},{"key":"1_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, S., Bansal, M.: Addressing semantic drift in question generation for semi-supervised question answering. arXiv preprint arXiv:1909.06356 (2019)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D19-1253"},{"key":"1_CR34","unstructured":"Zhao, Y., Ni, X., Ding, Y., Ke, Q.: Paragraph-level neural question generation with maxout pointer and gated self-attention networks. In: EMNLP, pp. 3901\u20133910 (2018). http:\/\/aclweb.org\/anthology\/D18-1424"},{"key":"1_CR35","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-73618-1_56","volume-title":"Natural Language Processing and Chinese Computing","author":"Q Zhou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhou, Q., Yang, N., Wei, F., Tan, C., Bao, H., Zhou, M.: Neural question generation from text: a preliminary study. In: Huang, X., Jiang, J., Zhao, D., Feng, Y., Hong, Y. (eds.) NLPCC 2017. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 10619, pp. 662\u2013671. Springer, Cham (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-73618-1_56"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Addressing Global Challenges and Quality Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-57717-9_1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]],"date-time":"2020-12-17T12:28:57Z","timestamp":1608208137000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-57717-9_1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"ISBN":["9783030577162","9783030577179"],"references-count":35,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-57717-9_1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 September 2020","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"EC-TEL","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Heidelberg","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Germany","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2020","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"14 September 2020","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"18 September 2020","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"15","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"ectel2020","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"http:\/\/ectel2020.httc.de","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Double-blind","order":1,"name":"type","label":"Type","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"easychair","order":2,"name":"conference_management_system","label":"Conference Management System","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"91","order":3,"name":"number_of_submissions_sent_for_review","label":"Number of Submissions Sent for Review","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"24","order":4,"name":"number_of_full_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Full Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"0","order":5,"name":"number_of_short_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Short Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"26% - The value is computed by the equation \"Number of Full Papers Accepted \/ Number of Submissions Sent for Review * 100\" and then rounded to a whole number.","order":6,"name":"acceptance_rate_of_full_papers","label":"Acceptance Rate of Full Papers","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3+1","order":7,"name":"average_number_of_reviews_per_paper","label":"Average Number of Reviews per Paper","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"2","order":8,"name":"average_number_of_papers_per_reviewer","label":"Average Number of Papers per Reviewer","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"Yes","order":9,"name":"external_reviewers_involved","label":"External Reviewers Involved","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"Due to the Corona pandemic EC-TEL 2020 was held as an virtual event.","order":10,"name":"additional_info_on_review_process","label":"Additional Info on Review Process","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}}]}}