{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T12:00:37Z","timestamp":1790510437166,"version":"4.1.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783030589509","type":"print"},{"value":"9783030589516","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58951-6_29","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]],"date-time":"2020-09-11T09:07:40Z","timestamp":1599815260000},"page":"591-610","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["PGC: Decentralized Confidential Payment System with Auditability"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuecheng","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Man Ho","family":"Au","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"29_CR1","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-51280-4_23","volume-title":"Financial Cryptography and Data Security","author":"B B\u00fcnz","year":"2020","unstructured":"B\u00fcnz, B., Agrawal, S., Zamani, M., Boneh, D.: Zether: towards privacy in a smart contract world. In: Bonneau, J., Heninger, N. (eds.) FC 2020. LNCS, vol. 12059, pp. 423\u2013443. Springer, Cham (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-51280-4_23"},{"key":"29_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u00fcnz, B., Bootle, J., Boneh, D., Poelstra, A., Wuille, P., Maxwell, G.: Bulletproofs: short proofs for confidential transactions and more. In: 2018 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, SP 2018, pp. 315\u2013334 (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2018.00020"},{"key":"29_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biryukov, A., Khovratovich, D., Pustogarov, I.: Deanonymisation of clients in bitcoin P2P network. In: Proceedings of the 2014 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, CCS 2014, pp. 15\u201329 (2014)","DOI":"10.1145\/2660267.2660379"},{"key":"29_CR4","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-45472-5_31","volume-title":"Financial Cryptography and Data Security","author":"J Bonneau","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bonneau, J., Narayanan, A., Miller, A., Clark, J., Kroll, J.A., Felten, E.W.: Mixcoin: anonymity for bitcoin with accountable mixes. In: Christin, N., Safavi-Naini, R. (eds.) FC 2014. LNCS, vol. 8437, pp. 486\u2013504. Springer, Heidelberg (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-662-45472-5_31"},{"key":"29_CR5","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-69053-0_9","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology \u2014 EUROCRYPT \u201997","author":"R Cramer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cramer, R., Gennaro, R., Schoenmakers, B.: A secure and optimally efficient multi-authority election scheme. In: Fumy, W. (ed.) EUROCRYPT 1997. LNCS, vol. 1233, pp. 103\u2013118. Springer, Heidelberg (1997). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-69053-0_9"},{"key":"29_CR6","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Ma, X., Tang, C., Au, M.H.: PGC: pretty good confidential transaction system with auditability. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2019\/319 (2019). https:\/\/eprint.iacr.org\/2019\/319"},{"key":"29_CR7","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-48071-4_7","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology \u2014 CRYPTO\u2019 92","author":"D Chaum","year":"1993","unstructured":"Chaum, D., Pedersen, T.P.: Wallet databases with observers. In: Brickell, E.F. (ed.) CRYPTO 1992. LNCS, vol. 740, pp. 89\u2013105. Springer, Heidelberg (1993). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-48071-4_7"},{"key":"29_CR8","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10879-7_8","volume-title":"Security and Cryptography for Networks","author":"Yu Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen, Yu., Zhang, Z.: Publicly evaluable pseudorandom functions and their applications. In: Abdalla, M., De Prisco, R. (eds.) SCN 2014. LNCS, vol. 8642, pp. 115\u2013134. Springer, Cham (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-10879-7_8"},{"key":"29_CR9","unstructured":"Dash. https:\/\/www.dash.org"},{"key":"29_CR10","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-34578-5_23","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology \u2013 ASIACRYPT 2019","author":"P Fauzi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fauzi, P., Meiklejohn, S., Mercer, R., Orlandi, C.: Quisquis: a new design for anonymous cryptocurrencies. In: Galbraith, S.D., Moriai, S. (eds.) ASIACRYPT 2019. LNCS, vol. 11921, pp. 649\u2013678. Springer, Cham (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-34578-5_23"},{"key":"29_CR11","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-54970-4_5","volume-title":"Financial Cryptography and Data Security","author":"C Garman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Garman, C., Green, M., Miers, I.: Accountable privacy for decentralized anonymous payments. In: Grossklags, J., Preneel, B. (eds.) FC 2016. LNCS, vol. 9603, pp. 81\u201398. Springer, Heidelberg (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-662-54970-4_5"},{"key":"29_CR12","volume-title":"Foundations of Cryptography","author":"O Goldreich","year":"2006","unstructured":"Goldreich, O.: Foundations of Cryptography, vol. 1. Cambridge University Press, New York (2006)"},{"key":"29_CR13","unstructured":"Grin. https:\/\/grin-tech.org\/"},{"key":"29_CR14","unstructured":"libPGC. https:\/\/github.com\/yuchen1024\/libPGC"},{"key":"29_CR15","unstructured":"Maxwell, G.: Confidential transactions (2016). https:\/\/people.xiph.org\/~greg\/confidential_values.txt"},{"key":"29_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1515\/popets-2018-0015","volume":"2","author":"S Meiklejohn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Meiklejohn, S., Mercer, R.: M\u00f6bius: trustless tumbling for transaction privacy. PoPETs 2, 105\u2013121 (2018)","journal-title":"PoPETs"},{"key":"29_CR17","unstructured":"Nakamoto, S.: Bitcoin: a peer-to-peer electronic cash system (2008). https:\/\/bitcoin.org\/bitcoin.pdf"},{"key":"29_CR18","unstructured":"Noether, S.: Ring signature confidential transactions for monero (2015). https:\/\/eprint.iacr.org\/2015\/1098"},{"key":"29_CR19","unstructured":"Narula, N., Vasquez, W., Virza, M.: zkLedger: privacy-preserving auditing for distributed ledgers. In: 15th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation, NSDI 2018, pp. 65\u201380 (2018)"},{"key":"29_CR20","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-46766-1_9","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology \u2014 CRYPTO \u201991","author":"TP Pedersen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Pedersen, T.P.: Non-interactive and information-theoretic secure verifiable secret sharing. In: Feigenbaum, J. (ed.) CRYPTO 1991. LNCS, vol. 576, pp. 129\u2013140. Springer, Heidelberg (1992). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-46766-1_9"},{"key":"29_CR21","unstructured":"Poelstra, A.: Mimblewimble. https:\/\/download.wpsoftware.net\/bitcoin\/wizardry\/mimblewimble.pdf"},{"key":"29_CR22","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-25385-0_9","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology \u2013 ASIACRYPT 2011","author":"KG Paterson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Paterson, K.G., Schuldt, J.C.N., Stam, M., Thomson, S.: On the joint security of encryption and signature, revisited. In: Lee, D.H., Wang, X. (eds.) ASIACRYPT 2011. LNCS, vol. 7073, pp. 161\u2013178. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-25385-0_9"},{"key":"29_CR23","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-11212-1_20","volume-title":"Computer Security - ESORICS 2014","author":"T Ruffing","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ruffing, T., Moreno-Sanchez, P., Kate, A.: CoinShuffle: practical decentralized coin mixing for bitcoin. In: Kuty\u0142owski, M., Vaidya, J. (eds.) ESORICS 2014. LNCS, vol. 8713, pp. 345\u2013364. Springer, Cham (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-11212-1_20"},{"key":"29_CR24","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39884-1_2","volume-title":"Financial Cryptography and Data Security","author":"D Ron","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ron, D., Shamir, A.: Quantitative analysis of the full bitcoin transaction graph. In: Sadeghi, A.-R. (ed.) FC 2013. LNCS, vol. 7859, pp. 6\u201324. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-39884-1_2"},{"issue":"3","key":"29_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00196725","volume":"4","author":"CP Schnorr","year":"1991","unstructured":"Schnorr, C.P.: Efficient signature generation by smart cards. J. Cryptol. 4(3), 161\u2013174 (1991). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00196725","journal-title":"J. Cryptol."},{"key":"29_CR26","unstructured":"Wood, G.: Ethereum: a secure decentralized transaction ledger (2014). http:\/\/gavwood.com\/paper.pdf, https:\/\/www.ethereum.org\/"},{"key":"29_CR27","unstructured":"Zcash: privacy-protecting digital currency. https:\/\/z.cash\/"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Computer Security \u2013 ESORICS 2020"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-58951-6_29","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T22:04:15Z","timestamp":1757541855000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-58951-6_29"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"ISBN":["9783030589509","9783030589516"],"references-count":27,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-58951-6_29","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 September 2020","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"ESORICS","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"European Symposium on Research in Computer Security","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Guildford","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"United Kingdom","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2020","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"14 September 2020","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"18 September 2020","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"25","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"esorics2020","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"http:\/\/esorics2020.sccs.surrey.ac.uk\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Single-blind","order":1,"name":"type","label":"Type","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"EasyChair","order":2,"name":"conference_management_system","label":"Conference Management System","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"366","order":3,"name":"number_of_submissions_sent_for_review","label":"Number of Submissions Sent for Review","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"72","order":4,"name":"number_of_full_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Full Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"0","order":5,"name":"number_of_short_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Short Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"20% - The value is computed by the equation \"Number of Full Papers Accepted \/ Number of Submissions Sent for Review * 100\" and then rounded to a whole number.","order":6,"name":"acceptance_rate_of_full_papers","label":"Acceptance Rate of Full Papers","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3,16","order":7,"name":"average_number_of_reviews_per_paper","label":"Average Number of Reviews per Paper","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"9,1","order":8,"name":"average_number_of_papers_per_reviewer","label":"Average Number of Papers per Reviewer","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"Yes","order":9,"name":"external_reviewers_involved","label":"External Reviewers Involved","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"The conference was held virtually due to the COVID-10 pandemic.","order":10,"name":"additional_info_on_review_process","label":"Additional Info on Review Process","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}}]}}