{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T08:39:10Z","timestamp":1778056750379,"version":"3.51.4"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783030602581","type":"print"},{"value":"9783030602598","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-60259-8_20","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]],"date-time":"2020-10-15T10:04:33Z","timestamp":1602756273000},"page":"257-269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Learning to Answer Complex Questions with Evidence Graph"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Gao","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bohan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"20_CR1","unstructured":"Bao, J., Duan, N., Yan, Z., Zhou, M., Zhao, T.: Constraint-based question answering with knowledge graph. In: Proceedings of COLING 2016, the 26th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Technical Papers, pp. 2503\u20132514 (2016)"},{"key":"20_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bordes, A., Chopra, S., Weston, J.: Question answering with subgraph embeddings. arXiv preprint arXiv:1406.3676 (2014)","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/D14-1067"},{"key":"20_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2015.12.005","volume":"73","author":"A Bouziane","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bouziane, A., Bouchiha, D., Doumi, N., Malki, M.: Question answering systems: survey and trends. Procedia Comput. Sci. 73, 366\u2013375 (2015)","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"20_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, D., Fisch, A., Weston, J., Bordes, A.: Reading wikipedia to answer open-domain questions. arXiv preprint arXiv:1704.00051 (2017)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P17-1171"},{"issue":"3","key":"20_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s10115-017-1100-y","volume":"55","author":"D Diefenbach","year":"2017","unstructured":"Diefenbach, D., Lopez, V., Singh, K., Maret, P.: Core techniques of question answering systems over knowledge bases: a survey. Knowl. Inf. Syst. 55(3), 529\u2013569 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10115-017-1100-y","journal-title":"Knowl. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"20_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ding, B., Yu, J.X., Wang, S., Qin, L., Zhang, X., Lin, X.: Finding top-k min-cost connected trees in databases. In: 2007 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Data Engineering, pp. 836\u2013845. IEEE (2007)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE.2007.367929"},{"key":"20_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fader, A., Zettlemoyer, L., Etzioni, O.: Open question answering over curated and extracted knowledge bases. In: Proceedings of the 20th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, pp. 1156\u20131165. ACM (2014)","DOI":"10.1145\/2623330.2623677"},{"issue":"4","key":"20_CR8","first-page":"975","volume":"53","author":"P Gupta","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gupta, P., Gupta, V.: A survey of text question answering techniques. Int. J. Comput. Appl. 53(4), 975\u20138887 (2012)","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"20_CR9","unstructured":"Hermann, K.M., et al.: Teaching machines to read and comprehend. In: Advances in neural information processing systems, pp. 1693\u20131701 (2015)"},{"key":"20_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hewlett, D., et al.: Wikireading: A novel large-scale language understanding task over wikipedia. arXiv preprint arXiv:1608.03542 (2016)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P16-1145"},{"key":"20_CR11","unstructured":"Hoffart, J., et al.: Robust disambiguation of named entities in text. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp. 782\u2013792. Association for Computational Linguistics (2011)"},{"issue":"5","key":"20_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2017.2766634","volume":"30","author":"S Hu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hu, S., Zou, L., Yu, J.X., Wang, H., Zhao, D.: Answering natural language questions by subgraph matching over knowledge graphs. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 30(5), 824\u2013837 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng."},{"key":"20_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, Y.: Convolutional neural networks for sentence classification. arXiv preprint arXiv:1408.5882 (2014)","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/D14-1181"},{"key":"20_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, X., Pramanik, S., Saha Roy, R., Abujabal, A., Wang, Y., Weikum, G.: Answering complex questions by joining multi-document evidence with quasi knowledge graphs. In: Proceedings of the 42nd International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, pp. 105\u2013114. ACM (2019)","DOI":"10.1145\/3331184.3331252"},{"key":"20_CR15","unstructured":"Mausam, M.: Open information extraction systems and downstream applications. In: Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 4074\u20134077. AAAI Press (2016)"},{"key":"20_CR16","unstructured":"Thekumparampil, K.K., Wang, C., Oh, S., Li, L.J.: Attention-based graph neural network for semi-supervised learning. arXiv preprint arXiv:1803.03735 (2018)"},{"key":"20_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vilares, D., G\u00f3mez-Rodr\u00edguez, C.: Head-qa: A healthcare dataset for complex reasoning. arXiv preprint arXiv:1906.04701 (2019)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P19-1092"},{"key":"20_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, W., Yang, N., Wei, F., Chang, B., Zhou, M.: Gated self-matching networks for reading comprehension and question answering. In: Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), pp. 189\u2013198 (2017)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P17-1018"},{"key":"20_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weinberger, K., Dasgupta, A., Attenberg, J., Langford, J., Smola, A.: Feature hashing for large scale multitask learning. arXiv preprint arXiv:0902.2206 (2009)","DOI":"10.1145\/1553374.1553516"},{"key":"20_CR20","unstructured":"Xiao, Y., et al.: Dynamically fused graph network for multi-hop reasoning. arXiv preprint arXiv:1905.06933 (2019)"},{"key":"20_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yih, S.W.T., Chang, M.W., He, X., Gao, J.: Semantic parsing via staged query graph generation: question answering with knowledge base (2015)","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/P15-1128"},{"key":"20_CR22","unstructured":"Yu, A.W., et al.: Qanet: Combining local convolution with global self-attention for reading comprehension. arXiv preprint arXiv:1804.09541 (2018)"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Web and Big Data"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-60259-8_20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,24]],"date-time":"2021-04-24T11:45:46Z","timestamp":1619264746000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-60259-8_20"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"ISBN":["9783030602581","9783030602598"],"references-count":22,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-60259-8_20","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 October 2020","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"APWeb-WAIM","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Asia-Pacific Web (APWeb) and Web-Age Information Management (WAIM) Joint International Conference on Web and Big Data","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Tianjin","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"China","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2020","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"12 August 2020","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"14 August 2020","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"4","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"apwebwaim2020","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"http:\/\/www.tjudb.cn\/apwebwaim2020\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Double-blind","order":1,"name":"type","label":"Type","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"Microsoft CMT","order":2,"name":"conference_management_system","label":"Conference Management System","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"259","order":3,"name":"number_of_submissions_sent_for_review","label":"Number of Submissions Sent for Review","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"68","order":4,"name":"number_of_full_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Full Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"37","order":5,"name":"number_of_short_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Short Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"26% - The value is computed by the equation \"Number of Full Papers Accepted \/ Number of Submissions Sent for Review * 100\" and then rounded to a whole number.","order":6,"name":"acceptance_rate_of_full_papers","label":"Acceptance Rate of Full Papers","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3","order":7,"name":"average_number_of_reviews_per_paper","label":"Average Number of Reviews per Paper","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"4.6","order":8,"name":"average_number_of_papers_per_reviewer","label":"Average Number of Papers per Reviewer","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"No","order":9,"name":"external_reviewers_involved","label":"External Reviewers Involved","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"Due to the COVID-19 pandemic the conference was organized as a fully online conference.","order":10,"name":"additional_info_on_review_process","label":"Additional Info on Review Process","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}}]}}