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Social connectedness declines strongly in geographic distance and at country borders. Historical borders and unions\u2014such as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Czechoslovakia, and East\/West Germany\u2014shape present-day social connectedness over and above today\u2019s political boundaries and other controls. All else equal, social connectedness is stronger between regions with residents of similar ages and education levels, as well as between regions that share a language and religion. 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