{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T23:13:56Z","timestamp":1767827636850,"version":"3.49.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783030630850","type":"print"},{"value":"9783030630867","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-63086-7_17","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,11]],"date-time":"2020-12-11T08:07:25Z","timestamp":1607674045000},"page":"297-317","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["A Study of the Privacy of COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Haohuang","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingchuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Xuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ness","family":"Shroff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"17_CR1","unstructured":"60+ revealing statistics about smartphone usage in 2020. https:\/\/techjury.net\/blog\/smartphone-usage-statistics\/. Accessed 24 June 2020"},{"key":"17_CR2","unstructured":"Aarogyasetu$$\\_$$android. https:\/\/github.com\/nic-delhi\/AarogyaSetu_Android. Accessed 23 June 2020"},{"key":"17_CR3","unstructured":"Apktool. https:\/\/ibotpeaches.github.io\/Apktool\/. Accessed 23 June 2020"},{"key":"17_CR4","unstructured":"Bluetooth sig, inc. https:\/\/www.bluetooth.com\/"},{"key":"17_CR5","unstructured":"Bluetrace protocol. https:\/\/bluetrace.io. Accessed 23 June 2020"},{"key":"17_CR6","unstructured":"Covid-19 map. https:\/\/coronavirus.jhu.edu\/map.html. Accessed 6 Aug 2020"},{"key":"17_CR7","unstructured":"Covid-19 tracing apps now live in Germany, France, and Italy; U.K. rethinks its plans. https:\/\/venturebeat.com\/2020\/06\/19\/covid-19-tracing-apps-now-live-in-germany-france-and-italy-u-k-rethinks-its-plans\/. Accessed 24 June 2020"},{"key":"17_CR8","unstructured":"covid19-tracker-apps. https:\/\/github.com\/fs0c131y\/covid19-tracker-apps. Accessed 23 June 2020"},{"key":"17_CR9","unstructured":"erouska-android. https:\/\/github.com\/covid19cz\/erouska-android. Accessed 23 June 2020"},{"key":"17_CR10","unstructured":"Exposure notification - Bluetooth specification v1.1. https:\/\/www.blog.google\/documents\/62\/Exposure_Notification_-_Bluetooth_Specification_v1.1.pdf. Accessed 24 June 2020"},{"key":"17_CR11","unstructured":"A flood of coronavirus apps are tracking us. now it\u2019s time to keep track of them. https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2020\/05\/07\/1000961\/launching-mittr-covid-tracing-tracker. Accessed 23 June 2020"},{"key":"17_CR12","unstructured":"Ida pro - hex rays. https:\/\/www.hex-rays.com\/products\/ida\/. Accessed 23 June 2020"},{"key":"17_CR13","unstructured":"Instrumenting android apps with soot. https:\/\/github.com\/soot-oss\/soot\/wiki\/Instrumenting-Android-Apps-with-Soot. Accessed 23 June 2020"},{"key":"17_CR14","unstructured":"Nhsx. https:\/\/github.com\/nhsx. Accessed 23 June 2020"},{"key":"17_CR15","unstructured":"startadvertising($$\\_$$:) | ios developer documentation. https:\/\/developer.apple.com\/documentation\/corebluetooth\/cbperipheralmanager\/1393252-startadvertising. Accessed 23 June 2020"},{"key":"17_CR16","unstructured":"Bahrain, Kuwait and Norway contact tracing apps among most dangerous for privacy, June 2020. https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2020\/06\/bahrain-kuwait-norway-contact-tracing-apps-danger-for-privacy\/. Accessed 23 June 2020"},{"key":"17_CR17","unstructured":"Qatari contact-tracing app \u2018put 1m people\u2019s sensitive data at risk\u2019 (2020). https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/may\/27\/qatar-contact-tracing-app-1m-people-sensitive-data-at-risk-coronavirus-covid-19. Accessed 23 June 2020"},{"key":"17_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baumg\u00e4rtner, L., et al.: Mind the gap: security & privacy risks of contact tracing apps. arXiv preprint arXiv:2006.05914 (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/TrustCom50675.2020.00069"},{"key":"17_CR19","unstructured":"BBC: Coronavirus: Security flaws found in NHS contact-tracing app, May 2020. https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-52725810. Accessed 23 June 2020"},{"key":"17_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Celosia, G., Cunche, M.: Fingerprinting Bluetooth-low-energy devices based on the generic attribute profile. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International ACM Workshop on Security and Privacy for the Internet-of-Things, pp. 24\u201331 (2019)","DOI":"10.1145\/3338507.3358617"},{"key":"17_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, D., Shin, K.G., Jiang, Y., Kim, K.-H.: Locating and tracking BLE beacons with smartphones. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Emerging Networking Experiments and Technologies, pp. 263\u2013275 (2017)","DOI":"10.1145\/3143361.3143385"},{"key":"17_CR22","unstructured":"Cho, H., Ippolito, D., Yu, Y.W.: Contact tracing mobile apps for covid-19: privacy considerations and related trade-offs. arXiv preprint arXiv:2003.11511 (2020)"},{"key":"17_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Das, A.K., Pathak, P.H., Chuah, C.-N., Mohapatra, P.: Uncovering privacy leakage in BLE network traffic of wearable fitness trackers. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications, pp. 99\u2013104 (2016)","DOI":"10.1145\/2873587.2873594"},{"key":"17_CR24","unstructured":"Eames, K.T.D., Keeling, M.J.: Contact tracing and disease control. Proc. Roy. Soc. London Ser. B Biol. Sci. 270(1533), 2565\u20132571 (2003)"},{"key":"17_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeon, K.E., She, J., Soonsawad, P., Ng, P.C.: BLE beacons for internet of things applications: survey, challenges, and opportunities. IEEE Internet Things J. 5(2), 811\u2013828 (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2788449"},{"key":"17_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leith, D., Farrell, S.: Coronavirus contact tracing app privacy: what data is shared by the Singapore OpenTrace app? In: International Conference on Security and Privacy in Communication Networks (2020)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-63086-7_6"},{"key":"17_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leith, D., Farrell, S.: GAEN due diligence: verifying the Google\/Apple covid exposure notification API 2020. SCSS Tech Report (2020)","DOI":"10.14722\/coronadef.2021.23005"},{"key":"17_CR28","unstructured":"Li, J., Guo, X.: Covid-19 contact-tracing apps: a survey on the global deployment and challenges. arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.03599 (2020)"},{"key":"17_CR29","unstructured":"Lin, X.-Y., Ho, T.-W., Fang, C.-C., Yen, Z.-S., Yang, B.-J., Lai, F.: A mobile indoor positioning system based on iBeacon technology. In: 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), pp. 4970\u20134973. IEEE (2015)"},{"key":"17_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nan, Y., Yang, Z., Wang, X., Zhang, Y., Zhu, D., Yang, M.: Semantics-driven, learning-based privacy discovery in mobile apps. In: NDSS, Finding Clues for Your Secrets (2018)","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2018.23092"},{"key":"17_CR31","unstructured":"Reichert, L., Brack, S., Scheuermann, B.: Privacy-preserving contact tracing of covid-19 patients. IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive 2020:375 (2020)"},{"key":"17_CR32","unstructured":"Ryan, M.: Bluetooth: with low energy comes low security. In: Presented as Part of the 7th USENIX Workshop on Offensive Technologies (2013)"},{"key":"17_CR33","unstructured":"Simko, L., Calo, R., Roesner, F., Kohno, T.: Covid-19 contact tracing and privacy: studying opinion and preferences. arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.06056 (2020)"},{"key":"17_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, R., Wang, W., Xue, M., Tyson, G., Camtepe, S., Ranasinghe, D.: Vetting security and privacy of global covid-19 contact tracing applications (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE43902.2021.00101"},{"key":"17_CR35","unstructured":"Tang, Q.: Privacy-preserving contact tracing: current solutions and open questions. arXiv preprint arXiv:2004.06818 (2020)"},{"key":"17_CR36","unstructured":"Troncoso, C., et al.: Decentralized privacy-preserving proximity tracing. https:\/\/github.com\/DP3T\/documents. Accessed 23 June 2020"},{"key":"17_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Veale, M.: Analysis of the NHSX contact tracing app \u2018isle of wight\u2019 data protection impact assessment (2020)","DOI":"10.31228\/osf.io\/6fvgh"},{"key":"17_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1984.5010248","volume":"4","author":"M Weiser","year":"1984","unstructured":"Weiser, M.: Program slicing. IEEE Trans. Software Eng. 4, 352\u2013357 (1984)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Software Eng."},{"key":"17_CR39","unstructured":"Wen, H., Chen, Q.A., Lin, Z.:. Plug-N-Pwned: comprehensive vulnerability analysis of OBD-II dongles as a new over-the-air attack surface in automotive IoT. In: 29th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 20), Boston, MA, August 2020. USENIX Association (2020)"},{"key":"17_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wen, H., Zhao, Q., Chen, Q.A., Lin, Z.: Automated cross-platform reverse engineering of can bus commands from mobile apps. In: Proceedings of the 27th Annual Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS 2020), San Diego, CA, February 2020","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2020.24231"},{"key":"17_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Z., Yang, M.: LeakMiner: detect information leakage on android with static taint analysis. In: 2012 Third World Congress on Software Engineering, pp. 101\u2013104. IEEE (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/WCSE.2012.26"},{"key":"17_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Z., Yang, M., Zhang, Y., Gu, G., Ning, P., Wang, X.S.: Appintent: analyzing sensitive data transmission in android for privacy leakage detection. In: Proceedings of the 2013 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer & Communications Security, pp. 1043\u20131054 (2013)","DOI":"10.1145\/2508859.2516676"},{"key":"17_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, Q., Wen, H., Lin, Z., Xuan, D., Shroff, N.: On the accuracy of measured proximity of Bluetooth-based contact tracing apps. In: International Conference on Security and Privacy in Communication Networks (2020)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-63086-7_4"},{"key":"17_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, Q., Zuo, C., Pellegrino, G., Lin, Z.: Geo-locating drivers: a study of sensitive data leakage in ride-hailing services. In: Proceedings of the 26th Annual Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS 2019), San Diego, CA, February 2019","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2019.23052"},{"key":"17_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zuo, C., Wen, H., Lin, Z., Zhang, Y.: Automatic fingerprinting of vulnerable BLE IoT devices with static UUIDS from mobile apps. In: Proceedings of the 2019 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, pp. 1469\u20131483 (2019)","DOI":"10.1145\/3319535.3354240"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering","Security and Privacy in Communication Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-63086-7_17","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,4]],"date-time":"2022-12-04T04:55:25Z","timestamp":1670129725000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-63086-7_17"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"ISBN":["9783030630850","9783030630867"],"references-count":45,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-63086-7_17","relation":{},"ISSN":["1867-8211","1867-822X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1867-8211","type":"print"},{"value":"1867-822X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 December 2020","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"SecureComm","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Security and Privacy in Communication Systems","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Washington, WA","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"USA","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2020","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"21 October 2020","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"23 October 2020","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"16","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"securecomm2020","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/securecomm.eai-conferences.org\/2020\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Double-blind","order":1,"name":"type","label":"Type","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"Confy","order":2,"name":"conference_management_system","label":"Conference Management System","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"120","order":3,"name":"number_of_submissions_sent_for_review","label":"Number of Submissions Sent for Review","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"50","order":4,"name":"number_of_full_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Full Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"0","order":5,"name":"number_of_short_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Short Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"42% - The value is computed by the equation \"Number of Full Papers Accepted \/ Number of Submissions Sent for Review * 100\" and then rounded to a whole number.","order":6,"name":"acceptance_rate_of_full_papers","label":"Acceptance Rate of Full Papers","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"2,86","order":7,"name":"average_number_of_reviews_per_paper","label":"Average Number of Reviews per Paper","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"Yes","order":9,"name":"external_reviewers_involved","label":"External Reviewers Involved","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"The conference was held virtually due to COVID-19 pandemic.","order":10,"name":"additional_info_on_review_process","label":"Additional Info on Review Process","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}}]}}