{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T06:25:55Z","timestamp":1791440755366,"version":"4.3.3"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783030634520","type":"print"},{"value":"9783030634537","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":130,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Aneurysms of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) are uncommon. The complex anatomy of PICA and its intimate relationships with medulla, lower cranial nerves, and jugular tubercle makes the surgical treatment of these aneurysms fascinating. The reported is\u00a0study aimed at a critical review of the overall results of a personal series of PICA aneurysms,\u00a0treated by the senior author, R. Galzio. Demographics, charts, videos, outcome, and follow-up of a cohort of PICA aneurysms managed in the last 10\u00a0years were retrospectively analyzed, focusing only upon those treated with microneurosurgery. Twenty-five patients, harboring a single aneurysm, were operated on. Fifteen aneurysms were ruptured. Nineteen were proximal, all of these being been treated through a far-lateral approach. Trans-condylar or trans-tubercular variants were rarely necessary and however\u00a0reserved to peculiar cases. Twenty-three aneurysms underwent direct treatment consisting of clip ligation. At 6-month follow-up, 60% of patients had a modified Rankin Score (mRS) of 0\u20132. Given the high anatomical variability of both PICA and patients\u2019 bony anatomy, a case-by-case meticulous preoperative imaging evaluation is mandatory for the choice of the most suitable\u00a0and tailored surgical corridor which, in turn, is pivotal to achieve\u00a0the best outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-63453-7_5","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]],"date-time":"2021-06-02T18:11:31Z","timestamp":1622657491000},"page":"33-38","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Microneurosurgical Management of Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysms: Results of a Consecutive Series"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Mattia","family":"Del Maestro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabino","family":"Luzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renato","family":"Galzio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"5_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2015.01.017","volume":"83","author":"P Dolati","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dolati P, Ogilvy CS (2015) Treatment of posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms: microsurgery or endovascular? An enigma yet to be addressed! World Neurosurg 83(5):727\u2013729","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"5_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2015.03.034","volume":"84","author":"H Lehto","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lehto H, Niemela M, Kivisaari R, Laakso A, Jahromi BR, Hijazy F, Andrade-Barazarte H, Dashti R, Hernesniemi J (2015) Intracranial vertebral artery aneurysms: clinical features and outcome of 190 patients. World Neurosurg 84(2):380\u2013389","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"5_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.10.JNS141079","volume":"123","author":"RW Williamson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Williamson RW, Wilson DA, Abla AA, McDougall CG, Nakaji P, Albuquerque FC, Spetzler RF (2015) Clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes in patients with ruptured posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms: a comparative analysis. J Neurosurg 123:441\u2013445","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"5_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198202000-00004","volume":"10","author":"JR Lister","year":"1982","unstructured":"Lister JR, Rhoton AL Jr, Matsushima T, Peace DA (1982) Microsurgical anatomy of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. Neurosurgery 10:170\u2013199","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"5_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/978-4-431-68314-8_7","volume-title":"Advances in surgery for cerebral stroke","author":"JI Ausman","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ausman JI, Sadasivan B, Diaz FG, Malik GM, Dujovny M (1988) Surgical management of posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms. In: Advances in surgery for cerebral stroke. Springer, Tokyo, pp 57\u201361"},{"key":"5_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1953.10.5.0550","volume":"10","author":"HV Rizzoli","year":"1953","unstructured":"Rizzoli HV, Hayes GJ (1953) Congenital berry aneurysm of the posterior fossa. Case report with successful operative excision. J Neurosurg 10:550\u2013551","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"5_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-73739-3_16","volume":"129","author":"M Del Maestro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Del Maestro M, Luzzi S, Gallieni M, Trovarelli D, Giordano AV, Gallucci M, Ricci A, Galzio R (2018) Surgical treatment of arteriovenous malformations: role of preoperative staged embolization. Acta Neurochir Suppl 129:109\u2013113","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl"},{"key":"5_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.04.203","volume":"116","author":"S Luzzi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Luzzi S, Del Maestro M, Bongetta D, Zoia C, Giordano AV, Trovarelli D, Raysi Dehcordi S, Galzio RJ (2018) Onyx embolization before the surgical treatment of grade III spetzler-martin brain arteriovenous malformations: single-center experience and technical nuances. World Neurosurg 116:e340\u2013e353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.04.203","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"5_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-73739-3_4","volume":"129","author":"S Luzzi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Luzzi S, Gallieni M, Del Maestro M, Trovarelli D, Ricci A, Galzio R (2018) Giant and very large intracranial aneurysms: surgical strategies and special issues. Acta Neurochir Suppl 129:25\u201331","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl"},{"key":"5_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luzzi S, Del Maestro M, Elbabaa SK, Galzio R (2020) Letter to the Editor Regarding \u201cOne and Done: Multimodal Treatment of Pediatric Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations in a Single Anesthesia Event\u201d. World Neurosurg 134:660. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.09.166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.09.166"},{"key":"5_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luzzi S, Del Maestro M, Galzio R (2019) Letter to the Editor. Preoperative embolization of brain arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg:1-2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2019.6.JNS191541","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.6.JNS191541"},{"key":"5_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luzzi S, Gragnaniello C, Giotta Lucifero A, Del Maestro M, Galzio R (2020) Microneurosurgical management of giant intracranial aneurysms: Datasets of a twenty-year experience. Data Brief 33:106537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dib.2020.106537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2020.106537"},{"key":"5_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luzzi S, Gragnaniello C, Giotta Lucifero A, Marasco S, Elsawaf Y, Del Maestro M, Elbabaa SK, Galzio R (2020) Anterolateral approach for subaxial vertebral artery decompression in the treatment of rotational occlusion syndrome: results of a personal series and technical note. Neurol Res:1-16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01616412.2020.1831303","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.2020.1831303"},{"key":"5_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luzzi S, Gragnaniello C, Lucifero AG, Del Maestro M, Galzio R (2020) Surgical Management of Giant Intracranial Aneurysms: Overall Results of a Large Series. World Neurosurg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.08.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2020.106537"},{"key":"5_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luzzi S, Gragnaniello C, Marasco S, Lucifero AG, Del Maestro M, Bellantoni G, Galzio R (2020) Subaxial Vertebral Artery Rotational Occlusion Syndrome: An Overview of Clinical Aspects, Diagnostic Work-Up, and Surgical Management. Asian Spine J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31616\/asj.2020.0275","DOI":"10.31616\/asj.2020.0275"},{"key":"5_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Del Maestro M, Rampini Angela D, Mauramati S, Giotta Lucifero A, Bertino G, Occhini A, Benazzo M, Galzio R, Luzzi S (2020) Dye-Perfused Human Placenta for Vascular Microneurosurgery Training: Preparation Protocol and Validation Testing. World Neurosurg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.034"},{"key":"5_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1948.5.3.0312","volume":"5","author":"J Cruveilhier","year":"1948","unstructured":"Cruveilhier J (1948) Anatomie Pathologique de Corps Humain. Paris: JB Bailli\u00e8re, 1829-1835, Vol 2. Cited in Schwartz HG: Arterial aneurysm of the posterior fossa. J Neurosurg 5:312\u2013316","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"5_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2014.12.035","volume":"83","author":"BN Bohnstedt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bohnstedt BN, Ziemba-Davis M, Edwards G, Brom J, Payner TD, Leipzig TJ, Scott JA, DeNardo AJ, Palmer E, Cohen-Gadol AA (2015) Treatment and outcomes among 102 posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms: a comparison of endovascular and microsurgical clip ligation. World Neurosurg 83:784\u2013793","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"5_CR19","first-page":"1764","volume-title":"Neurological surgery","author":"SJ Peerless","year":"1990","unstructured":"Peerless SJ, Drake CG (1990) Management of aneurysms of the posterior circulation. In: Youmans JR (ed) Neurological surgery, vol 3, 4th edn. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, PA, pp 1764\u20131806","edition":"4"},{"key":"5_CR9500","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1983.58.3.0381","volume":"58","author":"RJ Hudgins","year":"1983","unstructured":"Hudgins RJ, Day AL, Quisling RG, Rhoton AL Jr, Sypert GW, Garcia-Bengochea F (1983) Aneurysms of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. A clinical and anatomical analysis. J Neurosurg 58:381\u2013387","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"5_CR9501","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2014.06.012","volume":"82","author":"H Lehto","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lehto H, Harati A, Niemela M, Dashti R, Laakso A, Elsharkawy A, Satopaa J, Billon-Grand R, Canato B, Kivisaari R, Hernesniemi J (2014) Distal posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms: clinical features and outcome of 80 patients. World Neurosurg 82:702\u2013713","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"5_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2002.97.4.0756","volume":"97","author":"SB Lewis","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lewis SB, Chang DJ, Peace DA, Lafrentz PJ, Day AL (2002) Distal posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms: clinical features and management. J Neurosurg 97(4):756\u2013766","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"5_CR21","first-page":"30","volume":"24","author":"GC Viswanathan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Viswanathan GC, Menon G, Nair S, Abraham M (2014) Posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms: operative strategies based on a surgical series of 27 patients. Turk Neurosurg 24(1):30\u201337","journal-title":"Turk Neurosurg"},{"key":"5_CR22","first-page":"495","volume":"39","author":"Fernet","year":"1864","unstructured":"Fernet (1864) Bull Soc Anat Paris 39:495","journal-title":"Bull Soc Anat Paris"},{"key":"5_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.4103\/sni.sni_50_17","volume":"8","author":"A Ricci","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ricci A, Di Vitantonio H, De Paulis D, Del Maestro M, Raysi SD, Murrone D, Luzzi S, Galzio RJ (2017) Cortical aneurysms of the middle cerebral artery: a review of the literature. Surg Neurol Int 8:117","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"key":"5_CR9502","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u00e1cs G, Vi\u00f1uela F, Fox AJ, Drake CG (1983) Peripheral aneurysms of the cerebellar arteries. Review of 16 cases. J Neurosurg 58:s63\u201368","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1983.58.1.0063"},{"key":"5_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Luzzi S, Elia A, Del Maestro M, Morotti A, Elbabaa SK, Cavallini A, Galzio R (2019) Indication, timing, and surgical treatment of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: systematic review and proposal of a management algorithm. World Neurosurg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.01.016"},{"key":"5_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2018.01.025","volume":"25","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Sun S, Xu Q, Feng W, Chen H (2018) Posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm: have you ever been misdiagnosed? Acad Radiol 25:1564\u20131567","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"5_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.38.suppl_93","volume":"38","author":"H Bertalanffy","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bertalanffy H, Sure U, Petermeyer M, Becker R, Gilsbach JM (1998) Management of aneurysms of the vertebral artery-posterior inferior cerebellar artery complex. Neurol Med Chir 38:93\u2013103","journal-title":"Neurol Med Chir"},{"issue":"1","key":"5_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000440730.59133.1f","volume":"55","author":"AL D\u2019Ambrosio","year":"2004","unstructured":"D\u2019Ambrosio AL, Kreiter KT, Bush CA, Sciacca RR, Mayer SA, Solomon RA, Connolly ES Jr (2004) Far lateral suboccipital approach for the treatment of proximal posteroinferior cerebellar artery aneurysms: surgical results and long-term outcome. Neurosurgery 55(1):39\u201350","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"5_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gallieni M, Del Maestro M, Luzzi S, Trovarelli D, Ricci A, Galzio R Endoscope-Assisted Microneurosurgery for Intracranial Aneurysms: Operative Technique, Reliability, and Feasibility Based on 14 Years of Personal Experience. Acta neurochirurgica Supplement 129:19\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-73739-3_3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-73739-3_3"},{"key":"5_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arnaout MM, Luzzi S, Galzio R, Aziz K (2019) Supraorbital keyhole approach: Pure endoscopic and endoscope-assisted perspective. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 189:105623. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.105623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.105623"}],"container-title":["Acta Neurochirurgica Supplement","Trends in Cerebrovascular Surgery and Interventions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-63453-7_5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]],"date-time":"2022-12-29T13:39:23Z","timestamp":1672321163000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-63453-7_5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"ISBN":["9783030634520","9783030634537"],"references-count":32,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-63453-7_5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0065-1419","2197-8395"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0065-1419","type":"print"},{"value":"2197-8395","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 May 2021","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Internal Advisory Board.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest Statement"}}]}}