{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T20:12:58Z","timestamp":1762459978199,"version":"3.40.3"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":92,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783030637606"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783030637613"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-63761-3_8","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T20:04:45Z","timestamp":1620677085000},"page":"119-147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["How COVID-19 Has Globalized: Unknown Origin, Rapid Transmission, and the Immune System Nourishment"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Amene","family":"Saghazadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nima","family":"Rezaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"8_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahanchian H, Moazzen N, Faroughi MSD, Khalighi N, Khoshkhui M, Aelami MH, Haghi NSM, Rezaei N (2020) COVID-19 in a child with primary specific antibody deficiency","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-28155\/v1"},{"key":"8_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmadi M, Saffarzadeh N, Habibi MA, Hajiesmaeili F, Rezaei N (2020) Colon cancer and SARS-CoV-2: impact of ACE2 expression in susceptibility to COVID-19. bioRxiv","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.06.11.146878"},{"issue":"1","key":"8_CR3","first-page":"36","volume":"38","author":"RH Amin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Amin RH, Frank RN, Kennedy A, Eliott D, Puklin JE, Abrams GW (1997) Vascular endothelial growth factor is present in glial cells of the retina and optic nerve of human subjects with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 38(1):36\u201347","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"8_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andersen KG, Rambaut A, Lipkin WI, Holmes EC, Garry RF (2020) The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2. ARTIC Network 17","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0820-9"},{"key":"8_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Babaha F, Rezaei N (2020) Primary immunodeficiency diseases in COVID-19 pandemic: a predisposing or protective factor? Am J Med Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjms.2020.07.027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2020.07.027"},{"key":"8_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bahrami A, Vafapour M, Moazzami B, Rezaei N (2020) Hyperinflammatory shock related to COVID-19 in a patient presenting with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: first case from Iran. J Paediatr Child Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpc.15048","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.15048"},{"key":"8_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Basiri A, Heidari A, Nadi MF, Fallahy MTP, Nezamabadi SS, Sedighi M, Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N (2020a) Microfluidic devices for detection of RNA viruses. Reviews in Medical Virology n\/a (n\/a):e2154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rmv.2154","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2154"},{"key":"8_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Basiri A, Pazhouhnia Z, Beheshtizadeh N, Hoseinpour M, Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N (2020b) Regenerative medicine in COVID-19 treatment: real opportunities and range of promises. Stem Cell Rev Rep:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12015-020-09994-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-020-09994-5"},{"key":"8_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonilla-Aldana DK, Cardona-Trujillo MC, Garc\u00eda-Barco A, Holguin-Rivera Y, Cortes-Bonilla I, Bedoya-Arias HA, Pati\u00f1o-Cadavid LJ, Paniz-Mondolfi A, Zambrano LI, Dhama K (2020) MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV infections in animals: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence studies","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202003.0103.v1"},{"issue":"2","key":"8_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2010.12.008","volume":"21","author":"IE Brodsky","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brodsky IE, Medzhitov R (2011) Pyroptosis: macrophage suicide exposes hidden invaders. Curr Biol 21(2):R72\u2013R75","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"8_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cai Y, Hao Z, Gao Y, Ping W, Wang Q, Peng S, Zhao B, Sun W, Zhu M, Li K (2020) Clinical characteristics of seven cases infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the perioperative period of lung resection: a retrospective study from a single thoracic Department in Wuhan, China","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3546042"},{"issue":"10223","key":"8_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30211-7","volume":"395","author":"N Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, Qiu Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Wei Y (2020a) Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet 395(10223):507\u2013513","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"8_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen X, Zhao B, Qu Y, Chen Y, Xiong J, Feng Y, Men D, Huang Q, Liu Y, Yang B (2020b) Detectable serum SARS-CoV-2 viral load (RNAaemia) is closely associated with drastically elevated interleukin 6 (IL-6) level in critically ill COVID-19 patients. medRxiv","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.02.29.20029520"},{"key":"8_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109818","volume":"142","author":"F Darbeheshti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Darbeheshti F, Rezaei N (2020) Genetic predisposition models to COVID-19 infection. Med Hypotheses 142:109818. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109818","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"8_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diao B, Wang C, Tan Y, Chen X, Liu Y, Ning L, Chen L, Li M, Liu Y, Wang G (2020) Reduction and Functional Exhaustion of T Cells in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). medRxiv","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.02.18.20024364"},{"issue":"7484","key":"8_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12940","volume":"505","author":"G Doitsh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Doitsh G, Galloway NLK, Geng X, Yang Z, Monroe KM, Zepeda O, Hunt PW, Hatano H, Sowinski S, Mu\u00f1oz-Arias I (2014) Cell death by pyroptosis drives CD4 T-cell depletion in HIV-1 infection. Nature 505(7484):509\u2013514","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"9","key":"8_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.11403","volume":"44","author":"N Fathi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fathi N, Rezaei N (2020) Lymphopenia in COVID-19: therapeutic opportunities. Cell Biol Int 44(9):1792\u20131797. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbin.11403","journal-title":"Cell Biol Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"8_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(03)00367-8","volume":"34","author":"TJ Franks","year":"2003","unstructured":"Franks TJ, Chong PY, Chui P, Galvin JR, Lourens RM, Reid AH, Selbs E, McEvoy CPL, Hayden CDL, Fukuoka J (2003) Lung pathology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): a study of 8 autopsy cases from Singapore. Hum Pathol 34(8):743\u2013748","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"8_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guan W-j, Ni Z-y, Hu Y, Liang W-h, Ou C-q, He J-x, Liu L, Shan H, Lei C-I, Hui DSC (2020) Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032"},{"key":"8_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hanaei S, Rezaei N (2020) COVID-19: developing from an outbreak to a pandemic. Arch Med Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arcmed.2020.04.021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2020.04.021"},{"issue":"10229","key":"8_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30727-3","volume":"395","author":"R Horton","year":"2020","unstructured":"Horton R (2020) Offline: COVID-19 and the NHS-\u201ca national scandal\u201d. Lancet 395(10229):1022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30727-3","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10223","key":"8_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","volume":"395","author":"C Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhang L, Fan G, Xu J, Gu X, Cheng Z, Yu T, Xia J, Wei Y, Wu W, Xie X, Yin W, Li H, Liu M, Xiao Y, Gao H, Guo L, Xie J, Wang G, Jiang R, Gao Z, Jin Q, Wang J, Cao B (2020) Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 395(10223):497\u2013506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"8_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jabbari P, Rezaei N (2020) With risk of reinfection, is COVID-19 here to stay? Disaster Med Public Health Prep:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/dmp.2020.274","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2020.274"},{"key":"8_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jabbari P, Jabbari F, Ebrahimi S, Rezaei N (2020) COVID-19: a chimera of two pandemics. Disaster Med Public Health Prep:1\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/dmp.2020.223","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2020.223"},{"key":"8_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jahanshahlu L, Rezaei N (2020a) Central nervous system involvement in COVID-19. Arch Med Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arcmed.2020.05.016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2020.05.016"},{"key":"8_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110337","volume":"129","author":"L Jahanshahlu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jahanshahlu L, Rezaei N (2020b) Monoclonal antibody as a potential anti-COVID-19. Biomed Pharmacother 129:110337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110337","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"8_CR31","unstructured":"Ji W, Wang W, Zhao X, Zai J, Li X (2020) Homologous recombination within the spike glycoprotein of the newly identified coronavirus may boost cross-species transmission from snake to human. J Med Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3390\/v11010039","volume":"11","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jiang Y, Li J, Teng Y, Sun H, Tian G, He L, Li P, Chen Y, Guo Y, Li J (2019) Complement receptor C5aR1 inhibition reduces pyroptosis in hDPP4-transgenic mice infected with MERS-CoV. Viruses 11(1):39","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"8_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang W, Zeng Z, Fan D, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Jiang W, Xie S, Xia H, Jiang Y-A, Liu X-A (2020) Decreased counts of T lymphocyte subsets predict prognosis in SARS-CoV-2-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A Retrospective Study (February 20, 2020)","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3542361"},{"issue":"2","key":"8_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.3161\/15081109ACC2017.19.2.001","volume":"19","author":"J Kacprzyk","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kacprzyk J, Hughes GM, Palsson-McDermott EM, Quinn SR, Puechmaille SJ, O\u2019Neill LAJ, Teeling EC (2017) A potent anti-inflammatory response in bat macrophages may be linked to extended longevity and viral tolerance. Acta Chiropterologica 19(2):219\u2013228","journal-title":"Acta Chiropterologica"},{"key":"8_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kafieh R, Arian R, Saeedizadeh N, Minaee S, Yadav SK, Vaezi A, Rezaei N, Javanmard SH (2020) COVID-19 in Iran: a deeper look into the future. medRxiv","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.04.24.20078477"},{"issue":"2","key":"8_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfl632","volume":"22","author":"S Keidar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Keidar S, Strizevsky A, Raz A, Gamliel-Lazarovich A (2007) ACE2 activity is increased in monocyte-derived macrophages from prehypertensive subjects. Nephrol Dial Transplant 22(2):597\u2013601","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"8_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kucharski AJ, Russell TW, Diamond C, Liu Y, Edmunds J, Funk S, Eggo RM, Sun F, Jit M, Munday JD (2020) Early dynamics of transmission and control of COVID-19: a mathematical modelling study. Lancet Infect Dis","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.01.31.20019901"},{"key":"8_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Legido-Quigley H, Mateos-Garc\u00eda JT, Campos VR, Gea-S\u00e1nchez M, Muntaner C, McKee M (2020) The resilience of the Spanish health system against the COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet Public Health","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30060-8"},{"issue":"5748","key":"8_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1118391","volume":"310","author":"W Li","year":"2005","unstructured":"Li W, Shi Z, Yu M, Ren W, Smith C, Epstein JH, Wang H, Crameri G, Hu Z, Zhang H (2005) Bats are natural reservoirs of SARS-like coronaviruses. Science 310(5748):676\u2013679","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"8_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li B, Feng F, Yang G, Liu A, Yang N, Jiang Q, Zhang H, Wang T, Li P, Mao Y (2020a) Immunoglobulin G\/M and cytokines detections in continuous sera from patients with novel coronaviruses (2019-nCoV) infection. Available at SSRN 3543609","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3543609"},{"key":"8_CR43","unstructured":"Li L, Li S, Xu M, Zheng S, Duan Z, Chen Y, Li J (2020b) The level of plasma C-reactive protein is closely related to the liver injury in patients with COVID-19. medRxiv"},{"key":"8_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liao M, Liu Y, Yuan J, Wen Y, Xu G, Zhao J, Chen L, Li J, Wang X, Wang F (2020) The landscape of lung bronchoalveolar immune cells in COVID-19 revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. medRxiv","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.02.23.20026690"},{"key":"8_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu J, Li S, Liu J, Liang B, Wang X, Li W, Wang H, Tong Q, Yi J, Zhao L (2020) Longitudinal characteristics of lymphocyte responses and cytokine profiles in the peripheral blood of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102763"},{"key":"8_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lotfi M, Rezaei N (2020) SARS-CoV-2: a comprehensive review from pathogenicity of the virus to clinical consequences. J Med Virol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.26123","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26123"},{"key":"8_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2020.05.044","volume":"508","author":"M Lotfi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lotfi M, Hamblin MR, Rezaei N (2020) COVID-19: transmission, prevention, and potential therapeutic opportunities. Clinica Chimica Acta 508:254\u2013266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2020.05.044","journal-title":"Clinica Chimica Acta"},{"key":"8_CR48","unstructured":"Luo W, Yu H, Gou J, Li X, Sun Y, Li J, Liu L (2020) Clinical pathology of critical patient with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19)"},{"key":"8_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118185","volume":"258","author":"AH Mansourabadi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mansourabadi AH, Sadeghalvad M, Mohammadi-Motlagh HR, Rezaei N (2020) The immune system as a target for therapy of SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review of the current immunotherapies for COVID-19. Life Sci 258:118185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118185","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"8_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3985","volume":"21","author":"VD Menachery","year":"2015","unstructured":"Menachery VD, Yount BL Jr, Debbink K, Agnihothram S, Gralinski LE, Plante JA, Graham RL, Scobey T, Ge X-Y, Donaldson EF (2015) A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence. Nat Med 21(12):1508","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"8_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mill\u00e1n-O\u00f1ate J, Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Camacho-Moreno G, Mendoza-Ram\u00edrez H, Rodr\u00edguez-Sabogal IA, \u00c1lvarez-Moreno C (2020) A new emerging zoonotic virus of concern: the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Infection 24(3)","DOI":"10.22354\/in.v24i3.848"},{"key":"8_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mirbeyk M, Rezaei N (2020) The impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy and neonatal health: a systematic review","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-25861\/v1"},{"key":"8_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104345","volume":"126","author":"B Moazzami","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moazzami B, Razavi-Khorasani N, Dooghaie Moghadam A, Farokhi E, Rezaei N (2020) COVID-19 and telemedicine: immediate action required for maintaining healthcare providers well-being. J Clin Virol 126:104345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104345","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"8_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mohamed K, Rodr\u00edguez-Rom\u00e1n E, Rahmani F, Zhang H, Ivanovska M, Makka SA, Joya M, Makuku R, Islam MS, Radwan N, Rahmah L, Goda R, Abarikwu SO, Shaw M, Zoghi S, Irtsyan S, Ling I, Cseprekal O, Faten AB, Hazar Sayar E, Soloukey C, Grancini G, Rezaei N (2020a) Borderless collaboration is needed for COVID-19-A disease that knows no borders. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol:1\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ice.2020.162","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2020.162"},{"key":"8_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohamed K, Yazdanpanah N, Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N (2020b) Computational drug discovery and repurposing for the treatment of Covid-19: a systematic review. Available at SSRN 3583748","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3583748"},{"issue":"6","key":"8_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0281","volume":"102","author":"S Momtazmanesh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Momtazmanesh S, Ochs HD, Uddin LQ, Perc M, Routes JM, Vieira DN, Al-Herz W, Baris S, Prando C, Rosivall L, Abdul Latiff AH, Ulrichs T, Roudenok V, Aldave Becerra JC, Salunke DB, Goudouris E, Condino-Neto A, Stashchak A, Kryvenko O, Stashchak M, Bondarenko A, Rezaei N (2020) All together to fight COVID-19. Am J Trop Med Hyg 102(6):1181\u20131183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0281","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"8_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02364-2","volume":"18","author":"N Moradian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moradian N, Ochs HD, Sedikies C, Hamblin MR, Camargo CA Jr, Martinez JA, Biamonte JD, Abdollahi M, Torres PJ, Nieto JJ, Ogino S, Seymour JF, Abraham A, Cauda V, Gupta S, Ramakrishna S, Sellke FW, Sorooshian A, Wallace Hayes A, Martinez-Urbistondo M, Gupta M, Azadbakht L, Esmaillzadeh A, Kelishadi R, Esteghamati A, Emam-Djomeh Z, Majdzadeh R, Palit P, Badali H, Rao I, Saboury AA, Jagan Mohan Rao L, Ahmadieh H, Montazeri A, Fadini GP, Pauly D, Thomas S, Moosavi-Movahed AA, Aghamohammadi A, Behmanesh M, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Ghavami S, Mehran R, Uddin LQ, Von Herrath M, Mobasher B, Rezaei N (2020) The urgent need for integrated science to fight COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. J Transl Med 18(1):205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-020-02364-2","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"8_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Munster V, Feldmann F, Williamson B, Van Doremalen N, Perez-Perez L, Schultz J, Meade-White K, Okumura A, Callison J, Brumbaugh B (2020) Respiratory disease and virus shedding in rhesus macaques inoculated with SARS-CoV-2. BioRxiv","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.03.21.001628"},{"key":"8_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nasab MG, Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N (2020) SARS-CoV-2-A tough opponent for the immune system. Arch Med Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arcmed.2020.05.020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2020.05.020"},{"issue":"9371","key":"8_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13413-7","volume":"361","author":"JM Nicholls","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nicholls JM, Poon LLM, Lee KC, Ng WF, Lai ST, Leung CY, Chu CM, Hui PK, Mak KL, Lim W (2003) Lung pathology of fatal severe acute respiratory syndrome. Lancet 361(9371):1773\u20131778","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"8_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pashaei M, Rezaei N (2020) Immunotherapy for SARS-CoV-2: potential opportunities. Expert Opin Biol Ther:1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14712598.2020.1807933","DOI":"10.1080\/14712598.2020.1807933"},{"key":"8_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pourahmad R, Moazzami B, Rezaei N (2020) Efficacy of plasmapheresis and immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IVIG) on patients with COVID-19. SN Comprehensive Clin Med:1\u20135","DOI":"10.1007\/s42399-020-00438-2"},{"key":"8_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109917","volume":"144","author":"N Rabiee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rabiee N, Rabiee M, Bagherzadeh M, Rezaei N (2020) COVID-19 and picotechnology: potential opportunities. Med Hypotheses 144:109917. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109917","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"8_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rezaei N (2020a) COVID-19 affects healthy pediatricians more than pediatric patients. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ice.2020.139","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2020.139"},{"issue":"3","key":"8_CR67","first-page":"139","volume":"12","author":"N Rezaei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rezaei N (2020b) COVID-19 and medical biotechnology. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 12(3):139","journal-title":"Avicenna J Med Biotechnol"},{"key":"8_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rokni M, Hamblin MR, Rezaei N (2020) Cytokines and COVID-19: friends or foes? Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics:1\u20133","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2020.1799669"},{"key":"8_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106711","volume":"86","author":"P Rzymski","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rzymski P, Nowicki M, Mullin GE, Abraham A, Rodr\u00edguez-Rom\u00e1n E, Petzold MB, Bendau A, Sahu KK, Ather A, Naviaux A-F (2020) Quantity does not equal quality: scientific principles cannot be sacrificed. Int Immunopharmacol 86:106711","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"8_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666x.2020.1750954","volume":"16","author":"A Saghazadeh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N (2020a) Immune-epidemiological parameters of the novel coronavirus - a perspective. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 16(5):465\u2013470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1744666x.2020.1750954","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol"},{"key":"8_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106560","volume":"84","author":"A Saghazadeh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N (2020b) Towards treatment planning of COVID-19: rationale and hypothesis for the use of multiple immunosuppressive agents: anti-antibodies, immunoglobulins, and corticosteroids. Int Immunopharmacol 84:106560. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106560","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"8_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sahu KK, Siddiqui AD, Rezaei N, Cerny J (2020) Challenges for management of immune thrombocytopenia during COVID-19 pandemic. J Med Virol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.26251","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26251"},{"issue":"4","key":"8_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2020-0026","volume":"31","author":"K Saleki","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saleki K, Banazadeh M, Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N (2020) The involvement of the central nervous system in patients with COVID-19. Rev Neurosci 31(4):453\u2013456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/revneuro-2020-0026","journal-title":"Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"8_CR74","unstructured":"Shamshirian D, Rezaei N (2020) Cardiovascular diseases burden in COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis"},{"key":"8_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173455","volume":"884","author":"S Sharifkashani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sharifkashani S, Bafrani MA, Khaboushan AS, Pirzadeh M, Kheirandish A, Yavarpour Bali H, Hessami A, Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N (2020) Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and SARS-CoV-2: potential therapeutic targeting. Eur J Pharmacol 884:173455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173455","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8_CR76","first-page":"1","volume":"5","author":"C-S Shi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shi C-S, Nabar NR, Huang N-N, Kehrl JH (2019) SARS-coronavirus open reading frame-8b triggers intracellular stress pathways and activates NLRP3 inflammasomes. Cell Death Dis 5(1):1\u201312","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"8_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-018-0343-9","volume":"6","author":"A Shimabukuro-Vornhagen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shimabukuro-Vornhagen A, G\u00f6del P, Subklewe M, Stemmler HJ, Schl\u00f6\u00dfer HA, Schlaak M, Kochanek M, B\u00f6ll B, von Bergwelt-Baildon MS (2018) Cytokine release syndrome. J Immunother Cancer 6(1):56\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40425-018-0343-9","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"8_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tian S, Hu W, Niu L, Liu H, Xu H, Xiao S-Y (2020) Pulmonary pathology of early phase 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia in two patients with lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202002.0220.v2"},{"key":"8_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"van Doremalen N, Bushmaker T, Morris DH, Holbrook MG, Gamble A, Williamson BN, Tamin A, Harcourt JL, Thornburg NJ, Gerber SI, Lloyd-Smith JO, de Wit E, Munster VJ (2020) Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with SARS-CoV-1. N Engl J Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMc2004973","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2004973"},{"issue":"13","key":"8_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.02.019","volume":"26","author":"LV Walle","year":"2016","unstructured":"Walle LV, Lamkanfi M (2016) Pyroptosis. Curr Biol 26(13):R568\u2013R572","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"8_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, Wang B, Xiang H, Cheng Z, Xiong Y (2020a) Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus\u2013infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. Jama","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1585"},{"key":"8_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang H, Luo S, Shen Y, Li M, Zhang Z, Dong Y, Zhou H, Lin L, Guo W, Kang Z (2020b) Multiple enzyme release, inflammation storm and hypercoagulability are prominent indicators for disease progression in COVID-19: a multi-centered, correlation study with CT imaging score","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3544837"},{"key":"8_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang W, He J, Wu S (2020c) The definition and risks of cytokine release syndrome-like in 11 COVID-19-infected pneumonia critically ill patients: disease characteristics and retrospective analysis. medRxiv","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa387"},{"key":"8_CR85","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2020) Laboratory testing for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in suspected human cases: interim guidance, March 2 2020. World Health Organization."},{"key":"8_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu Z, McGoogan JM (2020) Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Jama","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2648"},{"key":"8_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xing Z, Afkhami S, Bavananthasivam J, Fritz DK, D\u2019Agostino MR, Vaseghi-Shanjani M, Yao Y, Jeyanathan M (2020) Innate immune memory of tissue-resident macrophages and trained innate immunity: re-vamping vaccine concept and strategies. J Leukoc Biol","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.4MR0220-446R"},{"key":"8_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiong Y, Liu Y, Cao L, Wang D, Guo M, Guo D, Hu W, Yang J, Tang Z, Zhang Q (2020) Transcriptomic characteristics of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in COVID-19 patients. Available at SSRN 3549993","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3549993"},{"key":"8_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu H, Hou K, Xu H, Li Z, Chen H, Zhang N, Xu R, Fu H, Sun R, Wen L (2020a) Acute myocardial injury of patients with coronavirus disease 2019. medRxiv","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.03.05.20031591"},{"key":"8_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu Z, Shi L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Huang L, Zhang C, Liu S, Zhao P, Liu H, Zhu L (2020b) Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30076-X"},{"key":"8_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, Shu H, Liu H, Wu Y, Zhang L, Yu Z, Fang M, Yu T (2020a) Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir Med","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30079-5"},{"key":"8_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang Y, Shen C, Li J, Yuan J, Yang M, Wang F, Li G, Li Y, Xing L, Peng L (2020b) Exuberant elevation of IP-10, MCP-3 and IL-1ra during SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with disease severity and fatal outcome. medRxiv","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.03.02.20029975"},{"key":"8_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117900","volume":"256","author":"F Yazdanpanah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yazdanpanah F, Hamblin MR, Rezaei N (2020a) The immune system and COVID-19: friend or foe? Life Sci 256:117900. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117900","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"8_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yazdanpanah N, Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N (2020b) Anosmia: a missing link in the neuroimmunology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Rev Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/revneuro-2020-0039","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2020-0039"},{"issue":"6","key":"8_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0240","volume":"102","author":"S Yousefzadegan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yousefzadegan S, Rezaei N (2020) Case Report: death due to COVID-19 in Three Brothers. Am J Trop Med Hyg 102(6):1203\u20131204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0240","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"8_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang D, Guo R, Lei L, Liu H, Wang Y, Wang Y, Dai T, Zhang T, Lai Y, Wang J (2020a) COVID-19 infection induces readily detectable morphological and inflammation-related phenotypic changes in peripheral blood monocytes, the severity of which correlate with patient outcome. medRxiv","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.03.24.20042655"},{"key":"8_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang L, Shen FM, Chen F, Lin Z (2020b) Origin and evolution of the 2019 novel coronavirus. Clin Infect Dis","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa112"},{"key":"8_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang L, Yang J-R, Zhang Z, Lin Z (2020c) Genomic variations of COVID-19 suggest multiple outbreak sources of transmission. medRxiv","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.02.25.20027953"},{"issue":"1","key":"8_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1729071","volume":"9","author":"W Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang W, Du R-H, Li B, Zheng X-S, Yang X-L, Hu B, Wang Y-Y, Xiao G-F, Yan B, Shi Z-L (2020d) Molecular and serological investigation of 2019-nCoV infected patients: implication of multiple shedding routes. Emerg Microbes Infect 9(1):386\u2013389","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"8_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Fu B, Zheng X, Wang D, Zhao C, Sun R, Tian Z, Xu X, Wei H (2020) Pathogenic T cells and inflammatory monocytes incite inflammatory storm in severe COVID-19 patients. Natl Sci Rev","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwaa041"},{"issue":"12","key":"8_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2001737","volume":"382","author":"L Zou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zou L, Ruan F, Huang M, Liang L, Huang H, Hong Z, Yu J, Kang M, Song Y, Xia J (2020) SARS-CoV-2 viral load in upper respiratory specimens of infected patients. N Engl J Med 382(12):1177\u20131179","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology","Coronavirus Disease - COVID-19"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-63761-3_8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T15:40:00Z","timestamp":1725032400000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-63761-3_8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"ISBN":["9783030637606","9783030637613"],"references-count":92,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-63761-3_8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0065-2598","2214-8019"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0065-2598"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2214-8019"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 May 2021","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}