{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T19:28:27Z","timestamp":1768073307569,"version":"3.49.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783030643560","type":"print"},{"value":"9783030643577","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-64357-7_7","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]],"date-time":"2020-11-24T11:47:35Z","timestamp":1606218455000},"page":"148-168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Vision: A Critique of Immunity Passports and W3C Decentralized Identifiers"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Harry","family":"Halpin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"7_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOMSTD.001.1900027","volume":"3","author":"R Arnold","year":"2019","unstructured":"Arnold, R., Longley, D.: Zero-knowledge proofs do not solve the privacy-trust problem of attribute-based credentials: what if Alice is evil? IEEE Commun. Stand. Mag. 3(4), 26\u201331 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Stand. Mag."},{"issue":"9","key":"7_CR2","first-page":"1","volume":"44","author":"A Bansal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bansal, A., Garg, C., Padappayil, R.P.: Optimizing the implementation of COVID-19 Immunity Certificates using blockchain. J. Med. Syst. 44(9), 1\u20132 (2020)","journal-title":"J. Med. Syst."},{"key":"7_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bartolomeu, P.C., Vieira, E., Hosseini, S.M., Ferreira, J.: Self-sovereign identity: use-cases, technologies, and challenges for industrial IoT. In: 2019 24th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), pp. 1173\u20131180. IEEE (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/ETFA.2019.8869262"},{"issue":"5","key":"7_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0501-34","volume":"284","author":"T Berners-Lee","year":"2001","unstructured":"Berners-Lee, T., Hendler, J., Lassila, O.: The semantic web. Sci. Am. 284(5), 34\u201343 (2001)","journal-title":"Sci. Am."},{"key":"7_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhargavan, K., Blanchet, B., Kobeissi, N.: Verified models and reference implementations for the TLS 1.3 standard candidate. In: 2017 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP), pp. 483\u2013502. IEEE (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2017.26"},{"key":"7_CR6","unstructured":"Brands, S., Paquin., C.: U-Prove cryptographic specification v1.0 (2010)"},{"key":"7_CR7","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-25385-0_24","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology \u2013 ASIACRYPT 2011","author":"J Camenisch","year":"2011","unstructured":"Camenisch, J., Krenn, S., Shoup, V.: A framework for practical universally composable zero-knowledge protocols. In: Lee, D.H., Wang, X. (eds.) ASIACRYPT 2011. LNCS, vol. 7073, pp. 449\u2013467. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-25385-0_24"},{"key":"7_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Camenisch, J., Van Herreweghen, E.: Design and implementation of the Idemix anonymous credential system. In: Proceedings of the 9th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, pp. 21\u201330 (2002)","DOI":"10.1145\/586110.586114"},{"key":"7_CR9","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-39718-2_24","volume-title":"The Semantic Web - ISWC 2003","author":"JJ Carroll","year":"2003","unstructured":"Carroll, J.J.: Signing RDF graphs. In: Fensel, D., Sycara, K., Mylopoulos, J. (eds.) ISWC 2003. LNCS, vol. 2870, pp. 369\u2013384. Springer, Heidelberg (2003). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-39718-2_24"},{"issue":"10","key":"7_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1145\/4372.4373","volume":"28","author":"D Chaum","year":"1985","unstructured":"Chaum, D.: Security without identification: transaction systems to make Big Brother obsolete. Commun. ACM 28(10), 1030\u20131044 (1985)","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"7_CR11","unstructured":"Ding, L., Kolari, P., Finin, T., Joshi, A., Peng, Y., Yesha, Y., et al.: On homeland security and the Semantic Web: a provenance and trust aware inference framework. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Spring Symposium on AI Technologies for Homeland Security (2005)"},{"issue":"4","key":"7_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2018.3111247","volume":"16","author":"P Dunphy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dunphy, P., Petitcolas, F.A.P.: A first look at identity management schemes on the blockchain. IEEE Secur. Priv. 16(4), 20\u201329 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE Secur. Priv."},{"key":"7_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1109\/OJEMB.2020.2999214","volume":"1","author":"M Eisenstadt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eisenstadt, M., Ramachandran, M., Chowdhury, N., Third, A., Domingue, J.: COVID-19 antibody test certification: There\u2019s an app for that. IEEE Open J. Eng. Med. Biol. 1, 148\u2013155 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE Open J. Eng. Med. Biol."},{"key":"7_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garman, C., Green, M., Miers, I.: Decentralized anonymous credentials. In: Proceedings of the Network and Distributed System Security Symposium - NDSS 2014. Internet Society, February 2014","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2014.23253"},{"key":"7_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-19357-6","volume-title":"Data Management and Query Processing in Semantic Web Databases","author":"S Groppe","year":"2011","unstructured":"Groppe, S.: Data Management and Query Processing in Semantic Web Databases. Springer Science & Business Media, New York (2011)"},{"key":"7_CR16","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-71501-8_2","volume-title":"Security, Privacy, and Applied Cryptography Engineering","author":"H Halpin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Halpin, H.: The crisis of standardizing DRM: the case of W3C encrypted media extensions. In: Ali, S.S., Danger, J.-L., Eisenbarth, T. (eds.) SPACE 2017. LNCS, vol. 10662, pp. 10\u201329. Springer, Cham (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-71501-8_2"},{"key":"7_CR17","first-page":"2017","volume-title":"Semantic Insecurity: Security and the Semantic Web","author":"H Halpin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Halpin, H.: Semantic Insecurity: Security and the Semantic Web, p. 2017. In Society, Privacy and the Semantic Web-Policy and Technology (PrivOn (2017)"},{"key":"7_CR18","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-17705-8_16","volume-title":"Internet Science","author":"H Halpin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Halpin, H.: Decentralizing the social web. In: Bodrunova, S.S., et al. (eds.) INSCI 2018. LNCS, vol. 11551, pp. 187\u2013202. Springer, Cham (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-17705-8_16"},{"key":"7_CR19","unstructured":"Hardt, D.: The OAuth 2.0 authorization framework. IETF RFC 6749 (2012). https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc6749"},{"key":"7_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hepp, M., Leymann, F., Domingue, J., Wahler, A., Fensel, D.: Semantic business process management: a vision towards using Semantic Web Services for business process management. In: IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering (ICEBE 2005), pp. 535\u2013540. IEEE (2005)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEBE.2005.110"},{"key":"7_CR21","unstructured":"Hicks, C., Butler, D., Maple, C., Crowcroft, J.: SecureABC: Secure AntiBody Certificates for COVID-19. arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.11833 (2020)"},{"key":"7_CR22","unstructured":"Jager, T., Paterson, K.G., Somorovsky, J.: Backwards compatibility attacks on state-of-the-art cryptography. In: NDSS, One bad apple (2013)"},{"key":"7_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones, M., Bradley, J., Sakimura, N.: JSON Web Token (JWT). IETF RFC 7519 (2015)","DOI":"10.17487\/RFC7519"},{"key":"7_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jordan, K., Hauser, J., Foster, S.: The augmented social network: building identity and trust into the next-generation Internet. First Monday 8(8) (2003)","DOI":"10.5210\/fm.v8i8.1068"},{"key":"7_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaminer, D.: Discrimination against employees without COVID-19 antibodies. New York Law Journal (2020)","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3593113"},{"key":"7_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kofler , N., Baylis, F.: Ten reasons why immunity passports are a bad idea (2020)","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-020-01451-0"},{"key":"7_CR27","unstructured":"Kontzinos, C., Kokkinakos, P., Skalidakis, S., Markaki, O., Karakolis, V., Psarras, J.: Decentralised qualifications\u2019 verification and management for learner empowerment, education reengineering and public sector transformation: The QualiChain Project. Mobile, Hybrid, and On-line Learning (eLmL 2020), p. 51 (2020)"},{"key":"7_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kulynych, B., Lueks, W., Isaakidis, M., Danezis, G., Troncoso, C.: Claimchain: improving the security and privacy of in-band key distribution for messaging. In: Proceedings of the 2018 Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society, pp. 86\u2013103 (2018)","DOI":"10.1145\/3267323.3268947"},{"key":"7_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Larremore, D.B., Bubar, K.M., Grad, Y.H.: Implications of test characteristics and population seroprevalence on immune passport strategies. Clinical Infectious Diseases (2020)","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1019"},{"key":"7_CR30","unstructured":"Lassila, O., Swick., R.R.: Resource Description Framework (RDF) model and syntax specification. W3C Recommendation (1999)"},{"key":"7_CR31","unstructured":"Longley, D., Sporny, M.: Linked Data Proofs. W3C Draft Community Group Report (2020). https:\/\/w3c-ccg.github.io\/ld-proofs\/"},{"key":"7_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mansour, E.: A demonstration of the Solid platform for social web applications. In: Proceedings of the 25th International Conference Companion on World Wide Web, pp. 223\u2013226. International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee (2016)","DOI":"10.1145\/2872518.2890529"},{"key":"7_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McIntosh, M., Austel, P.: XML signature element wrapping attacks and countermeasures. In: Proceedings of the 2005 Workshop on Secure Web Services, pp. 20\u201327. ACM (2005)","DOI":"10.1145\/1103022.1103026"},{"key":"7_CR34","unstructured":"Pfitzmann, A., Hansen, M.: A terminology for talking about privacy by data minimization: anonymity, unlinkability, undetectability, unobservability, pseudonymity, and identity management (2010)"},{"key":"7_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Recordon, D., Reed, D.: OpenID 2.0: a platform for user-centric identity management. In: Proceedings of the Second ACM Workshop on Digital Identity Management, pp. 11\u201316. ACM (2006)","DOI":"10.1145\/1179529.1179532"},{"key":"7_CR36","unstructured":"Reed, D., Sporny, M., Sabadello, M.: Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) v1.0. W3C Working Draft (2020). https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/did-core\/"},{"key":"7_CR37","unstructured":"Sakimura, N., Bradley, J., Jones, M., de Medeiros, B., Mortimore, C.: OpenID Connect Core 1.0 incorporating errata set 1 (2014). http:\/\/openid.net\/specs\/openid-connect-core-1_0.html"},{"key":"7_CR38","unstructured":"Sporny, M., Longley, D., Chadwick, D.: Verifiable Credentials. W3C Recommendation (2019). https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/verifiable-claims-data-model\/"},{"key":"7_CR39","unstructured":"Sporny, M., Longley, D., Lanthaler, M., Champin, P.-A., Lindstrom, N.: JSON-LD 1.1: a JSON serialization for Linked Data. W3C Recommendation (2020). https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/json-ld11\/"},{"issue":"4","key":"7_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1515\/popets-2017-0056","volume":"2017","author":"C Troncoso","year":"2017","unstructured":"Troncoso, C., Isaakidis, M., Danezis, G., Halpin, H.: Systematizing decentralization and privacy: lessons from 15 years of research and deployments. Proc. Privacy Enhancing Technol. 2017(4), 404\u2013426 (2017)","journal-title":"Proc. Privacy Enhancing Technol."},{"key":"7_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W\u00fcst, K., Gervais, A.: Do you need a blockchain? In: 2018 Crypto Valley Conference on Blockchain Technology (CVCBT), pp. 45\u201354. IEEE (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVCBT.2018.00011"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Security Standardisation Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-64357-7_7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T13:44:00Z","timestamp":1669729440000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-64357-7_7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"ISBN":["9783030643560","9783030643577"],"references-count":41,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-64357-7_7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 November 2020","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"SSR","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Research in Security Standardisation","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"London","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"United Kingdom","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2020","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"30 November 2020","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"1 December 2020","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"6","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"ssr2020","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/ssr2020.mozilla.org\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Double-blind","order":1,"name":"type","label":"Type","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"Easychair","order":2,"name":"conference_management_system","label":"Conference Management System","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"20","order":3,"name":"number_of_submissions_sent_for_review","label":"Number of Submissions Sent for Review","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"7","order":4,"name":"number_of_full_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Full Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"0","order":5,"name":"number_of_short_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Short Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"35% - The value is computed by the equation \"Number of Full Papers Accepted \/ Number of Submissions Sent for Review * 100\" and then rounded to a whole number.","order":6,"name":"acceptance_rate_of_full_papers","label":"Acceptance Rate of Full Papers","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3","order":7,"name":"average_number_of_reviews_per_paper","label":"Average Number of Reviews per Paper","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"2","order":8,"name":"average_number_of_papers_per_reviewer","label":"Average Number of Papers per Reviewer","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"Yes","order":9,"name":"external_reviewers_involved","label":"External Reviewers Involved","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"The conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic.","order":10,"name":"additional_info_on_review_process","label":"Additional Info on Review Process","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}}]}}