{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T16:38:28Z","timestamp":1776875908244,"version":"3.51.2"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783030661502","type":"print"},{"value":"9783030661519","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-66151-9_7","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]],"date-time":"2020-12-21T00:02:47Z","timestamp":1608508967000},"page":"101-118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of a Pure-Strategy Stackelberg Game for Wildlife Security in a Geospatial Framework"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7802-1413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa-Ann","family":"Kirkland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8121-6249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alta","family":"de Waal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2506-6594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan Pieter","family":"de Villiers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"7_CR1","unstructured":"GeoPandas 0.7.0. https:\/\/geopandas.org\/"},{"key":"7_CR2","unstructured":"SANParks Data Repository. http:\/\/dataknp.sanparks.org\/sanparks\/"},{"key":"7_CR3","unstructured":"Minister Molewa highlights progress on Integrated Strategic Management of Rhinoceros (2017). https:\/\/www.environment.gov.za\/mediarelease\/molewa_progressonintegrated_strategicmanagement_ofrhinoceros"},{"key":"7_CR4","unstructured":"Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries report back on rhino poaching in South Africa in 2019 (2020). https:\/\/www.environment.gov.za\/mediarelease\/reportbackon2019_rhinopoachingstatistics"},{"key":"7_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"An, B., Tambe, M.: Stackelberg security games (SSG) basics and application overview. In: Abbas, A.E., Tambe, M., von Winterfeldt, D. (eds.) Improving Homeland Security Decisions, pp. 485\u2013507. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781316676714.021","DOI":"10.1017\/9781316676714.021"},{"key":"7_CR6","unstructured":"Conitzer, V., Sandholm, T.: Computing the optimal strategy to commit to. In: Proceedings of the 7th ACM Conference on Electronic Commerce, pp. 82\u201390 (2006). https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1134707.1134717"},{"key":"7_CR7","unstructured":"Cournot, A.A.: Researches Into the Mathematical Principles of the Theory of Wealth. Macmillan, New York (1897). https:\/\/www3.nd.edu\/~tgresik\/IO\/Cournot.pdf"},{"key":"7_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"De Oude, P., Pavlin, G., De Villiers, J.P.: High-level tracking using bayesian context fusion. In: FUSION 2018, 21st International Conference on Information Fusion, pp. 1415\u20131422. IEEE (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23919\/ICIF.2018.8455342","DOI":"10.23919\/ICIF.2018.8455342"},{"key":"7_CR9","unstructured":"Fang, F., et al.: Deploying PAWS: field optimization of the protection assistant for wildlife security. In: AAAI 2016, Proceedings of the 30th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 3966\u20133973. AAAI Press (2016). https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.5555\/3016387.3016464"},{"key":"7_CR10","unstructured":"Fang, F., Stone, P., Tambe, M.: When security games go green: designing defender strategies to prevent poaching and illegal fishing. In: IJCAI 2015, Proceedings of the 24th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 2589\u20132595. AAAI Press (2015). https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.5555\/2832581.2832611"},{"key":"7_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203911563","volume-title":"Nonparametric Statistical Inference","author":"JD Gibbons","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gibbons, J.D., Chakraborti, S.: Nonparametric Statistical Inference, 4th edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2003). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9780203911563","edition":"4"},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1553\/giscience2019_01_s54","volume":"7","author":"A Graser","year":"2019","unstructured":"Graser, A.: MovingPandas: efficient structures for movement data in Python. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci. 7(1), 54\u201368 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1553\/giscience2019_01_s54","journal-title":"J. Geogr. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"7_CR13","unstructured":"Kar, D., Fang, F., Fave, F.D., Sintov, N., Tambe, M.: \u201cA game of thrones\u201d: When human behavior models compete in repeated stackelberg security games. In: AAMAS 2015, Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, pp. 1381\u20131390. IFAAMAS (2015). https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.5555\/2772879.2773329"},{"key":"7_CR14","unstructured":"Kirkland, L., de Waal, A., de Villiers, J.P.: Simulating null games for uncertainty evaluation in green security games. In: FUSION 2019, 22nd International Conference on Information Fusion, pp. 1\u20138. IEEE (2019). https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9011280"},{"key":"7_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lemieux, A.M. (ed.): Situational Prevention of Poaching. Routledge, London (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9780203094525","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203094525"},{"key":"7_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctvjsf522","volume-title":"Game theory: Analysis of Conflict","author":"RB Myerson","year":"1991","unstructured":"Myerson, R.B.: Game theory: Analysis of Conflict. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (1991). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/j.ctvjsf522"},{"key":"7_CR17","unstructured":"Nguyen, T.H., et al.: CAPTURE: a new predictive anti-poaching tool for wildlife protection. In: AAMAS 2016, Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Autonomous Agents & Multiagent Systems, pp. 767\u2013775. IFAAMAS (2016). https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/abs\/10.5555\/2936924.2937037"},{"key":"7_CR18","unstructured":"Paruchuri, P., Pearce, J.P., Marecki, J., Tambe, M., Ordonez, F., Kraus, S.: Playing games for security: an efficient exact algorithm for solving Bayesian Stackelberg games. In: AAMAS 2008, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, vol. 2, pp. 895\u2013902. IFAAMAS (2008). https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.5555\/1402298.1402348"},{"issue":"15","key":"7_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2010.07.002","volume":"174","author":"J Pita","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pita, J., Jain, M., Tambe, M., Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez, F., Kraus, S.: Robust solutions to Stackelberg games: addressing bounded rationality and limited observations in human cognition. Artif. Intell. 174(15), 1142\u20131171 (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.artint.2010.07.002","journal-title":"Artif. Intell."},{"key":"7_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-12586-7","volume-title":"Market Structure and Equilibrium","author":"H von Stackelberg","year":"2011","unstructured":"von Stackelberg, H.: Market Structure and Equilibrium. Springer, Berlin (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-12586-7"},{"key":"7_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511973031","volume-title":"Security and game theory: algorithms, deployed systems, lessons learned","author":"M Tambe","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tambe, M.: Security and game theory: algorithms, deployed systems, lessons learned. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/CBO9780511973031"},{"key":"7_CR22","unstructured":"Yadav, A., Nguyen, T.H., Fave, F.D., Tambe, M., Agmon, N.: Handling payoff uncertainty with adversary bounded rationality in green security domains. In: BECIS 2015, Workshop on Behavioral, Economic and Computational Intelligence for Security, pp. 1\u201316 (2015). https:\/\/teamcore.seas.harvard.edu\/publications\/handling-payoff-uncertainty-green-security-domains-adversary-bounded-0"},{"key":"7_CR23","unstructured":"Yang, R., Ford, B., Tambe, M., Lemieux, A.: Adaptive resource allocation for wildlife protection against illegal poachers. In: AAMAS 2014, Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, pp. 453\u2013460. IFAAMAS (2014). https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.5555\/2615731.2615805"},{"key":"7_CR24","unstructured":"Yin, Z., Korzhyk, D., Kiekintveld, C., Conitzer, V., Tambe, M.: Stackelberg vs. Nash in security games: interchangeability, equivalence, and uniqueness. In: AAMAS2010, Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, vol. 1, pp. 1139\u20131146. IFAAMAS (2010). https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.5555\/1838206.1838360"}],"container-title":["Communications in Computer and Information Science","Artificial Intelligence Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-66151-9_7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,24]],"date-time":"2021-04-24T11:48:29Z","timestamp":1619264909000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-66151-9_7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"ISBN":["9783030661502","9783030661519"],"references-count":24,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-66151-9_7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-0929","1865-0937"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-0929","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-0937","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 December 2020","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"SACAIR","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Southern African Conference for Artificial Intelligence Research","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Muldersdrift","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"South Africa","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2021","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"22 February 2021","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"26 February 2021","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"1","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"sacair2020","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"http:\/\/sacair.org.za\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Double-blind","order":1,"name":"type","label":"Type","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"EasyChair","order":2,"name":"conference_management_system","label":"Conference Management System","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"53","order":3,"name":"number_of_submissions_sent_for_review","label":"Number of Submissions Sent for Review","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"19","order":4,"name":"number_of_full_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Full Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"0","order":5,"name":"number_of_short_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Short Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"36% - The value is computed by the equation \"Number of Full Papers Accepted \/ Number of Submissions Sent for Review * 100\" and then rounded to a whole number.","order":6,"name":"acceptance_rate_of_full_papers","label":"Acceptance Rate of Full Papers","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3","order":7,"name":"average_number_of_reviews_per_paper","label":"Average Number of Reviews per Paper","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3","order":8,"name":"average_number_of_papers_per_reviewer","label":"Average Number of Papers per Reviewer","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"No","order":9,"name":"external_reviewers_involved","label":"External Reviewers Involved","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"Dur to the COVID-19 pandemic SACAIR 2020 was postponed to February 2021","order":10,"name":"additional_info_on_review_process","label":"Additional Info on Review Process","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}}]}}