{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T17:12:16Z","timestamp":1765041136440,"version":"3.40.3"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783030682873"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783030682880"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-68288-0_5","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T03:08:52Z","timestamp":1612235332000},"page":"64-77","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Show, Don\u2019t Tell. Reflections on the Design of Multi-modal Conversational Interfaces"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6436-4431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Crovari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1425-1719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Pid\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4905-7166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franca","family":"Garzotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0671-2415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Ceri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"5_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btn633","volume":"25","author":"D Bolchini","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bolchini, D., Finkelstein, A., Perrone, V., Nagl, S.: Better bioinformatics through usability analysis. Bioinformatics 25(3), 406\u2013412 (2009)","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"5_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Catania, F., Di Nardo, N., Garzotto, F., Occhiuto, D.: Emoty: an emotionally sensitive conversational agent for people with neurodevelopmental disorders. In: Proceedings of the 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2019)","DOI":"10.24251\/HICSS.2019.244"},{"key":"5_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Catania, F., et al.: Musical and conversational artificial intelligence. In: Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces Companion, pp. 51\u201352 (2020)","DOI":"10.1145\/3379336.3381479"},{"key":"5_CR4","unstructured":"Catania, F., Spitale, M., Fisicaro, D., Garzotto, F.: Cork: a conversational agent framework exploiting both rational and emotional intelligence. In: IUI Workshops (2019)"},{"key":"5_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cauell, J., Bickmore, T., Campbell, L., Vilhj\u00e1lmsson, H.: Designing embodied conversational agents. Embodied Conversational Agents 29 (2000)","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/2697.001.0001"},{"key":"5_CR6","series-title":"Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01174-1_9","volume-title":"Intelligent Computing","author":"S Chandel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chandel, S., Yuying, Y., Yujie, G., Razaque, A., Yang, G.: Chatbot: efficient and utility-based platform. In: Arai, K., Kapoor, S., Bhatia, R. (eds.) SAI 2018. AISC, vol. 858, pp. 109\u2013122. Springer, Cham (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-01174-1_9"},{"key":"5_CR7","unstructured":"Chekhov, A.: The Unknown Chekhov: Stories & Other Writings Hitherto Untranslated. Macmillan, New York (1999)"},{"key":"5_CR8","volume-title":"Software for Use: A Practical Guide to the Models and Methods of Usage-Centered Design","author":"LL Constantine","year":"1999","unstructured":"Constantine, L.L., Lockwood, L.A.: Software for Use: A Practical Guide to the Models and Methods of Usage-Centered Design. Pearson Education, London (1999)"},{"key":"5_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crovari, P., Catania, F., Garzotto, F.: Crime story as a tool for scientific and technological outreach. In: Extended Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1\u201310 (2020)","DOI":"10.1145\/3334480.3381822"},{"key":"5_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crovari, P., et al.: Ok, DNA! a conversational interface to explore genomic data. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on Conversational User Interfaces, pp. 1\u20133 (2020)","DOI":"10.1145\/3405755.3406163"},{"key":"5_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cutrupi, C.M., et al.: Smemo: a multi-modal interface promoting children\u2019s creation of personal conversational agents. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on Conversational User Interfaces, pp. 1\u20133 (2020)","DOI":"10.1145\/3405755.3406162"},{"key":"5_CR12","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-00437-7_1","volume-title":"Human Machine Interaction","author":"B Dumas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dumas, B., Lalanne, D., Oviatt, S.: Multimodal interfaces: a survey of principles, models and frameworks. In: Lalanne, D., Kohlas, J. (eds.) Human Machine Interaction. LNCS, vol. 5440, pp. 3\u201326. Springer, Heidelberg (2009). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-00437-7_1"},{"key":"5_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fast, E., Chen, B., Mendelsohn, J., Bassen, J., Bernstein, M.S.: Iris: a conversational agent for complex tasks. In: Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1\u201312 (2018)","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3174047"},{"issue":"4","key":"5_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1145\/3085558","volume":"24","author":"A F\u00f8lstad","year":"2017","unstructured":"F\u00f8lstad, A., Brandtz\u00e6g, P.B.: Chatbots and the new world of HCI. Interactions 24(4), 38\u201342 (2017)","journal-title":"Interactions"},{"issue":"3","key":"5_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.5772\/55791","volume":"10","author":"D Griol","year":"2013","unstructured":"Griol, D., Callejas, Z.: An architecture to develop multimodal educative applications with chatbots. Int. J. Adv. Rob. Syst. 10(3), 175 (2013)","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Rob. Syst."},{"issue":"10","key":"5_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1145\/67933.67934","volume":"32","author":"J Grudin","year":"1989","unstructured":"Grudin, J.: The case against user interface consistency. Commun. ACM 32(10), 1164\u20131173 (1989)","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"5_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gustafson, J., et al.: Adapt\u2013a multimodal conversational dialogue system in an apartment domain. In: The Sixth International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP), Beijing, China, pp. 134\u2013137 (2000)","DOI":"10.21437\/ICSLP.2000-227"},{"key":"5_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hearst, M., Tory, M.: Would you like a chart with that? Incorporating visualizations into conversational interfaces. In: 2019 IEEE Visualization Conference (VIS), pp. 1\u20135. IEEE (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/VISUAL.2019.8933766"},{"key":"5_CR19","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-39540-7_18","volume-title":"Chatbot Research and Design","author":"S Hobert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hobert, S., Berens, F.: Small talk conversations and the long-term use of chatbots in educational settings \u2013 experiences from a field study. In: F\u00f8lstad, A., Araujo, T., Papadopoulos, S., Law, E.L.-C., Granmo, O.-C., Luger, E., Brandtzaeg, P.B. (eds.) CONVERSATIONS 2019. LNCS, vol. 11970, pp. 260\u2013272. Springer, Cham (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-39540-7_18"},{"key":"5_CR20","unstructured":"John, R.J.L., Potti, N., Patel, J.M.: AVA: from data to insights through conversations. In: CIDR (2017)"},{"key":"5_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kerlyl, A., Hall, P., Bull, S.: Bringing chatbots into education: towards natural language negotiation of open learner models. In: Ellis, R., Allen, T., Tuson, A. (eds.) Applications and Innovations in Intelligent Systems XIV, SGAI 2006. pp. 179\u2013192. Springer, London (2006). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-84628-666-7_14","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-84628-666-7_14"},{"key":"5_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, T.J.J., Radensky, M., Jia, J., Singarajah, K., Mitchell, T.M., Myers, B.A.: Pumice: a multi-modal agent that learns concepts and conditionals from natural language and demonstrations. In: Proceedings of the 32nd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, pp. 577\u2013589 (2019)","DOI":"10.1145\/3332165.3347899"},{"key":"5_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liao, L., Zhou, Y., Ma, Y., Hong, R., Chua, T.S.: Knowledge-aware multimodal fashion chatbot. In: Proceedings of the 26th ACM International Conference on Multimedia, pp. 1265\u20131266 (2018)","DOI":"10.1145\/3240508.3241399"},{"key":"5_CR24","series-title":"Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-61542-4_12","volume-title":"Innovative Mobile and Internet Services in Ubiquitous Computing","author":"A Messina","year":"2018","unstructured":"Messina, A., Augello, A., Pilato, G., Rizzo, R.: BioGraphBot: a conversational assistant for bioinformatics graph databases. In: Barolli, L., Enokido, T. (eds.) IMIS 2017. AISC, vol. 612, pp. 135\u2013146. Springer, Cham (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-61542-4_12"},{"key":"5_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nielsen, J.: Usability inspection methods. In: Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 413\u2013414 (1994)","DOI":"10.1145\/259963.260531"},{"key":"5_CR26","unstructured":"Nielsen, J.: Ten usability heuristics (2005)"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"5_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327051hci1201&2_4","volume":"12","author":"S Oviatt","year":"1997","unstructured":"Oviatt, S.: Mulitmodal interactive maps: designing for human performance. Hum. Comput. Interact. 12(1\u20132), 93\u2013129 (1997)","journal-title":"Hum. Comput. Interact."},{"issue":"11","key":"5_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1145\/319382.319398","volume":"42","author":"S Oviatt","year":"1999","unstructured":"Oviatt, S.: Ten myths of multimodal interaction. Commun. ACM 42(11), 74\u201381 (1999)","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"5_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oviatt, S., DeAngeli, A., Kuhn, K.: Integration and synchronization of input modes during multimodal human-computer interaction. In: Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 415\u2013422 (1997)","DOI":"10.1145\/258549.258821"},{"key":"5_CR30","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-22660-2_43","volume-title":"Human Interface and the Management of Information. Visual Information and Knowledge Management","author":"W Ritzel Paix\u00e3o-C\u00f4rtes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ritzel Paix\u00e3o-C\u00f4rtes, W., Stangherlin Machado Paix\u00e3o-C\u00f4rtes, V., Ellwanger, C., Norberto de Souza, O.: Development and usability evaluation of a prototype conversational interface for biological information retrieval via bioinformatics. In: Yamamoto, S., Mori, H. (eds.) HCII 2019. LNCS, vol. 11569, pp. 575\u2013593. Springer, Cham (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-22660-2_43"},{"key":"5_CR31","unstructured":"Radziwill, N.M., Benton, M.C.: Evaluating quality of chatbots and intelligent conversational agents. arXiv preprint arXiv:1704.04579 (2017)"},{"key":"5_CR32","unstructured":"Ratnaparkhi, A.: Maximum entropy models for natural language ambiguity resolution (1998)"},{"key":"5_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rouhi, A., Spitale, M., Catania, F., Cosentino, G., Gelsomini, M., Garzotto, F.: Emotify: emotional game for children with autism spectrum disorder based-on machine learning. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces: Companion, pp. 31\u201332 (2019)","DOI":"10.1145\/3308557.3308688"},{"issue":"5","key":"5_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2006.01.007","volume":"36","author":"NB Sarter","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sarter, N.B.: Multimodal information presentation: design guidance and research challenges. Int. J. Ind. Ergon. 36(5), 439\u2013445 (2006)","journal-title":"Int. J. Ind. Ergon."},{"key":"5_CR35","first-page":"29","volume":"22","author":"BA Shawar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shawar, B.A., Atwell, E.: Chatbots: are they really useful? LDV Forum 22, 29\u201349 (2007)","journal-title":"LDV Forum"},{"key":"5_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spitale, M., Catania, F., Crovari, P., Garzotto, F.: Multicriteria decision analysis and conversational agents for children with autism. In: Proceedings of the 53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2020)","DOI":"10.24251\/HICSS.2020.125"},{"key":"5_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spitale, M., Silleresi, S., Cosentino, G., Panzeri, F., Garzotto, F.: \u201cWhom would you like to talk with?\u201d Exploring conversational agents for children\u2019s linguistic assessment. In: Proceedings of the Interaction Design and Children Conference, pp. 262\u2013272 (2020)","DOI":"10.1145\/3392063.3394421"},{"key":"5_CR38","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-39540-7_17","volume-title":"Chatbot Research and Design","author":"S Tegos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tegos, S., Demetriadis, S., Psathas, G., Tsiatsos, T.: A configurable agent to advance peers\u2019 productive dialogue in MOOCs. In: F\u00f8lstad, A., et al. (eds.) CONVERSATIONS 2019. LNCS, vol. 11970, pp. 245\u2013259. Springer, Cham (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-39540-7_17"},{"key":"5_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walker, M.A., Litman, D.J., Kamm, C.A., Abella, A.: Paradise: a framework for evaluating spoken dialogue agents (1997)","DOI":"10.3115\/979617.979652"},{"key":"5_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Webster, J., Martocchio, J.J.: Microcomputer playfulness: development of a measure with workplace implications. MIS Q., 201\u2013226 (1992)","DOI":"10.2307\/249576"},{"key":"5_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhi, Q., Metoyer, R.: Gamebot: a visualization-augmented chatbot for sports game. In: Extended Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1\u20137 (2020)","DOI":"10.1145\/3334480.3382794"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Chatbot Research and Design"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-68288-0_5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T08:15:32Z","timestamp":1671005732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-68288-0_5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"ISBN":["9783030682873","9783030682880"],"references-count":41,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-68288-0_5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0302-9743"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1611-3349"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 February 2021","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"CONVERSATIONS","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Workshop on Chatbot Research and Design","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2020","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"23 November 2020","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"24 November 2020","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"4","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"conversations2020","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/conversations2020.wordpress.com\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Double-blind","order":1,"name":"type","label":"Type","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"EasyChair","order":2,"name":"conference_management_system","label":"Conference Management System","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"36","order":3,"name":"number_of_submissions_sent_for_review","label":"Number of Submissions Sent for Review","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"14","order":4,"name":"number_of_full_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Full Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"0","order":5,"name":"number_of_short_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Short Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"39% - The value is computed by the equation \"Number of Full Papers Accepted \/ Number of Submissions Sent for Review * 100\" and then rounded to a whole number.","order":6,"name":"acceptance_rate_of_full_papers","label":"Acceptance Rate of Full Papers","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3","order":7,"name":"average_number_of_reviews_per_paper","label":"Average Number of Reviews per Paper","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3","order":8,"name":"average_number_of_papers_per_reviewer","label":"Average Number of Papers per Reviewer","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"No","order":9,"name":"external_reviewers_involved","label":"External Reviewers Involved","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}}]}}