{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T11:07:43Z","timestamp":1782385663141,"version":"3.54.5"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783030697808","type":"print"},{"value":"9783030697815","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":48,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effective protection of critical infrastructure against cyber and physical security threats involves many different steps from initially the identification of risks to finally the implementation of counter measures in the infrastructure. To derive counter measures and to come to intelligent decisions facing the identified risks, the impact calculation plays a central role. The impact of a specific threat can propagate through the systems of the infrastructure and thus needs to be analysed carefully. In this paper, the role of impact propagation of cyber-physical threats for infrastructure protection is discussed, exemplified for airport systems. In the ongoing EU-H2020 project SATIE (Security of Air Transport Infrastructure of Europe) a toolkit is developed containing two tools for impact propagation, namely the Business Impact Assessment (BIA) and the Impact Propagation Simulation (IPS). Both tools are described and for a small test case the propagation of a cyber threat and the transformation into a physical threat is demonstrated in a network representation as well as an agent-based model of the airport\u2019s systems employing the IPS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-69781-5_13","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T11:12:22Z","timestamp":1613733142000},"page":"191-206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Impact Propagation in Airport Systems"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Corinna","family":"K\u00f6pke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kushal","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis","family":"K\u00f6nig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirjam","family":"Fehling-Kaschek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Mangini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Pra\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alda","family":"Canito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filipe","family":"Apolin\u00e1rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelson","family":"Escravana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nils","family":"Carstengerdes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Stelkens-Kobsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"13_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Argauer, B.J., Yang, S.J.: Vtac: virtual terrain assisted impact assessment for cyber attacks. In: Data Mining, Intrusion Detection, Information Assurance, and Data Networks Security 2008, vol. 6973, p. 69730F. International Society for Optics and Photonics (2008)","DOI":"10.1117\/12.777291"},{"issue":"11","key":"13_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1109\/MAES.2017.170037","volume":"32","author":"H Asgari","year":"2017","unstructured":"Asgari, H., et al.: Provisioning for a distributed ATM security management: the gamma approach. IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. 32(11), 5\u201321 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag."},{"key":"13_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Barros Barreto, A., Costa, P., Hieb, M.: Cyber-argus: Modeling c2 impacts of cyber attacks. Technical report george mason univ fairfax va center for excellence in command control (2014)","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA607024"},{"key":"13_CR4","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-95729-6_21","volume-title":"Data and Applications Security and Privacy XXXII","author":"C Cao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cao, C., Yuan, L.-P., Singhal, A., Liu, P., Sun, X., Zhu, S.: Assessing attack impact on business processes by interconnecting attack graphs and entity dependency graphs. In: Kerschbaum, F., Paraboschi, S. (eds.) DBSec 2018. LNCS, vol. 10980, pp. 330\u2013348. Springer, Cham (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-95729-6_21"},{"key":"13_CR5","unstructured":"Eurocontrol: Airport CDM. Implementation Manual (2006)"},{"key":"13_CR6","unstructured":"Eurocontrol: Airport collaborative decision-making (A-CDM) implementation manual (2017). https:\/\/www.eurocontrol.int\/publication\/airport-collaborative-decision-making-cdm-implementation-manual"},{"key":"13_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcip.2015.04.001","volume":"10","author":"B Genge","year":"2015","unstructured":"Genge, B., Kiss, I., Haller, P.: A system dynamics approach for assessing the impact of cyber attacks on critical infrastructures. Int. J. Crit. Infrastruct. Prot. 10, 3\u201317 (2015)","journal-title":"Int. J. Crit. Infrastruct. Prot."},{"key":"13_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grimaila, M.R., Fortson, L.W.: Towards an information asset-based defensive cyber damage assessment process. In: 2007 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Security and Defense Applications, pp. 206\u2013212. IEEE (2007)","DOI":"10.1109\/CISDA.2007.368155"},{"key":"13_CR9","unstructured":"G\u00fcnther, Y., et al.: Total airport management (operational concept and logical architectur) (2006)"},{"key":"13_CR10","unstructured":"Hiermaier, S., Hasenstein, S., Faist, K.: Resilience engineering-how to handle the unexpected. In: 7th REA Symposium, p. 92 (2017)"},{"key":"13_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jakobson, G.: Extending situation modeling with inference of plausible future cyber situations. In: 2011 IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA), pp. 48\u201355. IEEE (2011)","DOI":"10.1109\/COGSIMA.2011.5753753"},{"key":"13_CR12","unstructured":"Jakobson, G.: Mission cyber security situation assessment using impact dependency graphs. In: 14th International Conference on Information Fusion, pp. 1\u20138. IEEE (2011)"},{"key":"13_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2018.04.006","volume":"130","author":"S Kasereka","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kasereka, S., Kasoro, N., Kyamakya, K., Goufo, E.F.D., Chokki, A.P., Yengo, M.V.: Agent-based modelling and simulation for evacuation of people from a building in case of fire. Proc. Comput. Sci. 130, 10\u201317 (2018)","journal-title":"Proc. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"13_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khalili, A., Michalk, B., Alford, L., Henney, C., Gilbert, L.: Impact modeling and prediction of attacks on cyber targets. In: Cyber Security, Situation Management, and Impact Assessment II; and Visual Analytics for Homeland Defense and Security II. vol. 7709, p. 77090M. International Society for Optics and Photonics (2010)","DOI":"10.1117\/12.849755"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"13_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s12243-017-0617-0","volume":"73","author":"N Kheir","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kheir, N., Mahjoub, A.R., Naghmouchi, M.Y., Perrot, N., Wary, J.P.: Assessing the risk of complex ICT systems. Ann. Telecommun. 73(1\u20132), 95\u2013109 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12243-017-0617-0","journal-title":"Ann. Telecommun."},{"key":"13_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, A., Kang, M.H., Luo, J.Z., Velasquez, A.: A framework for event prioritization in cyber network defense. Technical report naval research lab Washington DC center for high assurance computing systems (2014)","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA608707"},{"key":"13_CR17","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/11734727_16","volume-title":"Information Security and Cryptology - ICISC 2005","author":"Y-G Kim","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kim, Y.-G., Lee, T., In, H.P., Chung, Y.-J., Kim, I.J., Baik, D.-K.: A probabilistic approach to estimate the damage propagation of cyber attacks. In: Won, D.H., Kim, S. (eds.) ICISC 2005. LNCS, vol. 3935, pp. 175\u2013185. Springer, Heidelberg (2006). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/11734727_16"},{"key":"13_CR18","unstructured":"Kotenko, I., Chechulin, A.: A cyber attack modeling and impact assessment framework. In: 2013 5th International Conference on Cyber Conflict (CYCON 2013), pp. 1\u201324. IEEE (2013)"},{"issue":"1","key":"13_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.18564\/jasss.2661","volume":"18","author":"K Kravari","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kravari, K., Bassiliades, N.: A survey of agent platforms. J. Artif. Soc. Soc. Simul. 18(1), 11 (2015)","journal-title":"J. Artif. Soc. Soc. Simul."},{"key":"13_CR20","unstructured":"Lange, M., Krotofil, M., M\u00f6ller, R.: Mission impact assessment in power grids. In: NATO IST-128 Workshop on Cyber Attack Detection, Forensics and Attribution for Assessment of Mission Impact. Istanbul, Turkey: Information Systems Technology Panel (2015)"},{"key":"13_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, C., Singhal, A., Wijesekera, D.: A layered graphical model for mission attack impact analysis. In: 2017 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS), pp. 602\u2013609. IEEE (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/CNS.2017.8228706"},{"key":"13_CR22","unstructured":"Mavrakis, C.: Passive asset discovery and operating system fingerprinting in industrial control system networks. Wayback archive, pp. 840171-1 (2015). http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190307110951\/. https:\/\/pure.tue.nl\/ws\/files\/46916656\/840171-1. pdf"},{"key":"13_CR23","unstructured":"Motzek, A., M\u00f6ller, R., Lange, M., Dubus, S.: Probabilistic mission impact assessment based on widespread local events. In: NATO IST-128 Workshop on Cyber Attack Detection, Forensics and Attribution for Assessment of Mission Impact (2015)"},{"key":"13_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Musman, S., Tanner, M., Temin, A., Elsaesser, E., Loren, L.: Computing the impact of cyber attacks on complex missions. In: 2011 IEEE International Systems Conference, pp. 46\u201351. IEEE (2011)","DOI":"10.1109\/SYSCON.2011.5929055"},{"key":"13_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Musman, S., Temin, A.: A cyber mission impact assessment tool. In: 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Technologies for Homeland Security (HST), pp. 1\u20137. IEEE (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/THS.2015.7225283"},{"key":"13_CR26","unstructured":"Musman, S., Temin, A., Tanner, M., Fox, D., Pridemore, B.: Evaluating the impact of cyber attacks on missions. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Information Warfare and Security, pp. 446\u2013456 (2010)"},{"key":"13_CR27","unstructured":"Naymik, M.: Cleveland breaks silence on airport ransomware attack (2019). www.govtech.com"},{"key":"13_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Noel, S., Harley, E., Tam, K.H., Limiero, M., Share, M.: Cygraph: graph-based analytics and visualization for cybersecurity. In: Handbook of Statistics, vol. 35, pp. 117\u2013167. Elsevier (2016)","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.host.2016.07.001"},{"key":"13_CR29","unstructured":"Noel, S., et al.: Analyzing mission impacts of cyber actions (AMICA). In: NATO IST-128 Workshop on Cyber Attack Detection, Forensics and Attribution for Assessment of Mission Impact (2015)"},{"key":"13_CR30","unstructured":"U.S. Office: Safe skies for tomorrow: Aviation safety in a competitive environment. University of California, Congress of the U (1988)"},{"key":"13_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2016.07.016","volume":"67","author":"H Orojloo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Orojloo, H., Azgomi, M.A.: A method for evaluating the consequence propagation of security attacks in cyber-physical systems. Future Gener. Comput. Syst. 67, 57\u201371 (2017)","journal-title":"Future Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"13_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2014.05.146","volume":"29","author":"NB Othman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Othman, N.B., Legara, E.F., Selvam, V., Monterola, C.: Simulating congestion dynamics of train rapid transit using smart card data. Proc. Comput. Sci. 29, 1610\u20131620 (2014)","journal-title":"Proc. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"13_CR33","unstructured":"Ou, X., Govindavajhala, S., Appel, A.W.: Mulval: a logic-based network security analyzer. In: USENIX Security Symposium, vol. 8, pp. 113\u2013128. Baltimore, MD (2005)"},{"key":"13_CR34","unstructured":"Owusu, A., Mohamed, S., Anissimov, Y.: Input-output impact risk propagation in critical infrastructure interdependency. In: Proceedings of the International Conference Computing in Civil and Building Engineering (2010)"},{"key":"13_CR35","unstructured":"Papenfuss, A., Carstengerdes, N., G\u00fcnther, Y.: Konzept zur Kooperation in Flughafen-Leitst\u00e4nden. In: 57. FAS DGLR L6.4 Anthropotechnik, 25.-26.11.2015, Rostock (2015)"},{"key":"13_CR36","unstructured":"Piekert, F., Carstengerdes, N., Suikat, R.: Dealing with adverse weather conditions by enhanced collaborative decision making in a TAM APOC. In: Air Traffic Management and Systems IV: Selected Papers of the 6th ENRI International Workshop on ATM\/CNS (EIWAC2019) Air Traffic Management and Systems - IV Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, October 2019, in press"},{"key":"13_CR37","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-36084-0_6","volume-title":"Recent Advances in Intrusion Detection","author":"PA Porras","year":"2002","unstructured":"Porras, P.A., Fong, M.W., Valdes, A.: A mission-impact-based approach to INFOSEC alarm correlation. In: Wespi, A., Vigna, G., Deri, L. (eds.) RAID 2002. LNCS, vol. 2516, pp. 95\u2013114. Springer, Heidelberg (2002). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-36084-0_6"},{"key":"13_CR38","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-88313-5_2","volume-title":"Computer Security - ESORICS 2008","author":"RE Sawilla","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sawilla, R.E., Ou, X.: Identifying critical attack assets in dependency attack graphs. In: Jajodia, S., Lopez, J. (eds.) ESORICS 2008. LNCS, vol. 5283, pp. 18\u201334. Springer, Heidelberg (2008). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-88313-5_2"},{"key":"13_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcip.2015.05.003","volume":"10","author":"G Stergiopoulos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stergiopoulos, G., Kotzanikolaou, P., Theocharidou, M., Gritzalis, D.: Risk mitigation strategies for critical infrastructures based on graph centrality analysis. Int. J. Crit. Infrastruct. Prot. 10, 34\u201344 (2015)","journal-title":"Int. J. Crit. Infrastruct. Prot."},{"key":"13_CR40","unstructured":"Stroeve, S.H., Bosse, T., Blom, H.A., Sharpanskykh, A., Everdij, M.H.: Agent-based modelling for analysis of resilience in ATM. Proceedings of the Third SESAR Innovation days. Stockholm (Sweden), November 2013"},{"key":"13_CR41","series-title":"Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-50943-9_65","volume-title":"Advances in Human Aspects of Transportation","author":"R Suikat","year":"2020","unstructured":"Suikat, R., Schier-Morgenthal, S., Carstengerdes, N., G\u00fcnther, Y., Lorenz, S., Piekert, F.: What-if analysis in total airport management. In: Stanton, N. (ed.) AHFE 2020. AISC, vol. 1212, pp. 517\u2013523. Springer, Cham (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-50943-9_65"},{"key":"13_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, X., Singhal, A., Liu, P.: Who touched my mission: towards probabilistic mission impact assessment. In: Proceedings of the 2015 Workshop on Automated Decision Making for Active Cyber Defense, pp. 21\u201326 (2015)","DOI":"10.1145\/2809826.2809834"},{"issue":"4","key":"13_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2014.2344048","volume":"10","author":"Y Sun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sun, Y., Wu, T.Y., Liu, X., Obaidat, M.S.: Multilayered impact evaluation model for attacking missions. IEEE Syst. J. 10(4), 1304\u20131315 (2014)","journal-title":"IEEE Syst. J."},{"key":"13_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-4933-7","volume-title":"Agent-Based Modelling of Socio-Technical Systems","author":"KH Van Dam","year":"2012","unstructured":"Van Dam, K.H., Nikolic, I., Lukszo, Z.: Agent-Based Modelling of Socio-Technical Systems, vol. 9. Springer, Dordrecht (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-94-007-4933-7"},{"key":"13_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-19345-3","volume-title":"Process Mining: Discovery, Conformance and Enhancement of Business Processes","author":"W Van Der Aalst","year":"2011","unstructured":"Van Der Aalst, W.: Process Mining: Discovery, Conformance and Enhancement of Business Processes, vol. 2. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-19345-3"},{"key":"13_CR46","volume-title":"An Introduction to Agent-Based Modeling: Modeling Natural, Social, and Engineered Complex Systems with NetLogo","author":"U Wilensky","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wilensky, U., Rand, W.: An Introduction to Agent-Based Modeling: Modeling Natural, Social, and Engineered Complex Systems with NetLogo. MIT Press, Cambridge (2015)"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Cyber-Physical Security for Critical Infrastructures Protection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-69781-5_13","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T11:19:50Z","timestamp":1613733590000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-69781-5_13"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"ISBN":["9783030697808","9783030697815"],"references-count":46,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-69781-5_13","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 February 2021","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"CPS4CIP","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Workshop on Cyber-Physical Security for Critical Infrastructures Protection","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Guildford","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"United Kingdom","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2020","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"18 September 2020","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"18 September 2020","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"1","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"cps4cip2020","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/sites.google.com\/fbk.eu\/cps4cip20","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Single-blind","order":1,"name":"type","label":"Type","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"EasyChair","order":2,"name":"conference_management_system","label":"Conference Management System","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"23","order":3,"name":"number_of_submissions_sent_for_review","label":"Number of Submissions Sent for Review","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"12","order":4,"name":"number_of_full_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Full Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"2","order":5,"name":"number_of_short_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Short Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"52% - The value is computed by the equation \"Number of Full Papers Accepted \/ Number of Submissions Sent for Review * 100\" and then rounded to a whole number.","order":6,"name":"acceptance_rate_of_full_papers","label":"Acceptance Rate of Full Papers","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3","order":7,"name":"average_number_of_reviews_per_paper","label":"Average Number of Reviews per Paper","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"1","order":8,"name":"average_number_of_papers_per_reviewer","label":"Average Number of Papers per Reviewer","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"Yes","order":9,"name":"external_reviewers_involved","label":"External Reviewers Involved","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"The conference was held online due to the COVID-19 pandemic.","order":10,"name":"additional_info_on_review_process","label":"Additional Info on Review Process","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}}]}}