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When predicting the environmental changes, the prediction may be uncertain, so it is necessary to verify and confirm an adaptation\u2019s consequences before execution. To resolve the uncertainty, probabilistic model checking (PMC) has been utilized for verification of adaptation tactics\u2019 effects on the goal of a self-adaptive system (SAS). However, PMC-based approaches have limitations on the state-explosion problem of complex SAS model verification and the modeling languages supported by the model checkers. In this paper, to overcome the limitations of the PMC-based approaches, we propose an efficient Proactive Adaptation approach based on STAtistical model checking (PASTA). Our approach allows SASs to mitigate the uncertainty of the future environment, faster than the PMC-based approach, by producing statistically sufficient samples for verification of adaptation tactics based on statistical model checking (SMC) algorithms. We provide algorithmic processes, a reference architecture, and an open-source implementation skeleton of PASTA for engineers to apply it for SAS development. We evaluate PASTA on two SASs using actual data and show that PASTA is efficient comparing to the PMC-based approach. We also provide a comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of PMC- and SMC-based proactive adaptation to guide engineers\u2019 decision-making for SAS development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-71500-7_15","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T13:12:14Z","timestamp":1616159534000},"page":"292-312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["PASTA: An Efficient Proactive Adaptation Approach Based on Statistical Model Checking for Self-Adaptive Systems"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6068-5054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong-Jun","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4293-945X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eunho","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3152-5219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doo-Hwan","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"15_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aichernig, B.K., Schumi, R.: Statistical model checking meets property-based testing. 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