{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:22:41Z","timestamp":1782346961150,"version":"3.54.5"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783030722395","type":"print"},{"value":"9783030722401","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-72240-1_13","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T14:49:01Z","timestamp":1617288541000},"page":"176-184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["BiGBERT: Classifying Educational Web Resources for Kindergarten-12$$^{th}$$ Grades"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Garrett","family":"Allen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brody","family":"Downs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aprajita","family":"Shukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Casey","family":"Kennington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerry Alan","family":"Fails","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine Landau","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Soledad","family":"Pera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"13_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdessamed, O., Zakaria, E.: Web site classification based on URL and content: algerian vs. non-algerian case. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Programming and Systems (ISPS), pp. 1\u20138. IEEE (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/ISPS.2015.7244974"},{"key":"13_CR2","unstructured":"Amazon, I.: Alexa top sites (2020). https:\/\/www.alexa.com\/topsites\/category. Accessed 17 Sept 2020"},{"key":"13_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anuyah, O., Azpiazu, I.M., Pera, M.S.: Using structured knowledge and traditional word embeddings to generate concept representations in the educational domain. In: Companion Proceedings of the World Wide Web Conference, pp. 274\u2013282 (2019)","DOI":"10.1145\/3308560.3316583"},{"key":"13_CR4","unstructured":"Bell, C., Bell, M.: Infotopia (2020). https:\/\/wwww.infotopia.info. Accessed 17 Aug 2020"},{"key":"13_CR5","volume-title":"Natural Language Processing with Python: Analyzing Text with the Natural Language Toolkit","author":"S Bird","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bird, S., Klein, E., Loper, E.: Natural Language Processing with Python: Analyzing Text with the Natural Language Toolkit. O\u2019Reilly Media Inc., Newton (2009)"},{"issue":"3","key":"13_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11704-018-7283-x","volume":"14","author":"W Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen, W., Cai, F., Chen, H., De Rijke, M.: Personalized query suggestion diversification in information retrieval. Front. Comput. Sci. 14(3), 1\u201314 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11704-018-7283-x","journal-title":"Front. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"13_CR7","unstructured":"Clavi\u00e9, B., Gal, K.: Edubert: pretrained deep language models for learning analytics. arXiv preprint arXiv:1912.00690 (2019)"},{"key":"13_CR8","unstructured":"Devlin, J., Chang, M.W., Lee, K., Toutanova, K.: Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.04805 (2018)"},{"key":"13_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eickhoff, C., Serdyukov, P., de Vries, A.P.: Web page classification on child suitability. In: Proceedings of the 19th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, pp. 1425\u20131428 (2010)","DOI":"10.1145\/1871437.1871638"},{"issue":"5","key":"13_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1108\/AJIM-11-2019-0309","volume":"72","author":"MD Ekstrand","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ekstrand, M.D., Wright, K.L., Pera, M.S.: Enhancing classroom instruction with online news. Aslib J. Inf. Manag. 72(5), 725\u2013744 (2020)","journal-title":"Aslib J. Inf. Manag."},{"key":"13_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elnaggar, A., Gebendorfer, C., Glaser, I., Matthes, F.: Multi-task deep learning for legal document translation, summarization and multi-label classification. In: Proceedings of the 2018 Artificial Intelligence and Cloud Computing Conference, pp. 9\u201315 (2018)","DOI":"10.1145\/3299819.3299844"},{"issue":"2","key":"13_CR12","first-page":"7","volume":"5","author":"WN Francis","year":"1979","unstructured":"Francis, W.N., Kucera, H.: Brown corpus manual. Lett. Editor 5(2), 7 (1979)","journal-title":"Lett. Editor"},{"key":"13_CR13","unstructured":"Garbe, W.: Symspell (2020). https:\/\/github.com\/wolfgarbe\/SymSpell"},{"key":"13_CR14","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-77116-8_44","volume-title":"Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing","author":"F Geraci","year":"2018","unstructured":"Geraci, F., Papini, T.: Approximating multi-class text classification via automatic generation of training examples. In: Gelbukh, A. (ed.) CICLing 2017. LNCS, vol. 10762, pp. 585\u2013601. Springer, Cham (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-77116-8_44"},{"key":"13_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hashemi, M.: Web page classification: a survey of perspectives, gaps, and future directions. Multimedia Tools Appl. 79, 11921\u201311945 (2020)","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-019-08373-8"},{"issue":"2","key":"13_CR16","first-page":"1","volume":"8","author":"S Hassan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hassan, S., Mihalcea, R.: Learning to identify educational materials. ACM Trans. Speech Lang. Process. (TSLP) 8(2), 1\u201318 (2008)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Speech Lang. Process. (TSLP)"},{"key":"13_CR17","unstructured":"Hoppe, A., Holtz, P., Kammerer, Y., Yu, R., Dietze, S., Ewerth, R.: Current challenges for studying search as learning processes. In: Proceedings of Learning and Education with Web Data (2018)"},{"key":"13_CR18","first-page":"246","volume":"235","author":"M Hughes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hughes, M., Li, I., Kotoulas, S., Suzumura, T.: Medical text classification using convolutional neural networks. Stud. Health Technol. Inf. 235, 246\u201350 (2017)","journal-title":"Stud. Health Technol. Inf."},{"key":"13_CR19","unstructured":"Initiative, CCSSO: Common core state standards for English language arts & literacy in history\/social studies, science, and technical subjects (2020). http:\/\/www.corestandards.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/ELA_Standards1.pdf"},{"issue":"5","key":"13_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2019.05.003","volume":"56","author":"Z Kastrati","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kastrati, Z., Imran, A.S., Yayilgan, S.Y.: The impact of deep learning on document classification using semantically rich representations. Inf. Process. Manag. 56(5), 1618\u20131632 (2019)","journal-title":"Inf. Process. Manag."},{"key":"13_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2019.01.078","volume":"337","author":"G Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu, G., Guo, J.: Bidirectional LSTM with attention mechanism and convolutional layer for text classification. Neurocomputing 337, 325\u2013338 (2019)","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"13_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nimmagadda, S.L., Zhu, D., Rudra, A.: Knowledge base smarter articulations for the open directory project in a sustainable digital ecosystem. In: Companion Proceedings of the International Conference on World Wide Web, pp. 1537\u20131545 (2017)","DOI":"10.1145\/3041021.3054769"},{"key":"13_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nowak, S., R\u00fcger, S.: How reliable are annotations via crowdsourcing: a study about inter-annotator agreement for multi-label image annotation. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Multimedia Information Retrieval, pp. 557\u2013566 (2010)","DOI":"10.1145\/1743384.1743478"},{"issue":"1","key":"13_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/coin.12158","volume":"34","author":"R Rajalakshmi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rajalakshmi, R., Aravindan, C.: A Naive Bayes approach for URL classification with supervised feature selection and rejection framework. Comput. Intell. 34(1), 363\u2013396 (2018)","journal-title":"Comput. Intell."},{"key":"13_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2020.03.260","volume":"167","author":"R Rajalakshmi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rajalakshmi, R., Tiwari, H., Patel, J., Kumar, A., Karthik, R.: Design of kids-specific URL classifier using recurrent convolutional neural network. Procedia Comput. Sci. 167, 2124\u20132131 (2020)","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"13_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rajalakshmi, R., Tiwari, H., Patel, J., Rameshkannan, R., Karthik, R.: Bidirectional GRU-based attention model for kid-specific URL classification. In: Deep Learning Techniques and Optimization Strategies in Big Data Analytics, pp. 78\u201390. IGI Global (2020)","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-7998-1192-3.ch005"},{"key":"13_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, D., et al.: Web-page classification through summarization. In: Proceedings of the 27th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, pp. 242\u2013249 (2004)","DOI":"10.1145\/1008992.1009035"},{"key":"13_CR28","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-3284-9_22","volume-title":"Intelligent Computing and Innovation on Data Science","author":"T Sreenivasulu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sreenivasulu, T., Jayakarthik, R., Shobarani, R.: Web content classification techniques based on fuzzy ontology. In: Peng, S.-L., Son, L.H., Suseendran, G., Balaganesh, D. (eds.) Intelligent Computing and Innovation on Data Science. LNNS, vol. 118, pp. 189\u2013197. Springer, Singapore (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-15-3284-9_22"},{"key":"13_CR29","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-32381-3_16","volume-title":"Chinese Computational Linguistics","author":"C Sun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sun, C., Qiu, X., Xu, Y., Huang, X.: How to fine-tune BERT for text classification? In: Sun, M., Huang, X., Ji, H., Liu, Z., Liu, Y. (eds.) CCL 2019. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 11856, pp. 194\u2013206. Springer, Cham (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32381-3_16"},{"key":"13_CR30","unstructured":"Tieleman, T., Hinton, G.: Lecture 6.5\u2013RmsProp: divide the gradient by a running average of its recent magnitude. COURSERA: Neural Netw. Mach. Learn. 4(2), 26\u201331 (2012)"},{"key":"13_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Usta, A., Altingovde, I.S., Vidinli, I.B., Ozcan, R., Ulusoy, \u00d6.: How k-12 students search for learning? Analysis of an educational search engine log. In: Proceedings of the 37th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research & Development in Information Retrieval, pp. 1151\u20131154 (2014)","DOI":"10.1145\/2600428.2609532"},{"issue":"11","key":"13_CR32","first-page":"880","volume":"6","author":"T Xia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xia, T.: Support vector machine based educational resources classification. Int. J. Inf. Educ. Technol. 6(11), 880 (2016)","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Educ. Technol."},{"key":"13_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yigit-Sert, S., Altingovde, I.S., Macdonald, C., Ounis, I., Ulusoy, \u00d6.: Explicit diversification of search results across multiple dimensions for educational search. J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol. (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/asi.24403","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.24403"},{"issue":"1","key":"13_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2018.10.013","volume":"56","author":"T Yilmaz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yilmaz, T., Ozcan, R., Altingovde, I.S., Ulusoy, \u00d6.: Improving educational web search for question-like queries through subject classification. Inf. Process. Manag. 56(1), 228\u2013246 (2019)","journal-title":"Inf. Process. Manag."},{"key":"13_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176600","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2953990","volume":"7","author":"S Yu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yu, S., Su, J., Luo, D.: Improving BERT-based text classification with auxiliary sentence and domain knowledge. IEEE Access 7, 176600\u2013176612 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"13_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100426","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2997969","volume":"8","author":"W Zhao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhao, W., Zhang, G., Yuan, G., Liu, J., Shan, H., Zhang, S.: The study on the text classification for financial news based on partial information. IEEE Access 8, 100426\u2013100437 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Advances in Information Retrieval"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-72240-1_13","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T15:07:00Z","timestamp":1617289620000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-72240-1_13"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"ISBN":["9783030722395","9783030722401"],"references-count":36,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-72240-1_13","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 March 2021","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"ECIR","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"European Conference on Information Retrieval","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2021","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"28 March 2021","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"1 April 2021","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"43","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"ecir2021","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/www.ecir2021.eu\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Double-blind","order":1,"name":"type","label":"Type","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"EasyChair","order":2,"name":"conference_management_system","label":"Conference Management System","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"436","order":3,"name":"number_of_submissions_sent_for_review","label":"Number of Submissions Sent for Review","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"50","order":4,"name":"number_of_full_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Full Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"39","order":5,"name":"number_of_short_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Short Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"11% - The value is computed by the equation \"Number of Full Papers Accepted \/ Number of Submissions Sent for Review * 100\" and then rounded to a whole number.","order":6,"name":"acceptance_rate_of_full_papers","label":"Acceptance Rate of Full Papers","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3","order":7,"name":"average_number_of_reviews_per_paper","label":"Average Number of Reviews per Paper","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3","order":8,"name":"average_number_of_papers_per_reviewer","label":"Average Number of Papers per Reviewer","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"Yes","order":9,"name":"external_reviewers_involved","label":"External Reviewers Involved","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}}]}}