{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T13:42:58Z","timestamp":1775569378025,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783030736026","type":"print"},{"value":"9783030736033","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-73603-3_23","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T06:04:19Z","timestamp":1617948259000},"page":"248-257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Security Challenges of Blockchain"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Yousuf","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S. B.","family":"Goyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pradeep","family":"Bedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"23_CR1","volume-title":"Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency Technologies: A Comprehensive Introduction","author":"A Narayanan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Narayanan, A., Bonneau, J., Felten, E., Miller, A., Goldfeder, S.: Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency Technologies: A Comprehensive Introduction. Princeton University Press, Princeton (2016)"},{"key":"23_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1504\/IJWGS.2018.095647","volume":"14","author":"Z Zheng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H.N., Wang, H.: Blockchain challenges and opportunities: a survey. Int. J. Web Grid Serv. 14, 352\u2013375 (2016)","journal-title":"Int. J. Web Grid Serv."},{"key":"23_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3416","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2842460","volume":"20","author":"M Conti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Conti, M., Kumar, S., Lal, C., Ruj, S.: A survey on security and privacy issues of bitcoin. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 20, 3416\u20133452 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"23_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2017.08.020","volume":"107","author":"X Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li, X., Jiang, P., Chen, T., Luo, X., Wen, Q.: A survey on the security of blockchain systems. Futur. Gener. Comput. Syst. 107, 841\u2013853 (2017)","journal-title":"Futur. Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"23_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karame, G.O., Androulaki, E., Capkun, S.: Double-spending fast payments in bitcoin. In: Proceedings of the 2012 ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security. ACM, pp. 906\u2013917 (2012)","DOI":"10.1145\/2382196.2382292"},{"issue":"7","key":"23_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1145\/3212998","volume":"61","author":"I Eyal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eyal, I., Sirer, E.G.: Majority is not enough: bitcoin mining is vulnerable. Commun. ACM 61(7), 95\u2013102 (2018)","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"23_CR7","unstructured":"Heilman, E., Kendler, A., Zohar, A., Goldberg, S.: Eclipse attacks on bitcoin\u2019s peer-to-peer network. In: USENIX Security Symposium, pp. 129\u2013144 (2015)"},{"key":"23_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meiklejohn, S., Pomarole, M., Jordan, G., Levchenko, K., McCoy, D., Voelker, G.M., Savage, S.: A fistful of bitcoins: characterizing payments among men with no names. In: Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Internet Measurement Conference. ACM, pp. 127\u2013140 (2013)","DOI":"10.1145\/2504730.2504747"},{"key":"23_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kosba, A., Miller, A., Shi, E., Wen, Z., Papamanthou, C.: Hawk: the blockchain model of cryptography and privacy-preserving smart contracts. In: 2016 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP). IEEE, pp. 839\u2013858 (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2016.55"},{"key":"23_CR10","unstructured":"Nakamoto, S.: Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System (2008)"},{"key":"23_CR11","volume-title":"Blockchain for Dummies","author":"M Gupta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gupta, M.: Blockchain for Dummies. IBM Limited Edition, US (2017)"},{"key":"23_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bae, J., Lim, H.: Random mining group selection to prevent 51% attacks on bitcoin. In: 2018 48th Annual IEEE\/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks Workshops (DSN-W). IEEE, pp. 81\u201382 (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/DSN-W.2018.00040"},{"issue":"1","key":"23_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1137\/0218012","volume":"18","author":"S Goldwasser","year":"1989","unstructured":"Goldwasser, S., Micali, S., Rackoff, C.: The knowledge complexity of interactive proof systems. SIAM J. Comput. 18(1), 186\u2013208 (1989)","journal-title":"SIAM J. Comput."},{"key":"23_CR14","unstructured":"Rosenfeld, M.: Analysis of hashrate-based double spending, arXiv preprint arXiv:1402.2009 (2014)"},{"key":"23_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Camenisch, J., Michels, M.: Separability and efficiency for generic group signature schemes. In: Annual International Cryptology Conference, pp. 413\u2013430. Springer, Heidelberg (1999)","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-48405-1_27"},{"key":"23_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, R., Preneel, B.: Publish or perish: a backward-compatible defense against selfish mining in bitcoin. In: Cryptographers\u2019 Track at the RSA Conference, pp. 277\u2013292. Springer, Cham (2017)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-52153-4_16"},{"key":"23_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vasek, M., Thornton, M., Moore, T.: Empirical analysis of denial- of-service attacks in the Bitcoin ecosystem. In: International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security, pp. 57\u201371. Springer, Heidelberg (2014)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-44774-1_5"},{"issue":"1","key":"23_CR18","first-page":"61","volume":"42","author":"CC Yang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yang, C.C., Chang, T.Y., Hwang, M.S.: A new group signature scheme based on RSA assumption. Inf. Technol. Control 42(1), 61\u201366 (2013)","journal-title":"Inf. Technol. Control"},{"key":"23_CR19","unstructured":"Rosenfeld, M.: Analysis of hashrate-based double spending (2014). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1402.2009"},{"key":"23_CR20","first-page":"2012","volume":"248","author":"G Karame","year":"2012","unstructured":"Karame, G., Androulaki, E., Capkun, S.: Two bitcoins at the price of one? Double-spending attacks on fast payments in bitcoin. IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive 248, 2012 (2012)","journal-title":"IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive"},{"key":"23_CR21","unstructured":"Eyal, I., Sirer, E.G.: How to disincentivize large Bitcoin mining Pools (2014)"},{"key":"23_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, X., Thang, S.M., Li, Y., Deng, R.H.: Fair deposits against double-spending for Bitcoin transactions (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/DESEC.2017.8073796"},{"key":"23_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruffing, T., Kate, A., Schr\u00f6der, D.: Liar, liar, coins on fire!: Penalizing equivocation by loss of bitcoins. In: Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, pp. 219\u2013230. ACM (2015)","DOI":"10.1145\/2810103.2813686"},{"key":"23_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Delerabl\u00e9e, C., Pointcheval, D.: Dynamic fully anonymous short group signatures. In: Progress in Cryptology-VIETCRYPT 2006, pp. 193\u2013210. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)","DOI":"10.1007\/11958239_13"},{"key":"23_CR25","unstructured":"Maxwell, G.: CoinJoin: Bitcoin privacy for the real world. In: Post on Bitcoin forum (2013)"},{"key":"23_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heilman, E.: One weird trick to stop selfish miners: fresh Bitcoins, a solution for the honest miner. In: International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security, pp. 161\u2013162. Springer, Heidelberg (2014)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-44774-1_12"},{"key":"23_CR27","unstructured":"Solat, S., Potop-Butucaru, M.: ZeroBlock:Timestamp-Free Prevention of Block-Withholding Attack in Bitcoin (2016). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/1605.02435.pdf"},{"key":"23_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boneh, D., Boyen, X., Shacham, H.: Short group signatures. In: Annual International Cryptology Conference, pp. 41\u201355. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-28628-8_3"},{"key":"23_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaum, D., van Heyst, E.: Group signatures. In: Workshop on the Theory and Application of Cryptographic Techniques, pp. 257\u2013265. Springer, Heidelberg (1991)","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-46416-6_22"},{"issue":"3","key":"23_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1145\/2695533.2695545","volume":"42","author":"I Bentov","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bentov, I., Lee, C., Mizrahi, A., Rosenfeld, M.: Proof of activity: extending bitcoin\u2019s proof of work via proof of stake [extended abstract] y. ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Eval. Rev. 42(3), 34\u201337 (2014)","journal-title":"ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Eval. Rev."},{"key":"23_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonneau, J., Narayanan, A., Miller, A., Clark, J., Kroll, J.A., Felten, E.W.: Mixcoin: anonymity for bitcoin with accountable mixes. In: International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security, pp. 486\u2013504. Springer (2014)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-45472-5_31"},{"key":"23_CR32","unstructured":"Moser, M.: Anonymity of bitcoin transactions: an analysis of mixing services. In: Proceedings of M\u00fcnster Bitcoin Conference, M\u00fcnster, Germany, pp. 17\u201318 (2013)"},{"key":"23_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valenta, L., Rowan, B.: Blindcoin: blinded, accountable mixes for bitcoin. In: International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security, pp. 112\u2013126. Springer, Heidelberg (2015)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-48051-9_9"},{"key":"23_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miers, I., Garman, C., Green, M., Rubin, A.D.: Zerocoin: anonymous distributed e-cash from bitcoin. In: 2013 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP), pp. 397\u2013411. IEEE (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2013.34"},{"key":"23_CR35","unstructured":"Sasson, E.B., Chiesa, A., Garman, C., Greem, M., Miers, I., Tromer, E., Virza, M.: Zerocash: decentralized anonymous payments from bitcoin. In: 2014 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP). IEEE, pp. 459\u2013474 (2014)"},{"key":"23_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson, B., Laszka, A., Grossklags, J., Vasek, M., Moore, T.: Game-theoretic analysis of DDoS attacks against Bitcoin mining pools. In: International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security, pp. 72\u201378. Springer, Heidelberg (2014)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-44774-1_6"}],"container-title":["Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing","Innovations in Bio-Inspired Computing and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-73603-3_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T06:16:54Z","timestamp":1617949014000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-73603-3_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"ISBN":["9783030736026","9783030736033"],"references-count":36,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-73603-3_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["2194-5357","2194-5365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2194-5357","type":"print"},{"value":"2194-5365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 April 2021","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"IBICA","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Innovations in Bio-Inspired Computing and Applications","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2020","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"16 December 2020","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"18 December 2020","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"11","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"ibica2020","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"http:\/\/www.mirlabs.net\/ibica20\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}