{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T10:34:04Z","timestamp":1755599644278,"version":"3.40.3"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783030782696"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783030782702"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-78270-2_76","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]],"date-time":"2021-06-11T17:03:12Z","timestamp":1623430992000},"page":"427-432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A Comparison of Hints vs. Scaffolding in a MOOC with Adult Learners"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Yiqiu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Juan Miguel","family":"Andres-Bray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Hutt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Korinn","family":"Ostrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ryan S.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"76_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.3102\/0034654316670999","volume":"87","author":"BR Belland","year":"2017","unstructured":"Belland, B.R., Walker, A.E., Kim, N.J., Lefler, M.: Synthesizing results from empirical research on computer-based scaffolding in STEM education: a meta-analysis. Rev. Educ. Res. 87, 309\u2013344 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3102\/0034654316670999","journal-title":"Rev. Educ. Res."},{"key":"76_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11774303_63","volume-title":"International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, vol 4053, pp 635\u2013644","author":"L Razzaq","year":"2006","unstructured":"Razzaq, L., Heffernan, N.T.: Scaffolding vs. hints in the assistment system. In: Ikeda, M., Ashley, K.D., Chan, T.W. (eds.) International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, vol 4053, pp 635\u2013644. Springer, Heidelberg (2006). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/11774303_63"},{"key":"76_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1037\/a0037123","volume":"106","author":"W Ma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ma, W., Adesope, O.O., Nesbit, J.C., Liu, Q.: Intelligent tutoring systems and learning outcomes: a meta-analysis. J. Educ. Psychol. 106, 901\u2013918 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0037123","journal-title":"J. Educ. Psychol."},{"issue":"2","key":"76_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-017-9419-1","volume":"30","author":"NJ Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim, N.J., Belland, B.R., Walker, A.E.: Effectiveness of computer-based scaffolding in the context of problem-based learning for stem education: Bayesian meta-analysis. Educ. Psychol. Rev. 30(2), 397\u2013429 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10648-017-9419-1","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"76_CR5","first-page":"7","volume":"23","author":"S Narciss","year":"2013","unstructured":"Narciss, S.: Designing and evaluating tutoring feedback strategies for digital learning. Digit. Educ. Rev. 23, 7\u201326 (2013)","journal-title":"Digit. Educ. Rev."},{"key":"76_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-8827-8_36","volume-title":"Beyond Knowledge: The Legacy of Competence","author":"A Proske","year":"2008","unstructured":"Proske, A., Narciss, S.: Supporting prewriting activities in academic writing by computer-based scaffolds: is more support more meaningful? In: Zumbach, J., Schwartz, N., Seufert, T., Kester, L. (eds.) Beyond Knowledge: The Legacy of Competence, pp. 275\u2013284. Springer, Dordrecht (2008). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4020-8827-8_36"},{"key":"76_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.3102\/003465430298487","volume":"77","author":"J Hattie","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hattie, J., Timperley, H.: The power of feedback. Rev. Educ. Res. 77, 81\u2013112 (2007). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3102\/003465430298487","journal-title":"Rev. Educ. Res."},{"key":"76_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/0034654307313795","author":"VJ Shute","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shute, V.J.: Focus on formative feedback. Rev. Educ. Res. (2008). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3102\/0034654307313795","journal-title":"Rev. Educ. Res."},{"key":"76_CR9","unstructured":"Mory, E.H.: Feedback research revisited. In: Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, pp. 745\u2013783 (1996)"},{"key":"76_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2729.2011.00476.x","volume":"28","author":"A Devolder","year":"2012","unstructured":"Devolder, A., van Braak, J., Tondeur, J.: Supporting self-regulated learning in computer-based learning environments: systematic review of effects of scaffolding in the domain of science education. J. Comput. Assist. Learn. 28, 557\u2013573 (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2729.2011.00476.x","journal-title":"J. Comput. Assist. Learn."},{"key":"76_CR11","unstructured":"Baker, R.S.: Big data in education. University of Pennsylvania (2020). https:\/\/www.edx.org\/course\/big-data-and-education"},{"key":"76_CR12","first-page":"245","volume":"7","author":"C Severance","year":"2010","unstructured":"Severance, C., Hanss, T., Hardin, J.: IMS learning tools interoperability: enabling a mash-up approach to teaching and learning tools. Technol. Instr. Cogn. Learn. 7, 245\u2013262 (2010)","journal-title":"Technol. Instr. Cogn. Learn."},{"key":"76_CR13","unstructured":"IMS Learning Tools Interoperability 2.0. http:\/\/www.imsglobal.org\/lti-v2-introduction"},{"issue":"4","key":"76_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1007\/s40593-014-0024-x","volume":"24","author":"NT Heffernan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Heffernan, N.T., Heffernan, C.L.: The ASSISTments ecosystem: building a platform that brings scientists and teachers together for minimally invasive research on human learning and teaching. Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ. 24(4), 470\u2013497 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40593-014-0024-x","journal-title":"Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ."},{"key":"76_CR15","unstructured":"EdX: EdX Research Guide (2020). https:\/\/edx.readthedocs.io\/projects\/devdata\/en\/latest\/using\/package.html"},{"key":"76_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1109\/TLT.2018.2856808","volume":"12","author":"PM Moreno-Marcos","year":"2019","unstructured":"Moreno-Marcos, P.M., Alario-Hoyos, C., Munoz-Merino, P.J., et al.: Prediction in MOOCs: a review and future research directions. IEEE Trans. Learn. Technol. 12, 384\u2013401 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TLT.2018.2856808","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Learn. Technol."},{"key":"76_CR17","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Baker, R.S., Paquette, L.: Behavioral predictors of MOOC post-course development. In: CEUR Workshop Proceedings, pp. 100\u2013111 (2017)"},{"key":"76_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Roll, I., Baker, R.S.J.d., Aleven, V., Koedinger, K.R.: On the benefits of seeking (and avoiding) help in online problem-solving environments. J. Learn. Sci. 23, 537\u2013560 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10508406.2014.883977","DOI":"10.1080\/10508406.2014.883977"},{"key":"76_CR19","unstructured":"Razzaq, L., Heffernan, N.T., Lindeman, R.W.: What level of tutor interaction is best? In: Artificial Intelligence in Education, pp. 222\u2013229 (2007)"},{"key":"76_CR20","first-page":"38","volume":"15","author":"D Ifenthaler","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ifenthaler, D.: Determining the effectiveness of prompts for self-regulated learning in problem-solving scenarios. Educ. Technol. Soc. 15, 38\u201352 (2012)","journal-title":"Educ. Technol. Soc."},{"key":"76_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.2307\/1174362","volume":"8","author":"DV Tiedeman","year":"1979","unstructured":"Tiedeman, D.V., Knowles, M.: The adult learner: a neglected species. Educ. Res. 8, 20\u201322 (1979). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1174362","journal-title":"Educ. Res."},{"key":"76_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022777","volume":"137","author":"T Sitzmann","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sitzmann, T., Ely, K.: A meta-analysis of self-regulated learning in work-related training and educational attainment: what we know and where we need to go. Psychol. Bull. 137, 421\u2013442 (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0022777","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Artificial Intelligence in Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-78270-2_76","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]],"date-time":"2021-06-11T17:13:38Z","timestamp":1623431618000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-78270-2_76"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"ISBN":["9783030782696","9783030782702"],"references-count":22,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-78270-2_76","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0302-9743"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1611-3349"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 June 2021","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"AIED","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Utrecht","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"The Netherlands","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2021","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"14 June 2021","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"18 June 2021","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"22","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"aied2021","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/aied2021.science.uu.nl\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Double-blind","order":1,"name":"type","label":"Type","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"EasyChair","order":2,"name":"conference_management_system","label":"Conference Management System","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"209","order":3,"name":"number_of_submissions_sent_for_review","label":"Number of Submissions Sent for Review","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"40","order":4,"name":"number_of_full_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Full Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"76","order":5,"name":"number_of_short_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Short Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"19% - The value is computed by the equation \"Number of Full Papers Accepted \/ Number of Submissions Sent for Review * 100\" and then rounded to a whole number.","order":6,"name":"acceptance_rate_of_full_papers","label":"Acceptance Rate of Full Papers","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"4","order":7,"name":"average_number_of_reviews_per_paper","label":"Average Number of Reviews per Paper","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"5","order":8,"name":"average_number_of_papers_per_reviewer","label":"Average Number of Papers per Reviewer","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"Yes","order":9,"name":"external_reviewers_involved","label":"External Reviewers Involved","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"Due to the COVID-19 pandemic the conference was held online.","order":10,"name":"additional_info_on_review_process","label":"Additional Info on Review Process","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}}]}}