{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T01:11:49Z","timestamp":1743124309438,"version":"3.40.3"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783030841850"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783030841867"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-84186-7_1","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,7]],"date-time":"2021-08-07T10:03:42Z","timestamp":1628330622000},"page":"3-15","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reducing Length Bias in Scoring Neural Machine Translation via a Causal Inference Method"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Xuewen","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heyan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Jian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Kun","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2004.00360.x","volume":"46","author":"K Baba","year":"2004","unstructured":"Baba, K., Shibata, R., Sibuya, M.: Partial correlation and conditional correlation as measures of conditional independence. Austr. New Zealand J. Stat. 46(4), 657\u2013664 (2004)","journal-title":"Austr. New Zealand J. Stat."},{"key":"1_CR2","unstructured":"Bahdanau, D., Cho, K., Bengio, Y.: Neural machine translation by jointly learning to align and translate. In: Bengio, Y., LeCun, Y. (eds.) 3rd International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2015, San Diego, CA, USA, 7\u20139 May 2015, Conference Track Proceedings (2015)"},{"key":"1_CR3","unstructured":"Boulanger-Lewandowski, N., Bengio, Y., Vincent, P.: Audio chord recognition with recurrent neural networks. In: de Souza Britto, A., Jr., Gouyon, F., Dixon, S. (eds.) Proceedings of the 14th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference, ISMIR 2013, Curitiba, Brazil, 4\u20138 November 2013, pp. 335\u2013340 (2013)"},{"key":"1_CR4","unstructured":"Che, W., Li, Z., Liu, T.: LTP: a Chinese language technology platform. In: Coling 2010: Demonstrations, pp. 13\u201316. Coling 2010 Organizing Committee, Beijing, August 2010"},{"key":"1_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cho, K., van Merri\u00ebnboer, B., Bahdanau, D., Bengio, Y.: On the properties of neural machine translation: encoder-decoder approaches. In: Proceedings of SSST-8, Eighth Workshop on Syntax, Semantics and Structure in Statistical Translation, pp. 103\u2013111. Association for Computational Linguistics, Doha, October 2014","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/W14-4012"},{"key":"1_CR6","unstructured":"Gehring, J., Auli, M., Grangier, D., Yarats, D., Dauphin, Y.N.: Convolutional sequence to sequence learning. In: Precup, D., Teh, Y.W. (eds.) Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2017, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 6\u201311 August 2017. Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, vol. 70, pp. 1243\u20131252. PMLR (2017)"},{"key":"1_CR7","unstructured":"He, W., He, Z., Wu, H., Wang, H.: Improved neural machine translation with SMT features. In: Schuurmans, D., Wellman, M.P. (eds.) Proceedings of the Thirtieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Phoenix, Arizona, USA, 12\u201317 February 2016, pp. 151\u2013157. AAAI Press (2016)"},{"key":"1_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, L., Zhao, K., Ma, M.: When to finish? Optimal beam search for neural text generation (modulo beam size). In: Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp. 2134\u20132139. Association for Computational Linguistics, Copenhagen, September 2017","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D17-1227"},{"key":"1_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jean, S., Firat, O., Cho, K., Memisevic, R., Bengio, Y.: Montreal neural machine translation systems for WMT 2015. In: Proceedings of the Tenth Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation, pp. 134\u2013140. Association for Computational Linguistics, Lisbon, September 2015","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W15-3014"},{"key":"1_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klein, G., Kim, Y., Deng, Y., Senellart, J., Rush, A.: OpenNMT: open-source toolkit for neural machine translation. In: Proceedings of ACL 2017, System Demonstrations, pp. 67\u201372. Association for Computational Linguistics, Vancouver, July 2017","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P17-4012"},{"key":"1_CR11","volume-title":"Statistical Machine Translation","author":"P Koehn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Koehn, P.: Statistical Machine Translation. Cambridge University Press, New York (2010)"},{"key":"1_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koehn, P., et al.: Moses: open source toolkit for statistical machine translation. In: Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions, pp. 177\u2013180. Association for Computational Linguistics, Prague, June 2007","DOI":"10.3115\/1557769.1557821"},{"key":"1_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koehn, P., Knowles, R.: Six challenges for neural machine translation. In: Proceedings of the First Workshop on Neural Machine Translation, pp. 28\u201339. Association for Computational Linguistics, Vancouver, August 2017","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W17-3204"},{"key":"1_CR14","unstructured":"Li, J., Jurafsky, D.: Mutual information and diverse decoding improve neural machine translation. CoRR abs\/1601.00372 (2016)"},{"key":"1_CR15","unstructured":"Ma, X.: Champollion: a robust parallel text sentence aligner. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2006). European Language Resources Association (ELRA), Genoa, Italy, May 2006"},{"key":"1_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meister, C., Cotterell, R., Vieira, T.: If beam search is the answer, what was the question? In: Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 2173\u20132185. Association for Computational Linguistics, Online, November 2020","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.emnlp-main.170"},{"key":"1_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murray, K., Chiang, D.: Correcting length bias in neural machine translation. In: Proceedings of the Third Conference on Machine Translation: Research Papers, pp. 212\u2013223. Association for Computational Linguistics, Brussels, October 2018","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W18-6322"},{"key":"1_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Och, F.J.: Minimum error rate training in statistical machine translation. In: Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 160\u2013167. Association for Computational Linguistics, Sapporo, July 2003","DOI":"10.3115\/1075096.1075117"},{"key":"1_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Och, F.J., Ney, H.: Discriminative training and maximum entropy models for statistical machine translation. In: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 295\u2013302. Association for Computational Linguistics, Philadelphia, July 2002","DOI":"10.3115\/1073083.1073133"},{"key":"1_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papineni, K., Roukos, S., Ward, T., Zhu, W.J.: Bleu: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation. In: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 311\u2013318. Association for Computational Linguistics, Philadelphia, July 2002","DOI":"10.3115\/1073083.1073135"},{"key":"1_CR21","first-page":"2825","volume":"12","author":"F Pedregosa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pedregosa, F., et al.: Scikit-learn: machine learning in Python. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 12, 2825\u20132830 (2011)","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"issue":"27","key":"1_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7391","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1511656113","volume":"113","author":"B Sch\u00f6lkopf","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sch\u00f6lkopf, B., et al.: Modeling confounding by half-sibling regression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 113(27), 7391\u20137398 (2016)","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"1_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sennrich, R., Haddow, B., Birch, A.: Neural machine translation of rare words with subword units. In: Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), pp. 1715\u20131725. Association for Computational Linguistics, Berlin, August 2016","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P16-1162"},{"key":"1_CR24","unstructured":"Specia, L., et al.: Findings of the WMT 2020 shared task on quality estimation. In: Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Machine Translation, pp. 743\u2013764. Association for Computational Linguistics, Online, November 2020"},{"key":"1_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stahlberg, F., Byrne, B.: On NMT search errors and model errors: cat got your tongue? In: Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP), pp. 3356\u20133362. Association for Computational Linguistics, Hong Kong, November 2019","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D19-1331"},{"key":"1_CR26","unstructured":"Sutskever, I., Vinyals, O., Le, Q.V.: Sequence to sequence learning with neural networks. In: Ghahramani, Z., Welling, M., Cortes, C., Lawrence, N.D., Weinberger, K.Q. (eds.) Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 27: Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2014, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 8\u201313 December 2014, pp. 3104\u20133112 (2014)"},{"key":"1_CR27","unstructured":"Vaswani, A., et al.: Attention is all you need. In: Guyon, I., et al. (eds.) Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 30: Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2017, Long Beach, CA, USA, 4\u20139 December 2017, pp. 5998\u20136008 (2017)"},{"key":"1_CR28","unstructured":"Wu, Y., et al.: Google\u2019s neural machine translation system: bridging the gap between human and machine translation. CoRR abs\/1609.08144 (2016)"},{"key":"1_CR29","series-title":"Communications in Computer and Information Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-1721-1_11","volume-title":"Machine Translation","author":"M Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang, M., et al.: CCMT 2019 machine translation evaluation report. In: Huang, S., Knight, K. (eds.) CCMT 2019. CCIS, vol. 1104, pp. 105\u2013128. Springer, Singapore (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-15-1721-1_11"},{"key":"1_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Y., Huang, L., Ma, M.: Breaking the beam search curse: a study of (re-)scoring methods and stopping criteria for neural machine translation. In: Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp. 3054\u20133059. Association for Computational Linguistics, Brussels, October\u2013November 2018","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D18-1342"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Chinese Computational Linguistics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-84186-7_1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T00:45:54Z","timestamp":1725583554000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-84186-7_1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"ISBN":["9783030841850","9783030841867"],"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-84186-7_1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0302-9743"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1611-3349"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 August 2021","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"CCL","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"China National Conference on Chinese Computational Linguistics","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Hohhot","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"China","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2021","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"13 August 2021","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"15 August 2021","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"20","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"cncl2021","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"http:\/\/www.cips-cl.org\/static\/CCL2021\/en\/index.html","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Double-blind","order":1,"name":"type","label":"Type","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"www.softconf.com","order":2,"name":"conference_management_system","label":"Conference Management System","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"90","order":3,"name":"number_of_submissions_sent_for_review","label":"Number of Submissions Sent for Review","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"31","order":4,"name":"number_of_full_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Full Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"0","order":5,"name":"number_of_short_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Short Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"34% - The value is computed by the equation \"Number of Full Papers Accepted \/ Number of Submissions Sent for Review * 100\" and then rounded to a whole number.","order":6,"name":"acceptance_rate_of_full_papers","label":"Acceptance Rate of Full Papers","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3","order":7,"name":"average_number_of_reviews_per_paper","label":"Average Number of Reviews per Paper","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3","order":8,"name":"average_number_of_papers_per_reviewer","label":"Average Number of Papers per Reviewer","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"Yes","order":9,"name":"external_reviewers_involved","label":"External Reviewers Involved","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}}]}}