{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T07:05:05Z","timestamp":1763535905109,"version":"3.40.3"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783030863234"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783030863241"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-86324-1_24","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T19:03:28Z","timestamp":1630955008000},"page":"202-214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Clustering and Classifying Users from the National Museums Liverpool Website"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2972-8233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Walsh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1739-175X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Clough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0081-4277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark Michael","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0380-6088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank","family":"Hopfgartner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9439-0884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"24_CR1","unstructured":"Hadley, W.: COVID-19 impact museum sector research findings (2020). Accessed 23 Mar 2021"},{"key":"24_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Skov, M., Ingwersen, P.: Exploring information seeking behaviour in a digital museum context. In: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Information Interaction in Context, IIiX 2008. ACM, New York, pp. 110\u2013115 (2008)","DOI":"10.1145\/1414694.1414719"},{"key":"24_CR3","unstructured":"Case, D.: Looking for Information: A Survey of Research on Information Seeking, Needs, and Behavior. Library and Information Science (2007)"},{"issue":"5","key":"24_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.4630330517","volume":"33","author":"RS Taylor","year":"1982","unstructured":"Taylor, R.S.: Value-added processes in the information life cycle. J. Am. Society Inf. Sci. 33(5), 341\u2013346 (1982)","journal-title":"J. Am. Society Inf. Sci."},{"key":"24_CR5","unstructured":"Johnson, A.: Users, use and context: supporting interaction between users and digital archives. In: What Are Archives?: Cultural and Theoretical Perspectives: A Reader, pp. 145\u2013164 (2008)"},{"issue":"1","key":"24_CR6","first-page":"38","volume":"9","author":"M Whitelaw","year":"2015","unstructured":"Whitelaw, M.: Generous interfaces for digital cultural collections. Digit. Hum. Q. 9(1), 38 (2015)","journal-title":"Digit. Hum. Q."},{"key":"24_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-044481862-1.50069-8","volume-title":"Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction","author":"RB Allen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Allen, R.B.: Chapter 3 - mental models and user models. In: Helander, M.G., Landauer, T.K., Prabhu, P.V. (eds.) Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction, 2nd edn., pp. 49\u201363. North-Holland, Amsterdam (1997)","edition":"2"},{"key":"24_CR8","unstructured":"Cifter, A.S., Dong, H.: User characteristics: professional vs. lay users (2009)"},{"key":"24_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salminen, J., Jung, S.G., Chowdhury, S., Robillos, D.R., Jansen, B.: The ability of personas: an empirical evaluation of altering incorrect preconceptions about users. Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud. 153, 102645 (2021)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2021.102645"},{"key":"24_CR10","unstructured":"Walsh, D., Hall, M.: Just looking around: supporting casual users initial encounters with digital cultural heritage. In: Gade, M., et al. (eds.) Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Supporting Complex Search Tasks colocated with the 37th European Conference on Information Retrieval (ECIR 2015), Volume 1338 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings. CEUR-WS.org, March 2015"},{"key":"24_CR11","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-67008-9_34","volume-title":"Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries","author":"D Walsh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Walsh, D., Hall, M., Clough, P., Foster, J.: The ghost in the museum website: investigating the general public\u2019s interactions with museum websites. In: Kamps, J., Tsakonas, G., Manolopoulos, Y., Iliadis, L., Karydis, I. (eds.) TPDL 2017. LNCS, vol. 10450, pp. 434\u2013445. Springer, Cham (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-67008-9_34"},{"issue":"1","key":"24_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s00799-018-0248-8","volume":"21","author":"D Walsh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Walsh, D., Hall, M.M., Clough, P., Foster, J.: Characterising online museum users: a study of the national museums Liverpool museum website. Int. J. Digit. Libr. 21(1), 75\u201387 (2020)","journal-title":"Int. J. Digit. Libr."},{"issue":"2","key":"24_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1080\/10645578.2019.1668679","volume":"22","author":"E Villaespesa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Villaespesa, E.: Museum collections and online users: development of a segmentation model for the metropolitan museum of art. Visitor Stud. 22(2), 233\u2013252 (2019)","journal-title":"Visitor Stud."},{"key":"24_CR14","unstructured":"Walsh, D., Clough, P., Foster, J.: User categories for digital cultural heritage. In: Clough, P., Goodale, P., Agosti, M., Lawless, S., (eds.) Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Accessing Cultural Heritage at Scale co-located with Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 2016 (JCDL 2016), Volume 1611 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings. CEUR-WS.org, June 2016"},{"issue":"5","key":"24_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1504\/IJTEL.2011.042100","volume":"3","author":"E Pantano","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pantano, E.: Virtual cultural heritage consumption: a 3d learning experience. Int. J. Technol. Enhanced Learn. 3(5), 482\u2013495 (2011)","journal-title":"Int. J. Technol. Enhanced Learn."},{"issue":"1","key":"24_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lisr.2005.11.006","volume":"28","author":"PF Marty","year":"2006","unstructured":"Marty, P.F.: Meeting user needs in the modern museum: profiles of the new museum information professional. Libr. Inf. Sci. Res. 28(1), 128\u2013144 (2006)","journal-title":"Libr. Inf. Sci. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"24_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1369-6513.2001.00106.x","volume":"4","author":"C Hogg","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hogg, C., Williamson, C.: Whose interests do lay people represent? Towards an understanding of the role of lay people as members of committees. Health Expect. 4(1), 2\u20139 (2001)","journal-title":"Health Expect."},{"key":"24_CR18","series-title":"Communications in Computer and Information Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-14136-7_16","volume-title":"Information Literacy. Lifelong Learning and Digital Citizenship in the 21st Century","author":"P Vilar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vilar, P., \u0160auperl, A.: Archival literacy: different users, different information needs, behaviour and skills. In: Kurbano\u011flu, S., \u0160piranec, S., Grassian, E., Mizrachi, D., Catts, R. (eds.) ECIL 2014. CCIS, vol. 492, pp. 149\u2013159. Springer, Cham (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-14136-7_16"},{"key":"24_CR19","unstructured":"Kelly, L.: The interrelationships between adult museum visitors\u2019 learning identities and their museum experiences, chap. 3. Methodology, pp. 3\u201346 (2007)"},{"key":"24_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Skov, M.: The reinvented museum: exploring information seeking behaviour in a digital museum context. Ph.D. thesis, K\u00f8benhavns Universitet \u2018K\u00f8benhavns Universitet\u2019, Faculty of Humanities, School of Library and Information Science, Royal School of Library and Information Science (2009, unpublished thesis)","DOI":"10.1145\/1414694.1414719"},{"key":"24_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elsweiler, D., Wilson, M.L., Lunn, B.K.: Chapter 9 understanding casual-leisure information behaviour. In: New Directions in Information Behaviour (Library and Information Science, Volume 1) Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 1, pp. 211\u2013241 (2011)","DOI":"10.1108\/S1876-0562(2011)002011a012"},{"key":"24_CR22","unstructured":"Spellerberg, M., Granata, E., Wambold, S.: Visitor-first, mobile-first: designing a visitor-centric mobile experience. In: Museums and the Web (2016)"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"24_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s11257-011-9104-x","volume":"22","author":"L Ardissono","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ardissono, L., Kuflik, T., Petrelli, D.: Personalization in cultural heritage: the road travelled and the one ahead. User Model. User-Adap. Inter. 22(1\u20132), 73\u201399 (2012)","journal-title":"User Model. User-Adap. Inter."},{"key":"24_CR24","volume-title":"Identity and the Museum Visitor Experience","author":"JH Falk","year":"2009","unstructured":"Falk, J.H.: Identity and the Museum Visitor Experience. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek (2009)"},{"issue":"2","key":"24_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1080\/09647779800301702","volume":"17","author":"B Booth","year":"1998","unstructured":"Booth, B.: Understanding the information needs of visitors to museums. Museum Manage. Curatorsh. 17(2), 139\u2013157 (1998)","journal-title":"Museum Manage. Curatorsh."},{"key":"24_CR26","unstructured":"Sweetnam, M., Siochru, M., Agosti, M., Manfioletti, M., Orio, N., Ponchia, C.: Stereotype or spectrum: designing for a user continuum. In: The Proceedings of the First Workshop on the Exploration, Navigation and Retrieval of Information in Cultural Heritage, ENRICH (2013)"},{"key":"24_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krantz, A., Korn, R., Menninger, M.: Rethinking museum visitors: using k-means cluster analysis to explore a museum\u2019s audience. Curator Museum J. 52(4), 363\u2013374 (2009)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2151-6952.2009.tb00358.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"24_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.2167\/jht010.0","volume":"1","author":"GP Nyaupane","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nyaupane, G.P., White, D.D., Budruk, M.: Motive-based tourist market segmentation: an application to native American cultural heritage sites in Arizona, USA. J. Herit. Tour. 1(2), 81\u201399 (2006)","journal-title":"J. Herit. Tour."},{"key":"24_CR29","unstructured":"Ackerman, M., Ben-David, S., Loker, D.: Towards property-based classification of clustering paradigms. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 10\u201318 (2010)"},{"key":"24_CR30","unstructured":"Ackerman, M., Ben-David, S., Loker, D.: Characterization of linkage-based clustering. In: COLT, pp. 270\u2013281 (2010)"},{"key":"24_CR31","unstructured":"Ackerman, M., Ben-David, S.: Discerning linkage-based algorithms among hierarchical clustering methods. In: Twenty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (2011)"},{"key":"24_CR32","unstructured":"Ackerman, M., Ben-David, S., Br\u00e2nzei, S., Loker, D.: Weighted clustering. In: Twenty-Sixth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (2012)"},{"issue":"1","key":"24_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1108\/JCHMSD-07-2015-0025","volume":"6","author":"JG Brida","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brida, J.G., Meleddu, M., Pulina, M.: Understanding museum visitors\u2019 experience: a comparative study. J. Cult. Herit. Manage. Sustain. Develop. 6(1), 47\u201371 (2016)","journal-title":"J. Cult. Herit. Manage. Sustain. Develop."},{"issue":"2","key":"24_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s00357-006-0018-y","volume":"23","author":"W Qiu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Qiu, W., Joe, H.: Generation of random clusters with specified degree of separation. J. Classif. 23(2), 315\u2013334 (2006)","journal-title":"J. Classif."},{"key":"24_CR35","unstructured":"Brickey, J., Walczak, S., Burgess, T.: A comparative analysis of persona clustering methods. In: AMCIS, p. 217 (2010)"},{"key":"24_CR36","unstructured":"Van der Maaten, L., Hinton, G.: Visualizing data using t-SNE. J. Machine Learn. Res. 9(11) (2008)"},{"key":"24_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2018.10.026","volume":"88","author":"A Adolfsson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Adolfsson, A., Ackerman, M., Brownstein, N.C.: To cluster, or not to cluster: an analysis of clusterability methods. Pattern Recogn. 88, 13\u201326 (2019)","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn."},{"issue":"1","key":"24_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-83340-8","volume":"11","author":"G Preud\u2019homme","year":"2021","unstructured":"Preud\u2019homme, G., et al.: Head-to-head comparison of clustering methods for heterogeneous data: a simulation-driven benchmark. Sci. Rep. 11(1), 1\u201314 (2021)","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"24_CR39","unstructured":"Kaufman, L., Rousseeuw, P.J.: Finding Groups in Data: An Introduction to Cluster Analysis, vol. 344. Wiley, Hoboken (2009)"},{"issue":"1","key":"24_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","volume":"45","author":"L Breiman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Breiman, L.: Random forests. Mach. Learn. 45(1), 5\u201332 (2001)","journal-title":"Mach. Learn."}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Linking Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-86324-1_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,8]],"date-time":"2023-01-08T18:38:50Z","timestamp":1673203130000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-86324-1_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"ISBN":["9783030863234","9783030863241"],"references-count":40,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-86324-1_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0302-9743"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1611-3349"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 September 2021","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"TPDL","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2021","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"13 September 2021","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"17 September 2021","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"25","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"tpdl2021","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"http:\/\/www.tpdl.eu\/tpdl2021\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Double-blind","order":1,"name":"type","label":"Type","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"EasyChair","order":2,"name":"conference_management_system","label":"Conference Management System","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"53","order":3,"name":"number_of_submissions_sent_for_review","label":"Number of Submissions Sent for Review","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"10","order":4,"name":"number_of_full_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Full Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3","order":5,"name":"number_of_short_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Short Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"19% - The value is computed by the equation \"Number of Full Papers Accepted \/ Number of Submissions Sent for Review * 100\" and then rounded to a whole number.","order":6,"name":"acceptance_rate_of_full_papers","label":"Acceptance Rate of Full Papers","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3.04","order":7,"name":"average_number_of_reviews_per_paper","label":"Average Number of Reviews per Paper","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"2.3","order":8,"name":"average_number_of_papers_per_reviewer","label":"Average Number of Papers per Reviewer","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"Yes","order":9,"name":"external_reviewers_involved","label":"External Reviewers Involved","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}}]}}