{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T03:46:48Z","timestamp":1773978408009,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":14,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783030889418","type":"print"},{"value":"9783030889425","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-88942-5_6","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,9]],"date-time":"2021-10-09T05:14:15Z","timestamp":1633756455000},"page":"67-77","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["An Analysis of Performance Metrics for Imbalanced Classification"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4305-1396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Gabriel","family":"Gaudreault","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9917-3694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3357-1195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Gama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"6_CR1","first-page":"255","volume":"17","author":"J Alcal\u00e1-Fdez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alcal\u00e1-Fdez, J., et al.: Keel data-mining software tool: data set repository, integration of algorithms and experimental analysis framework. J. Multi-valued Logic Soft Comput. 17, 255\u2013287 (2011)","journal-title":"J. Multi-valued Logic Soft Comput."},{"issue":"2","key":"6_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2907070","volume":"49","author":"P Branco","year":"2016","unstructured":"Branco, P., Torgo, L., Ribeiro, R.P.: A survey of predictive modeling on imbalanced domains. ACM Comput. Surv. 49(2), 1\u201350 (2016)","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv."},{"key":"6_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davis, J., Goadrich, M.: The relationship between precision-recall and ROC curves. In: Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2006, pp. 233\u2013240. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA (2006)","DOI":"10.1145\/1143844.1143874"},{"key":"6_CR4","first-page":"1","volume":"31","author":"T Fawcett","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fawcett, T.: ROC graphs: notes and practical considerations for researchers. Mach. Learn. 31, 1\u201338 (2004)","journal-title":"Mach. Learn."},{"issue":"8","key":"6_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2005.10.010","volume":"27","author":"T Fawcett","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fawcett, T.: An introduction to roc analysis. Pattern Recogn. Lett. 27(8), 861\u2013874 (2006)","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"6_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2008.08.010","volume":"30","author":"C Ferri","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ferri, C., Hern\u00e1ndez-Orallo, J., Modroiu, R.: An experimental comparison of performance measures for classification. Pattern Recogn. Lett. 30(1), 27\u201338 (2009)","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn. Lett."},{"key":"6_CR7","unstructured":"Flach, P.A., Kull, M.: Precision-recall-gain curves: PR analysis done right. In: NIPS, vol. 15 (2015)"},{"issue":"9","key":"6_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2008.239","volume":"21","author":"H He","year":"2009","unstructured":"He, H., Garcia, E.A.: Learning from imbalanced data. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 21(9), 1263\u20131284 (2009)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng."},{"key":"6_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Japkowicz, N.: Assessment metrics for imbalanced learning, chap. 8, pp. 187\u2013206. Wiley (2013)","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118646106.ch8"},{"key":"6_CR10","unstructured":"Krippendorff, K.: Computing Krippendorff\u2019s Alpha-Reliability (January 2011)"},{"key":"6_CR11","unstructured":"Kubat, M., Matwin, S., et al.: Addressing the curse of imbalanced training sets: one-sided selection. In: ICML, vol. 97, pp. 179\u2013186. Citeseer (1997)"},{"key":"6_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511809071","volume-title":"Introduction to Information Retrieval","author":"CD Manning","year":"2008","unstructured":"Manning, C.D., Raghavan, P., Sch\u00fctze, H.: Introduction to Information Retrieval. Cambridge University Press, USA (2008)"},{"issue":"3","key":"6_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118432","volume":"10","author":"T Saito","year":"2015","unstructured":"Saito, T., Rehmsmeier, M.: The precision-recall plot is more informative than the ROC plot when evaluating binary classifiers on imbalanced datasets. PLOS ONE 10(3), 1\u201321 (2015)","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"6_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Su, W., Yuan, Y., Zhu, M.: A relationship between the average precision and the area under the ROC curve. In: Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on the Theory of Information Retrieval, pp. 349\u2013352 (2015)","DOI":"10.1145\/2808194.2809481"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Discovery Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-88942-5_6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,9]],"date-time":"2021-10-09T05:16:00Z","timestamp":1633756560000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-88942-5_6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"ISBN":["9783030889418","9783030889425"],"references-count":14,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-88942-5_6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 October 2021","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"DS","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Discovery Science","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Halifax, NS","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Canada","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2021","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"11 October 2021","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"13 October 2021","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"24","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"dis2021","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/ds2021.cs.dal.ca\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Single-blind","order":1,"name":"type","label":"Type","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"EasyChair","order":2,"name":"conference_management_system","label":"Conference Management System","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"76","order":3,"name":"number_of_submissions_sent_for_review","label":"Number of Submissions Sent for Review","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"15","order":4,"name":"number_of_full_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Full Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"21","order":5,"name":"number_of_short_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Short Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"20% - The value is computed by the equation \"Number of Full Papers Accepted \/ Number of Submissions Sent for Review * 100\" and then rounded to a whole number.","order":6,"name":"acceptance_rate_of_full_papers","label":"Acceptance Rate of Full Papers","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"2.8","order":7,"name":"average_number_of_reviews_per_paper","label":"Average Number of Reviews per Paper","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3.9","order":8,"name":"average_number_of_papers_per_reviewer","label":"Average Number of Papers per Reviewer","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"Yes","order":9,"name":"external_reviewers_involved","label":"External Reviewers Involved","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the conference took place online.","order":10,"name":"additional_info_on_review_process","label":"Additional Info on Review Process","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}}]}}