{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T21:38:06Z","timestamp":1757453886566,"version":"3.40.3"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":404,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783030926151"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783030926168"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-92616-8_2","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,14]],"date-time":"2022-03-14T07:02:41Z","timestamp":1647241361000},"page":"19-59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The Immunogenetics of Alopecia areata"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Fateme","family":"Rajabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fahimeh","family":"Abdollahimajd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Navid","family":"Jabalameli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mansour","family":"Nassiri Kashani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7274-4840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alireza","family":"Firooz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abd El-Raheem T, Mahmoud RH, Hefzy EM, Masoud M, Ismail R, Aboraia NM (2020) Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1-308 G\/A gene polymorphism (rs1800629) in Egyptian patients with alopecia areata and vitiligo, a laboratory and in silico analysis. Plos One 15:e0240221","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0240221"},{"key":"2_CR2","unstructured":"Abdelaziz AR (2020) Genetic and environmental determinants of Alopecia areata. Columbia University, City"},{"key":"2_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abramovits W, Losornio M (2006) Failure of two TNF\u2010\u03b1 blockers to influence the course of Alopecia Areata. SKINmed Dermatol Clin 5:177\u2013183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-9740.2006.05443.x"},{"key":"2_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14753","volume":"59","author":"P Acharya","year":"2020","unstructured":"Acharya P, Mathur MC (2020) Oxidative stress in alopecia areata: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Dermatol 59:434\u2013440","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR5","first-page":"156","volume":"14","author":"A Ahmet","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ahmet A, Orkunoglu FE, Ozata M, Sengul A, Gur AR (2004) Lack of association between Vitamin D receptor FokI polymorphism and alopecia areata. Eur J Dermatol 14:156\u2013158","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-1811(02)00015-4","volume":"29","author":"A Akar","year":"2002","unstructured":"Akar A, Arca E, Erbil H, Akay C, Sayal A, G\u00fcr AR (2002) Antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in the scalp of patients with alopecia areata. J Dermatol Sci 29:85\u201390","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"2_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2007.03140.x","volume":"46","author":"A Akar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Akar A, Orkunoglu FE, Tunca M, Ta\u015ftan HB, Kurumlu Z (2007) Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms are not associated with alopecia areata. Int J Dermatol 46:927\u2013929","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.2147\/TACG.S226664","volume":"12","author":"LN Al-Eitan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Al-Eitan LN, Al Momani RO, Al Momani KK, Al Warawrah AM, Aljamal HA, Alghamdi MA, Muhanna AM, Al-Qarqaz FA (2019) Candidate gene analysis of alopecia areata in Jordanian population of Arab Descent: a case-control study. Appl Clin Genet 12:221","journal-title":"Appl Clin Genet"},{"key":"2_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-016-3179-z","volume":"35","author":"S AlFadhli","year":"2016","unstructured":"AlFadhli S, Al-Mutairi M, Al Tameemi B, Nizam R (2016) Influence of MX1 promoter rs2071430 G\/T polymorphism on susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rheumatol 35:623\u2013629","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1080\/08916930802113252","volume":"41","author":"S AlFadhli","year":"2008","unstructured":"AlFadhli S, Nj K, Al-Tememy B, Nanda A, Rebai A (2008) Susceptible and protective endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphism in alopecia areata in the Kuwaiti population. Autoimmunity 41:522\u2013525","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"2_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2013.01.002","volume":"150","author":"S AlFadhli","year":"2013","unstructured":"AlFadhli S, Nanda A (2013) Genetic evidence for the involvement of NOTCH4 in rheumatoid arthritis and alopecia areata. Immunol Lett 150:130\u2013133","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"2_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-013-0228-7","volume":"14","author":"S AlFadhli","year":"2014","unstructured":"AlFadhli S, Nanda A (2014) Genetic analysis of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and interleukin-1\u03b2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms C\u2212 511T and C+ 3953T in alopecia areata: susceptibility and severity association. Clin Exp Med 14:197\u2013202","journal-title":"Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"2_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2005.tb00830.x","volume":"32","author":"C Aliagaoglu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Aliagaoglu C, Pirim I, Atasoy M, Egerci N, Aktas A (2005) Association between alopecia areata and HLA class I and II in Turkey. J Dermatol 32:711\u2013714","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/S2171-9748(11)70012-5","volume":"15","author":"R Alves","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alves R, Ferrando J (2011) Alopecia areata and Down\u2019s syndrome. Int Med Rev down Syn 15:34\u201336","journal-title":"Int Med Rev down Syn"},{"key":"2_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1358\/dof.2015.040.05.2247446","volume":"40","author":"A Alzolibani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alzolibani A, Al Robaee A, Al Shobaili H, Bin Saif G, Ali A, Settin A (2015a) IL23R R381Q and NOS3 E298D gene polymorphisms in alopecia areata. Drugs Future 40:311\u2013315","journal-title":"Drugs Future"},{"key":"2_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1097\/01.EPX.0000461326.05328.d3","volume":"90","author":"AA Alzolibani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alzolibani AA, Al Robaee AA, Al Shobaili HA, Saif GB, Al-Saif F, Ali A, Settin A (2015b) Interleukin-4\u2212 590 T> C and interleukin-4 receptor Q551R A> G gene polymorphisms in Saudi cases with alopecia areata. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 90:20\u201323","journal-title":"J Egypt Public Health Assoc"},{"key":"2_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbacli.2016.03.006","volume":"5","author":"AA Alzolibani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alzolibani AA, Rasheed Z, Saif GB, Al-Dhubaibi MS, Al Robaee AA (2016) Altered expression of intracellular Toll-like receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with alopecia areata. BBA Clinical 5:134\u2013142","journal-title":"BBA Clinical"},{"key":"2_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2010.02.018","volume":"71","author":"A Antoun","year":"2010","unstructured":"Antoun A, Jobson S, Cook M, O\u2019Callaghan CA, Moss P, Briggs DC (2010) Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis of the NKG2D ligand cluster on the long arm of chromosome 6: extensive polymorphisms and evidence of diversity between human populations. Hum Immunol 71:610\u2013620","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5693","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.12.5693","volume":"160","author":"RS Apte","year":"1998","unstructured":"Apte RS, Sinha D, Mayhew E, Wistow G, Niederkorn J (1998) Cutting edge: role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in inhibiting NK cell activity and preserving immune privilege. J Immunol 160:5693\u20135696","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-016-8817-7","volume":"65","author":"M-T Arango","year":"2017","unstructured":"Arango M-T, Perricone C, Kivity S, Cipriano E, Ceccarelli F, Valesini G, Shoenfeld Y (2017) HLA-DRB1 the notorious gene in the mosaic of autoimmunity. Immunol Res 65:82\u201398","journal-title":"Immunol Res"},{"key":"2_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asz-Sigall D, Ortega-Springall MF, Smith-Pliego M, Rodr\u00edguez-Lobato E, Martinez-Velasco MA, Arenas R, Vincenzi C, Tosti A (2019) White hair in alopecia areata: clinical forms and proposed physiopathological mechanisms. J Am Acad Dermatol","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.12.047"},{"key":"2_CR22","unstructured":"Ates O (2017) Analysis of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms in alopecia areata"},{"key":"2_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Attia EA, El Shennawy D, Sefin A (2010) Serum interleukin-4 and total immunoglobulin E in nonatopic alopecia areata patients and HLA-DRB1 typing. Dermatol Res Pract","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/503587"},{"key":"2_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12808","volume":"55","author":"MA Atwa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Atwa MA, Youssef N, Bayoumy NM (2016) T-helper 17 cytokines (interleukins 17, 21, 22, and 6, and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1) in patients with alopecia areata: association with clinical type and severity. Int J Dermatol 55:666\u2013672","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v5.i3.316","volume":"5","author":"G Auburger","year":"2014","unstructured":"Auburger G, Gispert S, Lahut S, \u00d6m\u00fcr \u00d6, Damrath E, Heck M, Ba\u015fak N (2014) 12q24 locus association with type 1 diabetes: SH2B3 or ATXN2? World J Diab 5:316","journal-title":"World J Diab"},{"key":"2_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060514549784","volume":"43","author":"N Aytekin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aytekin N, Akcali C, Pehlivan S, Kirtak N, Inaloz S (2015) Investigation of interleukin-12, interleukin-17 and interleukin-23 receptor gene polymorphisms in alopecia areata. J Int Med Res 43:526\u2013534","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"2_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02602661","volume":"44","author":"S Bahram","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bahram S, Mizuki N, Inoko H, Spies T (1996) Nucleotide sequence of the human MHC class I MICA gene. Immunogenetics 44:80\u201381","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"2_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3482","volume":"48","author":"JNC Bailey","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bailey JNC, Loomis SJ, Kang JH, Allingham RR, Gharahkhani P, Khor CC, Burdon KP, Aschard H, Chasman DI, Igo RP (2016) Genome-wide association analysis identifies TXNRD2, ATXN2 and FOXC1 as susceptibility loci for primary open-angle glaucoma. Nat Genet 48:189\u2013194","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2_CR29","first-page":"130","volume":"182","author":"K Bain","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bain K, McDonald E, Moffat F, Tutino M, Castelino M, Barton A, Cavanagh J, Ijaz U, Siebert S, McInnes I (2020) Alopecia areata is characterized by dysregulation in systemic type 17 and type 2 cytokines, which may contribute to disease-associated psychological morbidity. Br J Dermatol 182:130\u2013137","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-013-0036-6","volume":"15","author":"OA Bakry","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bakry OA, Elshazly RMA, Shoeib MAM, Gooda A (2014) Oxidative stress in alopecia areata: a case\u2013control study. Am J Clin Dermatol 15:57\u201364","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202x.2001.01676.x","volume":"118","author":"N Barahamani","year":"2002","unstructured":"Barahamani N, De Andrade M, Slusser J, Zhang Q, Duvic M (2002a) Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist allele 2 and familial alopecia areata. J Investig Dermatol 118:335\u2013337","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202x.2001.01676.x","volume":"118","author":"N Barahamani","year":"2002","unstructured":"Barahamani N, Duvic M, de Andrade M, Slusser J, Zhang Q (2002b) Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist allele 2 and familial alopecia areata. J Investig Dermatol 118:335\u2013337","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700009","volume":"126","author":"N Barahmani","year":"2006","unstructured":"Barahmani N, De Andrade M, Slusser JP, Zhang Q, Duvic M (2006) Major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene A polymorphisms and extended haplotypes are associated with familial alopecia areata. J Investig Dermatol 126:74\u201378","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2009.03523.x","volume":"35","author":"N Barahmani","year":"2010","unstructured":"Barahmani N, Lopez A, Babu D, Hernandez M, Donley S, Duvic M (2010) Serum T helper 1 cytokine levels are greater in patients with alopecia areata regardless of severity or atopy. Clin Exp Dermatol Exp Dermatol 35:409\u2013416","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197211000-00004","volume":"176","author":"CF Barker","year":"1972","unstructured":"Barker CF, Billingham R (1972) Analysis of local anatomic factors that influence the survival times of pure epidermal and full-thickness skin homografts in guinea pigs. Ann Surg 176:597","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5428.727","volume":"285","author":"S Bauer","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bauer S, Groh V, Wu J, Steinle A, Phillips JH, Lanier LL, Spies T (1999) Activation of NK cells and T cells by NKG2D, a receptor for stress-inducible MICA. Science 285:727\u2013729","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/83713","volume":"27","author":"CL Bennett","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bennett CL, Christie J, Ramsdell F, Brunkow ME, Ferguson PJ, Whitesell L, Kelly TE, Saulsbury FT, Chance PF, Ochs HD (2001) The immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome (IPEX) is caused by mutations of FOXP3. Nat Genet 27:20\u201321","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14155","volume":"29","author":"M Bertolini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bertolini M, McElwee K, Gilhar A, Bulfone-Paus S, Paus R (2020) Hair follicle immune privilege and its collapse in alopecia areata. Exp Dermatol 29:703\u2013725","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR39","first-page":"389","volume":"158","author":"R Betz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Betz R, K\u00f6nig K, Flaquer A, Redler S, Eigelshoven S, Kort\u00fcm AK, Hanneken S, Hillmer A, T\u00fcting T, Lambert J (2008) The R620W polymorphism in PTPN22 confers general susceptibility for the development of alopecia areata. Br J Dermatol 158:389\u2013391","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6966","volume":"6","author":"RC Betz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Betz RC, Petukhova L, Ripke S, Huang H, Menelaou A, Redler S, Becker T, Heilmann S, Yamany T, Duvic M (2015a) Genome-wide meta-analysis in alopecia areata resolves HLA associations and reveals two new susceptibility loci. Nat Commun 6:1\u20138","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Betz RC, Petukhova L, Ripke S, Huang H, Menelaou A, Redler S, Becker T, Heilmann S, Yamany T, Duvic M (2015) Genome-wide meta-analysis in alopecia areata resolves HLA associations and reveals two new susceptibility loci. Nat Commun 6","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6966"},{"key":"2_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2013.09.003","volume":"75","author":"DG Bhanusali","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bhanusali DG, Sachdev A, Olson MA, Gerlach JA, Sinha AA (2014) PTPN22 profile indicates a novel risk group in alopecia areata. Hum Immunol 75:81\u201387","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5765","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401417","volume":"193","author":"RJ Binder","year":"2014","unstructured":"Binder RJ (2014) Functions of heat shock proteins in pathways of the innate and adaptive immune system. J Immunol 193:5765\u20135771","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR44","first-page":"438","volume":"19","author":"G Bizzaro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bizzaro G, Antico A, Fortunato A, Bizzaro N (2017) Vitamin D and autoimmune diseases: is vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphism the culprit. Isr Med Assoc J 19:438\u2013443","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"key":"2_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2000.00828.x","volume":"114","author":"C Bodemer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bodemer C, de Prost Y, Peuchmaur M, Fraitaig S, Chatenoud L, Brousse N (2000) Role of cytotoxic T cells in chronic alopecia areata. J Investig Dermatol 114:112\u2013116","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1177\/120347541201600407","volume":"16","author":"C Bolduc","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bolduc C, Bissonnette R (2012) Safety and efficacy of adalimumab for the treatment of severe alopecia areata: case series of three patients. J Cutan Med Surg 16:257\u2013260","journal-title":"J Cutan Med Surg"},{"key":"2_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2008.83","volume":"10","author":"DR Booth","year":"2009","unstructured":"Booth DR, Heard RN, Stewart GJ, Goris A, Dobosi R, Dubois B, Lorentzen \u00c5R, Celius EG, Harbo HF, Spurkland A (2009) The expanding genetic overlap between multiple sclerosis and type I diabetes. Genes Immun 10:11","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"key":"2_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/S1534-5807(01)00083-1","volume":"1","author":"P Bouillet","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bouillet P, Cory S, Zhang L-C, Strasser A, Adams JM (2001) Degenerative disorders caused by Bcl-2 deficiency prevented by loss of its BH3-only antagonist Bim. Dev Cell 1:645\u2013653","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"2_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-015-1535-8","volume":"134","author":"NC Bramswig","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bramswig NC, L\u00fcdecke H-J, Alanay Y, Albrecht B, Barthelmie A, Boduroglu K, Braunholz D, Caliebe A, Chrzanowska KH, Czeschik JC (2015) Exome sequencing unravels unexpected differential diagnoses in individuals with the tentative diagnosis of Coffin-Siris and Nicolaides-Baraitser syndromes. Hum Genet 134:553\u2013568","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"2_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-016-0509-9","volume":"11","author":"R Buchert","year":"2016","unstructured":"Buchert R, Nesbitt AI, Tawamie H, Krantz ID, Medne L, Helbig I, Matalon DR, Reis A, Santani A, Sticht H (2016) SPATA5 mutations cause a distinct autosomal recessive phenotype of intellectual disability, hypotonia and hearing loss. Orphanet J Rare Dis 11:1\u20137","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"2_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2011.04.032","volume":"585","author":"GL Burn","year":"2011","unstructured":"Burn GL, Svensson L, Sanchez-Blanco C, Saini M, Cope AP (2011) Why is PTPN22 a good candidate susceptibility gene for autoimmune disease? FEBS Lett 585:3689\u20133698","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"2_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2009.09.005","volume":"79","author":"F Campbell","year":"2010","unstructured":"Campbell F, Xu H, El-Tanani M, Crowe P, Bingham V (2010) The yin and yang of vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling in neoplastic progression: operational networks and tissue-specific growth control. Biochem Pharmacol 79:1\u20139","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"2_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80275-7","volume":"5","author":"JE Castro","year":"1996","unstructured":"Castro JE, Listman JA, Jacobson BA, Wang Y, Lopez PA, Ju S, Finn PW, Perkins DL (1996) Fas modulation of apoptosis during negative selection of thymocytes. Immunity 5:617\u2013627","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Celik SD, Ates O (2018) Genetic analysis of interleukin 18 gene polymorphisms in alopecia areata. J Clin Lab Anal 32:e22386","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.22386"},{"key":"2_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mingorance G\u00e1mez CG, Mart\u00ednez Chamorro A, Moreno Casares AM, Tercedor S\u00e1nchez J, Arias\u2010Santiago S, Garc\u00eda\u2010Lora E, L\u00f3pez\u2010Nevot MA (2020) Joint study of the associations of HLA-B and the transmembrane STR polymorphism of MICA with alopecia areata shows independent associations of both of them with the disease. Clin Exp Dermatol","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.14208"},{"key":"2_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chai M, Jiang M, Vergnes L, Fu X, de Barros SC, Doan NB, Huang W, Chu J, Jiao J, Herschman H (2019) Stimulation of hair growth by small molecules that activate autophagy. Cell Rep 27:3413\u20133421. e3413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.05.070"},{"key":"2_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.05.092","volume":"346","author":"NJ Chalupny","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chalupny NJ, Rein-Weston A, Dosch S, Cosman D (2006) Down-regulation of the NKG2D ligand MICA by the human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein UL142. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 346:175\u2013181","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80406-9","volume":"7","author":"CA Chambers","year":"1997","unstructured":"Chambers CA, Sullivan TJ, Allison JP (1997) Lymphoproliferation in CTLA-4\u2013deficient mice is mediated by costimulation-dependent activation of CD4+ T cells. Immunity 7:885\u2013895","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1093\/jmcb\/mjp004","volume":"2","author":"W Chen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chen W, Konkel JE (2010) TGF-beta and \u201cadaptive\u201d Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. J Mol Cell Biol 2:30\u201336","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3181a75633","volume":"87","author":"X Cheng","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cheng X, Dai H, Wan N, Moore Y, Vankayalapati R, Dai Z (2009) Interaction of programmed death-1 and programmed death-1 ligand-1 contributes to testicular immune privilege. Transplantation 87:1778\u20131786","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"2_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng X, Ma X, Ding X, Li L, Jiang X, Shen Z, Chen S, Liu W, Gong W, Sun Q (2017) Pacer mediates the function of class III PI3K and HOPS complexes in autophagosome maturation by engaging Stx17. Mol Cell 65:1029\u20131043. e1025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.02.010"},{"key":"2_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(02)00552-8","volume":"184","author":"C Cheung","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cheung C, Davies NG, Hoog J-O, Hotchkiss SA, Pease CKS (2003) Species variations in cutaneous alcohol dehydrogenases and aldehyde dehydrogenases may impact on toxicological assessments of alcohols and aldehydes. Toxicology 184:97\u2013112","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"2_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1038\/358764a0","volume":"358","author":"RM Chicz","year":"1992","unstructured":"Chicz RM, Urban RG, Lane WS, Gorga JC, Stern LJ, Vignali DA, Strominger JL (1992) Predominant naturally processed peptides bound to HLA-DR1 are derived from MHC-related molecules and are heterogeneous in size. Nature 358:764\u2013768","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1038\/ni982","volume":"4","author":"RK Chin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chin RK, Lo JC, Kim O, Blink SE, Christiansen PA, Peterson P, Wang Y, Ware C, Fu Y-X (2003) Lymphotoxin pathway directs thymic Aire expression. Nat Immunol 4:1121\u20131127","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR65","first-page":"207","volume":"9","author":"G Chodorowska","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chodorowska G, Dabrowska-Czlonka M, Bartosinska J, Jazienicka I, Wawrzycki B, Kowal M (2007) The level of interleukin 12 and interleukin 18 in alopecia areata patients-a pilot study. Dermatologia Kliniczna 9:207","journal-title":"Dermatologia Kliniczna"},{"key":"2_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2000.03464.x","volume":"142","author":"T Christoph","year":"2000","unstructured":"Christoph T, M\u00fcller-R\u00f6ver S, Audring H, Tobin D, Hermes B, Cotsarelis G, R\u00fcckert R, Paus R (2000) The human hair follicle immune system: cellular composition and immune privilege. Br J Dermatol 142:862\u2013873","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.898","volume":"43","author":"X Chu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chu X, Pan C-M, Zhao S-X, Liang J, Gao G-Q, Zhang X-M, Yuan G-Y, Li C-G, Xue L-Q, Shen M (2011) A genome-wide association study identifies two new risk loci for Graves\u2019 disease. Nat Genet 43:897","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.05.012","volume":"149","author":"H Clevers","year":"2012","unstructured":"Clevers H, Nusse R (2012) Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling and disease. Cell 149:1192\u20131205","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07166.x","volume":"154","author":"S Collins","year":"2006","unstructured":"Collins S, Dominguez M, Ilmarinen T, Costigan C, Irvine A (2006) Dermatological manifestations of autoimmune polyendocrinopathy\u2013candidiasis\u2013ectodermal dystrophy syndrome. Br J Dermatol 154:1088\u20131093","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-012-0224-3","volume":"14","author":"G Conteduca","year":"2014","unstructured":"Conteduca G, Rossi A, Megiorni F, Parodi A, Ferrera F, Tardito S, Battaglia F, Kalli F, Negrini S, Pizzuti A (2014) Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter regions of Foxp3 and ICOSLG genes are associated with alopecia areata. Clin Exp Med 14:91\u201397","journal-title":"Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"2_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(05)70393-4","volume":"14","author":"MJ Cork","year":"1996","unstructured":"Cork MJ, Crane AM, Duff GW (1996) Genetic control of cytokines: cytokine gene polymorphisms in alopecia areata. Dermatol Clin 14:671\u2013678","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"2_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15S","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1995.37","volume":"104","author":"MJ Cork","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cork MJ, Tarlow JK, Clay FE, Crane A, Blakemore A, McDonagh A, Messenger AG, Duff GW (1995a) An allele of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist as a genetic severity factor in alopecia areata. J Invest Dermatol 104:15S-16S","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cork MJ, Tarlow JK, Clay FE, Crane A, Blakemore AI, McDonagh AJ, Messenger AG, Duff GW (1995) An allele of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist as a genetic severity factor in alopecia areata. J Invest Dermatol 104","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1995.37"},{"key":"2_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.03.001","volume":"34","author":"N Cornelius","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cornelius N, Wardman JH, Hargreaves IP, Neergheen V, Bie AS, T\u00fcmer Z, Nielsen JE, Nielsen TT (2017) Evidence of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) patient fibroblasts: effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on these parameters. Mitochondrion 34:103\u2013114","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"2_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(01)00095-4","volume":"14","author":"D Cosman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cosman D, M\u00fcllberg J, Sutherland CL, Chin W, Armitage R, Fanslow W, Kubin M, Chalupny NJ (2001) ULBPs, novel MHC class I\u2013related molecules, bind to CMV glycoprotein UL16 and stimulate NK cytotoxicity through the NKG2D receptor. Immunity 14:123\u2013133","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1159\/000092831","volume":"213","author":"CM Da Costa","year":"2006","unstructured":"Da Costa CM, Dupont E, Van der Cruys M, Andrien M, Hidajat M, Song M, Stene J (2006) Earlier occurrence of severe alopecia areata in HLA-DRB1* 11-positive patients. Dermatology 213:12\u201314","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"2_CR77","unstructured":"Daneri Becerra CdR, Galigniana MD (2016) Regulatory role of heat-shock proteins in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases"},{"key":"2_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00697","volume":"7","author":"W Dankers","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dankers W, Colin EM, van Hamburg JP, Lubberts E (2017) Vitamin D in autoimmunity: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Front Immunol 7:697","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2010.02.006","volume":"38","author":"V Decot","year":"2010","unstructured":"Decot V, Voillard L, Latger-Cannard V, Aissi-Roth\u00e9 L, Perrier P, Stoltz JF, Bensoussan D (2010) Natural-killer cell amplification for adoptive leukemia relapse immunotherapy: comparison of three cytokines, IL-2, IL-15, or IL-7 and impact on NKG2D, KIR2DL1, and KIR2DL2 expression. Exp Hematol 38:351\u2013362","journal-title":"Exp Hematol"},{"key":"2_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2015.04.007","volume":"68","author":"SN Deffit","year":"2015","unstructured":"Deffit SN, Blum JS (2015) A central role for HSC70 in regulating antigen trafficking and MHC class II presentation. Mol Immunol 68:85\u201388","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR81","first-page":"389","volume":"52","author":"CM Denkinger","year":"2004","unstructured":"Denkinger CM, Metz C, Fingerle-Rowson G, Denkinger MD, Forsthuber T (2004) Macrophage migration inhibitory factor and its role in autoimmune diseases. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (warsz) 52:389\u2013400","journal-title":"Arch Immunol Ther Exp (warsz)"},{"key":"2_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dennis A-G, Almaguer-Mederos LE, Ra\u00fal R-A, Roberto R-L, Luis V-P, Dany C-A, Yanetza G-Z, Yaime\u00e9 V-M, Anneli\u00e9 E-D, Arnoy P-A (2021) Redox imbalance associates with clinical worsening in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2. Oxidat Med Cellul Longevity","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9875639"},{"key":"2_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2011.06.023","volume":"82","author":"J Devalli\u00e8re","year":"2011","unstructured":"Devalli\u00e8re J, Charreau B (2011) The adaptor Lnk (SH2B3): an emerging regulator in vascular cells and a link between immune and inflammatory signaling. Biochem Pharmacol 82:1391\u20131402","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"2_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2394","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.20.11.2394","volume":"20","author":"R Dewberry","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dewberry R, Holden H, Crossman D, Francis S (2000) Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist expression in human endothelial cells and atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 20:2394\u20132400","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14147","volume":"520","author":"J Diao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Diao J, Liu R, Rong Y, Zhao M, Zhang J, Lai Y, Zhou Q, Wilz LM, Li J, Vivona S (2015) ATG14 promotes membrane tethering and fusion of autophagosomes to endolysosomes. Nature 520:563\u2013566","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dinarello CA (2007) Interleukin-18 and the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. In: (eds) Seminars in nephrology. Elsevier, pp 98\u2013114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2006.09.013"},{"key":"2_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3685","volume":"20","author":"SJ Divito","year":"2014","unstructured":"Divito SJ, Kupper TS (2014) Inhibiting Janus kinases to treat alopecia areata. Nat Med 20:989\u2013990","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2004.23314.x","volume":"123","author":"RP Donn","year":"2004","unstructured":"Donn RP, Plant D, Jury F, Richards HL, Worthington J, Ray DW, Griffiths CE (2004) Macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene polymorphism is associated with psoriasis. J Investig Dermatol 123:484\u2013487","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.12.010","volume":"30","author":"PJ Dubin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dubin PJ, Kolls JK (2009) Interleukin-17A and interleukin-17F: a tale of two cytokines. Immunity 30:9\u201311","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duvic M, Hordinsky MK, Fiedler VC, O\u2019brien WR, Young R, Reveille JD (1991) HLA-D locus associations in alopecia areata: DRw52a may confer disease resistance. Arch Dermatol 127:64\u201368","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.127.1.64"},{"key":"2_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00263","volume":"10","author":"CJ Dwyer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dwyer CJ, Knochelmann HM, Smith AS, Wyatt MM, Rangel Rivera GO, Arhontoulis DC, Bartee E, Li Z, Rubinstein MP, Paulos CM (2019) Fueling cancer immunotherapy with common gamma chain cytokines. Front Immunol 10:263","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3207","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200939502","volume":"39","author":"RA Eagle","year":"2009","unstructured":"Eagle RA, Traherne JA, Hair JR, Jafferji I, Trowsdale J (2009) ULBP6\/RAET1L is an additional human NKG2D ligand. Eur J Immunol 39:3207\u20133216","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.4103\/ejdv.ejdv_34_19","volume":"40","author":"MA El-Gayyar","year":"2020","unstructured":"El-Gayyar MA, Helmy ME, Amer ER, Ibrahim LY, Gaballah MA (2020) Evaluation of interleukin-18 and soluble interleukin-2 receptor serum levels in patients with alopecia areata: an Egyptian study. Egypt J Dermatol Venerol 40:34","journal-title":"Egypt J Dermatol Venerol"},{"key":"2_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2013.03.070","volume":"523","author":"BM El-Zawahry","year":"2013","unstructured":"El-Zawahry BM, Azzam OA, Zaki NS, Abdel-Raheem HM, Bassiouny DA, Khorshied MM (2013) PTPN22 gene polymorphism in Egyptian alopecia areata patients and its impact on response to diphencyprone immunotherapy. Gene 523:147\u2013151","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"2_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09320","volume":"466","author":"AC Elden","year":"2010","unstructured":"Elden AC, Kim H-J, Hart MP, Chen-Plotkin AS, Johnson BS, Fang X, Armakola M, Geser F, Greene R, Lu MM (2010) Ataxin-2 intermediate-length polyglutamine expansions are associated with increased risk for ALS. Nature 466:1069\u20131075","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2_CR96","first-page":"24","volume":"13","author":"F Eldesouky","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eldesouky F, Ibrahim A-SM, Sharaf SM (2020) Macrophage migration inhibitory factor in alopecia areata and vitiligo: a case-controlled serological study. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 13:24","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20032194","volume":"199","author":"K Eleme","year":"2004","unstructured":"Eleme K, Taner SB, Br \u00d6, Collinson LM, McCann FE, Chalupny NJ, Cosman D, Hopkins C, Magee AI, Davis DM (2004) Cell surface organization of stress-inducible proteins ULBP and MICA that stimulate human NK cells and T cells via NKG2D. J Exp Med 199:1005\u20131010","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2010.01.016","volume":"18","author":"D Enshell-Seijffers","year":"2010","unstructured":"Enshell-Seijffers D, Lindon C, Kashiwagi M, Morgan BA (2010) \u03b2-catenin activity in the dermal papilla regulates morphogenesis and regeneration of hair. Dev Cell 18:633\u2013642","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"2_CR99","unstructured":"Erjavec SOT (2020) Utilizing functional genomics approaches to characterize risk genes in alopecia areata. Columbia University, City"},{"key":"2_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Espinoza JL, Takami A, Nakata K, Onizuka M, Kawase T, Akiyama H, Miyamura K, Morishima Y, Fukuda T, Kodera Y (2011) A genetic variant in the IL-17 promoter is functionally associated with acute graft-versus-host disease after unrelated bone marrow transplantation. PloS One 6:e26229","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026229"},{"key":"2_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.09808.x","volume":"163","author":"X Fan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fan X, Shangguan L, Li M, Li C, Liu B (2010) Functional polymorphisms of the FAS\/FASLG genes are associated with risk of alopecia areata in a Chinese population: a case\u2013control analysis. Br J Dermatol 163:340\u2013344","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2006.00430.x","volume":"213","author":"TA Ferguson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ferguson TA, Griffith TS (2006) A vision of cell death: Fas ligand and immune privilege 10 years later. Immunol Rev 213:228\u2013238","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"2_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00299","volume":"3","author":"L Fern\u00e1ndez-Messina","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Messina L, Reyburn HT, Val\u00e9s-G\u00f3mez M (2012) Human NKG2D-ligands: cell biology strategies to ensure immune recognition. Front Immunol 3:299","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03770.x","volume":"25","author":"M Ferran","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ferran M, Calvet J, Almirall M, Pujol R, Maym\u00f3 J (2011) Alopecia areata as another immune-mediated disease developed in patients treated with tumour necrosis factor-\u03b1 blocker agents. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 25:479\u2013484","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"2_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201204-0708OC","volume":"186","author":"A Fischer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fischer A, Schmid B, Ellinghaus D, Nothnagel M, Gaede KI, Sch\u00fcrmann M, Lipinski S, Rosenstiel P, Zissel G, H\u00f6hne K (2012) A novel sarcoidosis risk locus for Europeans on chromosome 11q13. 1. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 186:877\u2013885","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13123","volume":"26","author":"J Fischer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fischer J, Degenhardt F, Hofmann A, Redler S, Basmanav FB, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Hanneken S, Giehl KA, Wolff H, Moebus S (2017) Genomewide analysis of copy number variants in alopecia areata in a C entral E uropean cohort reveals association with MCHR 2. Exp Dermatol 26:536\u2013541","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2011.185","volume":"20","author":"LM Forstbauer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Forstbauer LM, Brockschmidt FF, Moskvina V, Herold C, Redler S, Herzog A, Hillmer AM, Meesters C, Heilmann S, Albert F (2012) Genome-wide pooling approach identifies SPATA5 as a new susceptibility locus for alopecia areata. Eur J Hum Genet 20:326\u2013332","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.10.006","volume":"149","author":"G Fousteri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fousteri G, Liossis S-NC, Battaglia M (2013) Roles of the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN22 in immunity and autoimmunity. Clin Immunol 149:556\u2013565","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freyschmidt-Paul P, McElwee KJ, Botchkarev V, Kissling S, Wenzel E, Sundberg JP, Happle R, Hoffmann R (2003) Fas-deficient C3. MRL-Tnfrsf6lpr mice and fas ligand-deficient C3H\/HeJ-Tnfsf6gld mice are relatively resistant to the induction of alopecia areata by grafting of alopecia areata-affected skin from C3H\/HeJ Mice. In (eds) Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings. Elsevier, pp 104\u2013108","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2003.12182.x"},{"key":"2_CR110","first-page":"397","volume":"8","author":"ACV Fricke","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fricke ACV, Miteva M (2015) Epidemiology and burden of alopecia areata: a systematic review. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 8:397","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2004.00566.x","volume":"4","author":"S Fu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fu S, Zhang N, Yopp AC, Chen D, Mao M, Chen D, Zhang H, Ding Y, Bromberg JS (2004) TGF-beta induces Foxp3 + T-regulatory cells from CD4 + CD25 - precursors. Am J Transplant 4:1614\u20131627","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"2_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00191802","volume":"96","author":"GM Galbraith","year":"1995","unstructured":"Galbraith GM, Pandey JP (1995) Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\u03b1) gene polymorphism in alopecia areata. Hum Genet 96:433\u2013436","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"2_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1159\/000022850","volume":"49","author":"GP Galbraith","year":"1999","unstructured":"Galbraith GP, Palesch Y, Gore E, Pandey J (1999) Contribution of interleukin 1\u03b2 and KM loci to alopecia areata. Hum Hered 49:85\u201389","journal-title":"Hum Hered"},{"key":"2_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2064","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgp283","volume":"30","author":"Y Gao","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gao Y, He Y, Ding J, Wu K, Hu B, Liu Y, Wu Y, Guo B, Shen Y, Landi D (2009) An insertion\/deletion polymorphism at miRNA-122-binding site in the interleukin-1\u03b1 3\u2032 untranslated region confers risk for hepatocellular carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 30:2064\u20132069","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"2_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00179","volume":"3","author":"G Gasteiger","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gasteiger G, Kastenmuller W (2012) Foxp3+ regulatory T-cells and IL-2: the Moirai of T-cell fates? Front Immunol 3:179","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-019-00684-7","volume":"39","author":"P Georgiev","year":"2019","unstructured":"Georgiev P, Charbonnier L-M, Chatila TA (2019) Regulatory T cells: the many faces of Foxp3. J Clin Immunol 39:623\u2013640","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4403","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2316","volume":"92","author":"M Ghoussaini","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ghoussaini M, Vatin V, Lecoeur C, Abkevich V, Younus A, Samson C, Wachter C, Heude B, Tauber M, Tounian P (2007) Genetic study of the melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 2 in childhood and adulthood severe obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92:4403\u20134409","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(00)00407-0","volume":"112","author":"V Giedraitis","year":"2001","unstructured":"Giedraitis V, He B, Huang W-X, Hillert J (2001) Cloning and mutation analysis of the human IL-18 promoter: a possible role of polymorphisms in expression regulation. J Neuroimmunol 112:146\u2013152","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"2_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2535","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2010.260","volume":"130","author":"A Gilhar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gilhar A (2010a) Collapse of immune privilege in alopecia areata: coincidental or substantial & quest. J Investig Dermatol 130:2535\u20132537","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2535","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2010.260","volume":"130","author":"A Gilhar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gilhar A (2010b) Collapse of immune privilege in alopecia areata: coincidental or substantial? J Investig Dermatol 130:2535\u20132537","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202x.2001.01583.x","volume":"117","author":"A Gilhar","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gilhar A, Assy B, Shalaginov R, Serafimovich S, Landau M, Kalish RS (2001a) Melanocyte-associated T cell epitopes can function as autoantigens for transfer of alopecia areata to human scalp explants on Prkdc scid mice. J Investig Dermatol 117:1357\u20131362","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202x.2001.01583.x","volume":"117","author":"A Gilhar","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gilhar A, Assy B, Shalaginov R, Serafimovich S, Landau M, Kalish RS (2001b) Melanocyte-associated T cell epitopes can function as autoantigens for transfer of alopecia areata to human scalp explants on Prkdcscid mice. J Investig Dermatol 117:1357\u20131362","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1103442","volume":"366","author":"A Gilhar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gilhar A, Etzioni A, Paus R (2012) Alopecia areata. N Engl J Med 366:1515\u20131525","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2005.07.001","volume":"5","author":"A Gilhar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gilhar A, Kalish RS (2006) Alopecia areata: a tissue specific autoimmune disease of the hair follicle. Autoimmun Rev 5:64\u201369","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"2_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.365","volume":"133","author":"A Gilhar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gilhar A, Keren A, Shemer A, d\u2019Ovidio R, Ullmann Y, Paus R (2013) Autoimmune disease induction in a healthy human organ: a humanized mouse model of alopecia areata. J Investig Dermatol 133:844\u2013847","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01283","volume":"9","author":"I Gkikas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gkikas I, Palikaras K, Tavernarakis N (2018) The role of mitophagy in innate immunity. Front Immunol 9:1283","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2006.01676.x","volume":"20","author":"C Goh","year":"2006","unstructured":"Goh C, Finkel M, Christos P, Sinha A (2006) Profile of 513 patients with alopecia areata: associations of disease subtypes with atopy, autoimmune disease and positive family history. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 20:1055\u20131060","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"2_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gokhale AS, Gangaplara A, Lopez-Occasio M, Thornton AM, Shevach EM (2019) Selective deletion of Eos (Ikzf4) in T-regulatory cells leads to loss of suppressive function and development of systemic autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 105:102300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2019.06.011"},{"key":"2_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2014.1544","volume":"150","author":"L Gorcey","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gorcey L, Spratt EAG, Leger MC (2014) Alopecia universalis successfully treated with adalimumab. JAMA Dermatol 150:1341\u20131344","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5916.198664","volume":"144","author":"R Goswami","year":"2016","unstructured":"Goswami R (2016) Primer on the metabolic bone diseases and disorders of mineral metabolism. Indian J Med Res 144:489\u2013490","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"2_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.01.004","volume":"146","author":"K Goudy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Goudy K, Aydin D, Barzaghi F, Gambineri E, Vignoli M, Mannurita SC, Doglioni C, Ponzoni M, Cicalese MP, Assanelli A (2013) Human IL2RA null mutation mediates immunodeficiency with lymphoproliferation and autoimmunity. Clin Immunol 146:248\u2013261","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-065X.2003.00051.x","volume":"193","author":"DR Green","year":"2003","unstructured":"Green DR, Droin N, Pinkoski M (2003) Activation-induced cell death in T cells. Immunol Rev 193:70\u201381","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"2_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.395","volume":"41","author":"PK Gregersen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gregersen PK, Amos CI, Lee AT, Lu Y, Remmers EF, Kastner DL, Seldin MF, Criswell LA, Plenge RM, Holers VM (2009) REL, encoding a member of the NF-\u03baB family of transcription factors, is a newly defined risk locus for rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Genet 41:820","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gregoriou S, Papafragkaki D, Kontochristopoulos G, Rallis E, Kalogeromitros D, Rigopoulos D (2010) Cytokines and other mediators in alopecia areata. Mediat Inflammat","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/928030"},{"key":"2_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12445","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.22.12445","volume":"93","author":"V Groh","year":"1996","unstructured":"Groh V, Bahram S, Bauer S, Herman A, Beauchamp M, Spies T (1996) Cell stress-regulated human major histocompatibility complex class I gene expressed in gastrointestinal epithelium. Proc Natl Acad Sci 93:12445\u201312450","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1998.13.11.1691","volume":"13","author":"C Gross","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gross C, Krishnan AV, Malloy PJ, Eccleshall TR, Zhao XY, Feldman D (1998) The vitamin D receptor gene start codon polymorphism: a functional analysis of FokI variants. J Bone Miner Res 13:1691\u20131699","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050019","volume":"202","author":"I Guleria","year":"2005","unstructured":"Guleria I, Khosroshahi A, Ansari MJ, Habicht A, Azuma M, Yagita H, Noelle RJ, Coyle A, Mellor AL, Khoury SJ (2005) A critical role for the programmed death ligand 1 in fetomaternal tolerance. J Exp Med 202:231\u2013237","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.6.800","volume":"55","author":"K Gwinn-Hardy","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gwinn-Hardy K, Chen J, Liu H-C, Liu T, Boss M, Seltzer W, Adam A, Singleton A, Koroshetz W, Waters C (2000) Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 with parkinsonism in ethnic Chinese. Neurology 55:800\u2013805","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-013-0703-z","volume":"65","author":"Y Haida","year":"2013","unstructured":"Haida Y, Ikeda S, Takagi A, Komiyama E, Mabuchi T, Ozawa A, Kulski JK, Inoko H, Oka A (2013) Association analysis of the HLA-C gene in Japanese alopecia areata. Immunogenetics 65:553\u2013557","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"2_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06010","volume":"448","author":"H Hakonarson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hakonarson H, Grant SF, Bradfield JP, Marchand L, Kim CE, Glessner JT, Grabs R, Casalunovo T, Taback SP, Frackelton EC (2007) A genome-wide association study identifies KIAA0350 as a type 1 diabetes gene. Nature 448:591\u2013594","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamed FN, \u00c5strand A, Bertolini M, Rossi A, Maleki-Dizaji A, Messenger AG, McDonagh AJ, Tazi-Ahnini R (2019) Alopecia areata patients show deficiency of FOXP3+ CD39+ T regulatory cells and clonotypic restriction of Treg TCR\u03b2-chain, which highlights the immunopathological aspect of the disease. PloS One 14:e0210308","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210308"},{"key":"2_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12978","volume":"42","author":"YM Han","year":"2015","unstructured":"Han YM, Sheng YY, Xu F, Qi SS, Liu XJ, Hu RM, Miao Y, Huang GQ, Yang QP (2015) Imbalance of T-helper 17 and regulatory T cells in patients with alopecia areata. J Dermatol 42:981\u2013988","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2017.01.011","volume":"178","author":"D Hanalioglu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hanalioglu D, Ayvaz DC, Ozgur TT, van der Burg M, Sanal O, Tezcan I (2017) A novel mutation in TAP1 gene leading to MHC class I deficiency: report of two cases and review of the literature. Clin Immunol 178:74\u201378","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harb H, Benamar M, Lai PS, Contini P, Griffith JW, Crestani E, Schmitz-Abe K, Chen Q, Fong J, Marri L (2021) Notch4 signaling limits regulatory T-cell-mediated tissue repair and promotes severe lung inflammation in viral infections. Immunity","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.04.002"},{"key":"2_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0777-3","volume":"21","author":"H Harb","year":"2020","unstructured":"Harb H, Stephen-Victor E, Crestani E, Benamar M, Massoud A, Cui Y, Charbonnier L-M, Arbag S, Baris S, Cunnigham A (2020) A regulatory T cell Notch4\u2013GDF15 axis licenses tissue inflammation in asthma. Nat Immunol 21:1359\u20131370","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2020.08.006","volume":"100","author":"JA Hardman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hardman JA, Nicu C, Tai C, Harries M, Mironov A, Purba TS, Paus R (2020) Does dysfunctional autophagy contribute to immune privilege collapse and alopecia areata pathogenesis? J Dermatol Sci 100:75\u201378","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"2_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hasan HA, Ra\u2019ed OA, Muda WAMBW, Mohamed HJBJ, Samsudin AR (2017) Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with metabolic syndrome and its components among adult Arabs from the United Arab Emirates. Diab Metabol Syndr Clin Res Rev 11:S531\u2013S537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.03.047"},{"key":"2_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2013.08.270","volume":"74","author":"Y He","year":"2013","unstructured":"He Y, Na H, Li Y, Qiu Z, Li W (2013) FoxP3 rs3761548 polymorphism predicts autoimmune disease susceptibility: a meta-analysis. Hum Immunol 74:1665\u20131671","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Head JR, Neaves WB, Billingham RE (1983) Immune privilege in the testis. I. Basic parameters of allograft survival. Transplantation 36:423\u2013431","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-198310000-00014"},{"key":"2_CR150","first-page":"892","volume":"27","author":"M Hernandez","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hernandez M, Nogues S, Ruiz-Esquide V, Alsina M, Canete J, Sanmarti R (2009) Development of alopecia areata after biological therapy with TNF-alpha Blockers: description of a case and review of the literature. Clin Exp Rheumatol 27:892\u2013893","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"2_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12395722","volume":"103","author":"R Hoffmann","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hoffmann R, Wenzel E, Huth A, van der Steen P, Sch\u00e4ufele M, Henninger H-P, Happle R (1994) Cytokine mRNA levels in alopecia areata before and after treatment with the contact allergen diphenylcyclopropenone. J Investig Dermatol 103:530\u2013533","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458507078064","volume":"13","author":"J Holley","year":"2007","unstructured":"Holley J, Newcombe J, Winyard P, Gutowski N (2007) Peroxiredoxin V in multiple sclerosis lesions: predominant expression by astrocytes. Mult Scler J 13:955\u2013961","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"key":"2_CR153","first-page":"74","volume":"9","author":"P Hughes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hughes P, Bouillet P, Strasser A (2006) Role of Bim and other Bcl-2 family members in autoimmune and degenerative diseases. Apoptosis Relevance Autoimmun 9:74\u201394","journal-title":"Apoptosis Relevance Autoimmun"},{"key":"2_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.12.017","volume":"28","author":"PD Hughes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hughes PD, Belz GT, Fortner KA, Budd RC, Strasser A, Bouillet P (2008) Apoptosis regulators Fas and Bim cooperate in shutdown of chronic immune responses and prevention of autoimmunity. Immunity 28:197\u2013205","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12470601","volume":"96","author":"SM Hull","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hull SM, Nutbrown M, Pepall L, Thornton MJ, Cunliffe WJ, Randall VA (1991) Immunohistologic and ultrastructural comparison of the dermal papilla and hair follicle bulb from \u201cactive\u201d and \u201cnormal\u201d areas of alopecia areata. J Investig Dermatol 96:673\u2013681","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2018.00055","volume":"9","author":"O Illescas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Illescas O, Gomez-Verjan JC, Garc\u00eda-Vel\u00e1zquez L, Govezensky T, Rodriguez-Sosa M (2018) Macrophage migration inhibitory factor-173 G\/C polymorphism: a global meta-analysis across the disease spectrum. Front Genet 9:55","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"2_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.10.014","volume":"14","author":"N Islam","year":"2015","unstructured":"Islam N, Leung PS, Huntley AC, Gershwin ME (2015) The autoimmune basis of alopecia areata: a comprehensive review. Autoimmun Rev 14:81\u201389","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"2_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ismail NA, Toraih EA, Ameen HM, Gomaa AHA, Marie RE-SM (2020) Association of Rs231775 genetic variant of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 with alopecia areata disease in males: a case\u2013control study. Immunol Invest 1\u201310","DOI":"10.1080\/08820139.2020.1796700"},{"key":"2_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.11.001","volume":"151","author":"E Itakura","year":"2012","unstructured":"Itakura E, Kishi-Itakura C, Mizushima N (2012) The hairpin-type tail-anchored SNARE syntaxin 17 targets to autophagosomes for fusion with endosomes\/lysosomes. Cell 151:1256\u20131269","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63151-3","volume":"164","author":"T Ito","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ito T, Ito N, Bettermann A, Tokura Y, Takigawa M, Paus R (2004) Collapse and restoration of MHC class-I-dependent immune privilege: exploiting the human hair follicle as a model. Am J Pathol 164:623\u2013634","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06453.x","volume":"152","author":"T Ito","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ito T, Ito N, Saathoff M, Bettermann A, Takigawa M, Paus R (2005a) Interferon-\u03b3 is a potent inducer of catagen-like changes in cultured human anagen hair follicles. Br J Dermatol 152:623\u2013631","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2005.23927.x","volume":"125","author":"T Ito","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ito T, Ito N, Saathoff M, Stampachiacchiere B, Bettermann A, Bulfone-Paus S, Takigawa M, Nickoloff BJ, Paus R (2005b) Immunology of the human nail apparatus: the nail matrix is a site of relative immune privilege. J Investig Dermatol 125:1139\u20131148","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5701183","volume":"128","author":"T Ito","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ito T, Ito N, Saatoff M, Hashizume H, Fukamizu H, Nickoloff BJ, Takigawa M, Paus R (2008) Maintenance of hair follicle immune privilege is linked to prevention of NK cell attack. J Investig Dermatol 128:1196\u20131206","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12489","volume":"23","author":"T Ito","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ito T, Tokura Y (2014) The role of cytokines and chemokines in the T-cell-mediated autoimmune process in alopecia areata. Exp Dermatol 23:787\u2013791","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(98)70499-2","volume":"38","author":"C Jackow","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jackow C, Puffer N, Hordinsky M, Nelson J, Tarrand J, Duvic M (1998) Alopecia areata and cytomegalovirus infection in twins: genes versus environment? J Am Acad Dermatol 38:418\u2013425","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2192","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.129","volume":"132","author":"D Jagielska","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jagielska D, Redler S, Brockschmidt FF, Herold C, Pasternack SM, Bartels NG, Hanneken S, Eigelshoven S, Refke M, Barth S (2012) Follow-up study of the first genome-wide association scan in alopecia areata: IL13 and KIAA0350 as susceptibility loci supported with genome-wide significance. J Investig Dermatol 132:2192\u20132197","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2004.02478.x","volume":"136","author":"C Jago","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jago C, Yates J, Olsen Saraiva C\u00e2mara N, Lechler R, Lombardi G (2004) Differential expression of CTLA-4 among T cell subsets. Clin Exp Immunol 136:463\u2013471","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0910341107","volume":"107","author":"N Jain","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jain N, Nguyen H, Chambers C, Kang J (2010) Dual function of CTLA-4 in regulatory T cells and conventional T cells to prevent multiorgan autoimmunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci 107:1524\u20131528","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01649","volume":"9","author":"M Janghorban","year":"2018","unstructured":"Janghorban M, Xin L, Rosen JM, Zhang XH-F (2018) Notch signaling as a regulator of the tumor immune response: to target or not to target? Front Immunol 9:1649","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2012.00871.x","volume":"11","author":"WR Jeck","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jeck WR, Siebold AP, Sharpless NE (2012) a meta-analysis of GWAS and age-associated diseases. Aging Cell 11:727\u2013731","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"2_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ji C, Liu S, Zhu K, Luo H, Li Q, Zhang Y, Huang S, Chen Q, Cao Y (2018) HLA-DRB1 polymorphisms and alopecia areata disease risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine 97","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000011790"},{"key":"2_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2010.427","volume":"131","author":"KK John","year":"2011","unstructured":"John KK, Brockschmidt FF, Redler S, Herold C, Hanneken S, Eigelshoven S, Giehl KA, De Weert J, Lutz G, Kruse R (2011) Genetic variants in CTLA4 are strongly associated with alopecia areata. J Invest Dermatol 131:1169\u20131172","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-013-1354-5","volume":"305","author":"G Kalkan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kalkan G, Ate\u015f \u00d6, Karaku\u015f N, Sezer S (2013a) Functional polymorphisms in cell death pathway genes FAS and FAS ligand and risk of alopecia areata. Arch Dermatol Res 305:909\u2013915","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"2_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2013.05.086","volume":"527","author":"G Kalkan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kalkan G, Karakus N, Ba\u015f Y, Tak\u00e7\u0131 Z, \u00d6zu\u011fuz P, Ate\u015f \u00d6, Yigit S (2013b) The association between Interleukin (IL)-4 gene intron 3 VNTR polymorphism and alopecia areata (AA) in Turkish population. Gene 527:565\u2013569","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"2_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2013.08.016","volume":"530","author":"G Kalkan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kalkan G, Yigit S, Karaku\u015f N, Ate\u015f \u00d6, Bozkurt N, \u00d6zdemir A, Pancar G\u015e (2013c) Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T mutation in patients with alopecia areata in Turkish population. Gene 530:109\u2013112","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"2_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2677","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2010.180","volume":"130","author":"H Kang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kang H, Wu W-Y, Lo BK, Yu M, Leung G, Shapiro J, McElwee KJ (2010) Hair follicles from alopecia areata patients exhibit alterations in immune privilege-associated gene expression in advance of hair loss. J Investig Dermatol 130:2677\u20132680","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14043","volume":"29","author":"H Kang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kang H, Wu WY, Yu M, Shapiro J, McElwee KJ (2020) Increased expression of TLR7 and TLR9 in alopecia areata. Exp Dermatol 29:254\u2013258","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2014.10.774","volume":"75","author":"B Karademir","year":"2014","unstructured":"Karademir B, Bozaykut P, Ozer NK (2014) Heat shock proteins and proteasomal degradation in normal and tumor cells. Free Radical Biol Med 75:S35","journal-title":"Free Radical Biol Med"},{"key":"2_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2005.tb03640.x","volume":"49","author":"R Karasawa","year":"2005","unstructured":"Karasawa R, Ozaki S, Nishioka K, Kato T (2005) Autoantibodies to peroxiredoxin I and IV in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases. Microbiol Immunol 49:57\u201365","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3186","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1101649","volume":"187","author":"W Kastenmuller","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kastenmuller W, Gasteiger G, Subramanian N, Sparwasser T, Busch DH, Belkaid Y, Drexler I, Germain RN (2011) Regulatory T cells selectively control CD8+ T cell effector pool size via IL-2 restriction. J Immunol 187:3186\u20133197","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1159\/000486462","volume":"4","author":"E Kasumagi\u0107-Halilovic","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kasumagi\u0107-Halilovic E, Cavaljuga S, Ovcina-Kurtovic N, Zecevic L (2018) Serum levels of interleukin-2 in patients with alopecia areata: Relationship with clinical type and duration of the disease. Skin Appendage Disord 4:286\u2013290","journal-title":"Skin Appendage Disord"},{"key":"2_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2000.00921.x","volume":"39","author":"A Kavak","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kavak A, Baykal C, \u00d6zarma\u011fan G, Akar U (2000) HLA in alopecia areata. Int J Dermatol 39:589\u2013592","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.12.1346","volume":"117","author":"M Kawaguchi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kawaguchi M, Takahashi D, Hizawa N, Suzuki S, Matsukura S, Kokubu F, Maeda Y, Fukui Y, Konno S, Huang S-K (2006) IL-17F sequence variant (His161Arg) is associated with protection against asthma and antagonizes wild-type IL-17F activity. J Aller Clin Immunol 117:795\u2013801","journal-title":"J Aller Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(98)70202-7","volume":"8","author":"CM Kelley","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kelley CM, Ikeda T, Koipally J, Avitahl N, Wu L, Georgopoulos K, Morgan BA (1998) Helios, a novel dimerization partner of Ikaros expressed in the earliest hematopoietic progenitors. Curr Biol 8:508-S501","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"2_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2006.04.006","volume":"67","author":"EH Kemp","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kemp EH, McDonagh AJ, Wengraf DA, Messenger AG, Gawkrodger DJ, Cork MJ, Tazi-Ahnini R (2006) The non-synonymous C1858T substitution in the PTPN22 gene is associated with susceptibility to the severe forms of alopecia areata. Hum Immunol 67:535\u2013539","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1977.01640120084017","volume":"113","author":"U Kianto","year":"1977","unstructured":"Kianto U, Reunala T, Karvonen J, Lassus A, Tiilikainen A (1977) HLA-B12 in alopecia areata. Arch Dermatol 113:1716","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2018.11.008","volume":"104","author":"G Kichaev","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kichaev G, Bhatia G, Loh P-R, Gazal S, Burch K, Freund MK, Schoech A, Pasaniuc B, Price AL (2019) Leveraging polygenic functional enrichment to improve GWAS power. Am J Hum Genet 104:65\u201375","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2014.12.005","volume":"34","author":"A Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim A, Sadegh-Nasseri S (2015) Determinants of immunodominance for CD4 T cells. Curr Opin Immunol 34:9\u201315","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2009.00646.x","volume":"36","author":"DY Kim","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kim DY, Lee JW, Whang SH, Park YK, Hann SK, Shin YJ (2009) Quality of life for Korean patients with vitiligo: Skindex-29 and its correlation with clinical profiles. J Dermatol 36:317\u2013322","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18820","DOI":"10.4238\/2015.December.28.31","volume":"14","author":"H Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim H, Lee H, Lew B, Sim W, Kim Y, Lee S, Lee S, Cho I, Kwon J, Kim H (2015a) Association between TAP1 gene polymorphisms and alopecia areata in a Korean population. Genet Mol Res 14:18820\u201318827","journal-title":"Genet Mol Res"},{"key":"2_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12838","volume":"33","author":"JY Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim JY, Kim J, Ahn Y, Lee EJ, Hwang S, Almurayshid A, Park K, Chung HJ, Kim HJ, Lee SH (2020) Autophagy induction can regulate skin pigmentation by causing melanosome degradation in keratinocytes and melanocytes. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 33:403\u2013415","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"},{"key":"2_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9667","DOI":"10.4238\/2015.August.14.29","volume":"14","author":"S Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim S, Chung J, Park H, Kang S, Lim D, Byun S, Baek D, Ko H, Lew B, Baik H (2015b) Polymorphisms in the promoter regions of the CXCL1 and CXCL2 genes contribute to increased risk of alopecia areata in the Korean population. Genet Mol Res 14:9667\u20139674","journal-title":"Genet Mol Res"},{"key":"2_CR193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2013.0055","volume":"34","author":"SK Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim SK, Park HJ, Chung J-H, Kim JW, Seok H, Lew B-L, Sim W-Y (2014) Association between interleukin 18 polymorphisms and alopecia areata in Koreans. J Interferon Cytokine Res 34:349\u2013353","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"key":"2_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.6.2533","volume":"183","author":"MF Krummel","year":"1996","unstructured":"Krummel MF, Allison JP (1996) CTLA-4 engagement inhibits IL-2 accumulation and cell cycle progression upon activation of resting T cells. J Exp Med 183:2533\u20132540","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2_CR195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-020711-074948","volume":"30","author":"P Kuballa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kuballa P, Nolte WM, Castoreno AB, Xavier RJ (2012) Autophagy and the immune system. Annu Rev Immunol 30:611\u2013646","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1111\/cge.12813","volume":"90","author":"H Kurata","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kurata H, Terashima H, Nakashima M, Okazaki T, Matsumura W, Ohno K, Saito Y, Maegaki Y, Kubota M, Nanba E (2016) Characterization of SPATA5-related encephalopathy in early childhood. Clin Genet 90:437\u2013444","journal-title":"Clin Genet"},{"key":"2_CR197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24986","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2001966117","volume":"117","author":"GF Lahore","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lahore GF, Raposo B, Lagerquist M, Ohlsson C, Sabatier P, Xu B, Aoun M, James J, Cai X, Zubarev RA (2020) Vitamin D3 receptor polymorphisms regulate T cells and T cell-dependent inflammatory diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci 117:24986\u201324997","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2_CR198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01336","volume":"11","author":"A Lamana","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lamana A, Villares R, Seoane IV, Andr\u00e9s N, Lucas P, Emery P, Vital EM, Triguero-Mart\u00ednez A, Marquez A, Ortiz AM (2020) Identification of a human SOCS1 polymorphism that predicts rheumatoid arthritis severity. Front Immunol 11:1336","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00025.2001","volume":"82","author":"B Lankat-Buttgereit","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lankat-Buttgereit B, Tamp\u00e9 R (2002) The transporter associated with antigen processing: function and implications in human diseases. Physiol Rev 82:187\u2013204","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"2_CR200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2010.00656.x","volume":"12","author":"EY Lavrikova","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lavrikova EY, Nikitin AG, Kuraeva TL, Peterkova VA, Tsitlidze NM, Chistiakov DA, Nosikov VV (2011) The carriage of the type 1 diabetes-associated R262W variant of human LNK correlates with increased proliferation of peripheral blood monocytes in diabetic patients. Pediatr Diab 12:127\u2013132","journal-title":"Pediatr Diab"},{"key":"2_CR201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14987","volume":"32","author":"S Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee S, Kim B, Lee C, Lee W (2018) Increased prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with alopecia areata: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 32:1214\u20131221","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"2_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee S, Paik SH, Kim H-J, Ryu HH, Cha S, Jo SJ, Eun HC, Seo J-S, Kim J-I, Kwon OS (2013) Exomic sequencing of immune-related genes reveals novel candidate variants associated with alopecia universalis. PloS One 8:e53613","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053613"},{"key":"2_CR203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lei Z-X, Chen W-J, Liang J-Q, Wang Y-J, Jin L, Xu C, Kang X-J (2019) The association between rs2476601 polymorphism in PTPN22 gene and risk of alopecia areata: a meta-analysis of case\u2013control studies. Medicine 98","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000015448"},{"key":"2_CR204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5153","DOI":"10.1021\/pr100422u","volume":"9","author":"MC Leung","year":"2010","unstructured":"Leung MC, Sutton CW, Fenton DA, Tobin DJ (2010) Trichohyalin is a potential major autoantigen in human alopecia areata. J Proteome Res 9:5153\u20135163","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"key":"2_CR205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2012.24.1.61","volume":"24","author":"B-L Lew","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lew B-L, Cho H-R, Haw S, Kim H-J, Chung J-H, Sim W-Y (2012) Association between IL17A\/IL17RA gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to alopecia areata in the Korean population. Ann Dermatol 24:61\u201365","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12251","volume":"53","author":"BL Lew","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lew BL, Chung JH, Sim WY (2014a) Association between IL16 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to alopecia areata in the K orean population. Int J Dermatol 53:319\u2013322","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12251","volume":"53","author":"BL Lew","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lew BL, Chung JH, Sim WY (2014b) Association between IL16 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to alopecia areata in the Korean population. Int J Dermatol 53:319\u2013322","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-019-1241-z","volume":"14","author":"N Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li N, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Li G, Yu T, Yao R, Zhou Y, Shen Y, Yin L, Wang X (2019) Biallelic ERBB3 loss-of-function variants are associated with a novel multisystem syndrome without congenital contracture. Orphanet J Rare Dis 14:1\u201310","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"2_CR209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2903","volume":"16","author":"W-H Lien","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lien W-H, Polak L, Lin M, Lay K, Zheng D, Fuchs E (2014) In vivo transcriptional governance of hair follicle stem cells by canonical Wnt regulators. Nat Cell Biol 16:179","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"2_CR210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/1074-7613(95)90141-8","volume":"2","author":"J-X Lin","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lin J-X, Migone T-S, Tseng M, Friedmann M, Weatherbee JA, Zhou L, Yamauchi A, Bloom ET, Mietz J, John S (1995) The role of shared receptor motifs and common Stat proteins in the generation of cytokine pleiotropy and redundancy by IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-13, and IL-15. Immunity 2:331\u2013339","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2_CR211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2421","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.127.11.2421","volume":"127","author":"M-H Lin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lin M-H, Leimeister C, Gessler M, Kopan R (2000) Activation of the Notch pathway in the hair cortex leads to aberrant differentiation of the adjacent hair-shaft layers. Development 127:2421\u20132432","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2_CR212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1038\/ni906","volume":"4","author":"A Liston","year":"2003","unstructured":"Liston A, Lesage S, Wilson J, Peltonen L, Goodnow CC (2003) Aire regulates negative selection of organ-specific T cells. Nat Immunol 4:350\u2013354","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu LY, King BA, Craiglow BG (2016) Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among patients with alopecia areata (AA): a systematic review. J Am Acad Dermatol 75:806\u2013812. e803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.04.035"},{"key":"2_CR214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(90)90097-S","volume":"11","author":"H-G Ljunggren","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ljunggren H-G, K\u00e4rre K (1990) In search of the \u2018missing self\u2019: MHC molecules and NK cell recognition. Immunol Today 11:237\u2013244","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"2_CR215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2870","volume":"10","author":"CM Lloyd","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lloyd CM, Hessel EM (2010) Functions of T cells in asthma: more than just TH2 cells. Nat Rev Immunol 10:838\u2013848","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14775","volume":"32","author":"SH Loh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Loh SH, Moon HN, Lew BL, Sim WY (2018) Role of T helper 17 cells and T regulatory cells in alopecia areata: comparison of lesion and serum cytokine between controls and patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 32:1028\u20131033","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"2_CR217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2013.02.048","volume":"521","author":"D Lu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lu D, Chen L, Shi X, Zhang X, Ling X, Chen X, Xie L, Jiang L, Ding L, He Y (2013) A functional polymorphism in interleukin-1\u03b1 (IL1A) gene is associated with risk of alopecia areata in Chinese populations. Gene 521:282\u2013286","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"2_CR218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.75","volume":"17","author":"L Lu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lu L, Barbi J, Pan F (2017) The regulation of immune tolerance by FOXP3. Nat Rev Immunol 17:703","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.22399","volume":"9","author":"S Luo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Luo S, Rubinsztein DC (2013) BCL2L11\/BIM: a novel molecular link between autophagy and apoptosis. Autophagy 9:104\u2013105","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"2_CR220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13245","volume":"21","author":"H Mahto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mahto H, Tripathy R, Das BK, Panda AK (2018) Association between vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus in an Indian cohort. Int J Rheum Dis 21:468\u2013476","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2_CR221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18607","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0706409104","volume":"104","author":"LM Maier","year":"2007","unstructured":"Maier LM, Anderson DE, De Jager PL, Wicker LS, Hafler DA (2007) Allelic variant in CTLA4 alters T cell phosphorylation patterns. Proc Natl Acad Sci 104:18607\u201318612","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2_CR222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26120","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M212082200","volume":"278","author":"KK Mak","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mak KK, Chan SY (2003) Epidermal growth factor as a biologic switch in hair growth cycle. J Biol Chem 278:26120\u201326126","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2_CR223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marks DH, Senna MM (2020) A potential role for IL-4 and IL-13 in an Alopecia Areata\u2013Like Phenotype: A Clinical Perspective. In: (eds) Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings. Elsevier, pp S58\u2013S59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jisp.2020.04.008"},{"key":"2_CR224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.652846","volume":"12","author":"P Martin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Martin P, Goldstein JD, Mermoud L, Diaz-Barreiro A, Palmer G (2021) IL-1 family antagonists in mouse and human skin inflammation. Front Immunol 12:695","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1086\/511442","volume":"80","author":"A Martinez-Mir","year":"2007","unstructured":"Martinez-Mir A, Zlotogorski A, Gordon D, Petukhova L, Mo J, Gilliam TC, Londono D, Haynes C, Ott J, Hordinsky M (2007) Genomewide scan for linkage reveals evidence of several susceptibility loci for alopecia areata. Am J Hum Genet 80:316\u2013328","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2_CR226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.098376","volume":"69","author":"A Martinez","year":"2010","unstructured":"Martinez A, Perdigones N, C\u00e9nit MC, Espino L, Varade J, Lamas J, Santiago J, Fern\u00e1ndez-Arquero M, De La Calle H, Arroyo R (2010) Chromosomal region 16p13: further evidence of increased predisposition to immune diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 69:309\u2013311","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2_CR227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matia-Garc\u00eda I, Salgado-Goytia L, Mu\u00f1oz-Valle JF, Garc\u00eda-Arellano S, Hern\u00e1ndez-Bello J, Salgado-Bernab\u00e9 AB, Parra-Rojas I (2015) Macrophage migration inhibitory factor promoter polymorphisms (\u2212 794 CATT5\u20138 and\u2212 173 G> C): relationship with mRNA expression and soluble MIF levels in young obese subjects. Disease Markers","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/461208"},{"key":"2_CR228","first-page":"648","volume":"132","author":"A McDonagh","year":"1994","unstructured":"McDonagh A, Elliott K, Messenger A (1994) Mx protein: a new marker of type I interferon activity in the skin. Br J Dermatol 132:648","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.01077.x","volume":"27","author":"A McDonagh","year":"2002","unstructured":"McDonagh A, Tazi-Ahnini R (2002a) Epidemiology and genetics of alopecia areata. Clin Exp Dermatol 27:405\u2013409","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.01077.x","volume":"27","author":"A McDonagh","year":"2002","unstructured":"McDonagh A, Tazi-Ahnini R (2002b) Epidemiology and genetics of alopecia areata. Clin Exp Dermatol Clin Dermatol 27:405\u2013409","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12209","volume":"22","author":"K McElwee","year":"2013","unstructured":"McElwee K, Gilhar A, Tobin D, Ramot Y, Sundberg JP, Nakamura M, Bertolini M, Inui S, Tokura Y, King L (2013) What causes alopecia areata? Exp Dermatol 22:609\u2013626","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2005.23692.x","volume":"124","author":"KJ McElwee","year":"2005","unstructured":"McElwee KJ, Freyschmidt-Paul P, Hoffmann R, Kissling S, Hummel S, Vitacolonna M, Z\u00f6ller M (2005) Transfer of CD8&plus; Cells Induces Localized Hair Loss Whereas CD4&plus;\/CD25\u2212 Cells Promote Systemic Alopecia Areata and CD4&plus;\/CD25&plus; Cells Blockade Disease Onset in the C3H\/HeJ Mouse Model. J Investig Dermatol 124:947\u2013957","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.22154","volume":"86","author":"MF McMullin","year":"2011","unstructured":"McMullin MF, Wu C, Percy MJ, Tong W (2011) A nonsynonymous LNK polymorphism associated with idiopathic erythrocytosis. Am J Hematol 86:962","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"2_CR234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-013-1348-3","volume":"305","author":"F Megiorni","year":"2013","unstructured":"Megiorni F, Mora B, Maxia C, Gerardi M, Pizzuti A, Rossi A (2013) Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4)+ 49AG and CT60 gene polymorphisms in Alopecia Areata: a case\u2013control association study in the Italian population. Arch Dermatol Res 305:665\u2013670","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"2_CR235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10466.x","volume":"165","author":"F Megiorni","year":"2011","unstructured":"Megiorni F, Pizzuti A, Mora B, Rizzuti A, Garelli V, Maxia C, Carlesimo M, Fotruna M, Delle Chiaie R, Cavaggioni G (2011a) Genetic association of HLA-DQB1 and HLA-DRB1 polymorphisms with alopecia areata in the Italian population. Br J Dermatol 165:823\u2013827","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10466.x","volume":"165","author":"F Megiorni","year":"2011","unstructured":"Megiorni F, Pizzuti A, Mora B, Rizzuti A, Garelli V, Maxia C, Carlesimo M, Fotruna MC, Delle Chiaie R, Cavaggioni G, Rossi A (2011b) Genetic association of HLA-DQB1 and HLA-DRB1 polymorphisms with alopecia areata in the Italian population. Br J Dermatol 165:823\u2013827","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M115.056770","volume":"15","author":"D Meierhofer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Meierhofer D, Halbach M, \u015een NE, Gispert S, Auburger G (2016) Ataxin-2 (Atxn2)-knock-out mice show branched chain amino acids and fatty acids pathway alterations. Mol Cell Proteomics 15:1728\u20131739","journal-title":"Mol Cell Proteomics"},{"key":"2_CR238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-018-0570-z","volume":"11","author":"A Metelli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Metelli A, Salem M, Wallace CH, Wu BX, Li A, Li X, Li Z (2018) Immunoregulatory functions and the therapeutic implications of GARP-TGF-\u03b2 in inflammation and cancer. J Hematol Oncol 11:1\u201311","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"2_CR239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1159\/000351555","volume":"227","author":"Y Miao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Miao Y, Kang Z, Xu F, Qi S, Sheng Y, Han Y, Hu R, Guo X, Yang Q (2013) Association analysis of the IL2RA gene with alopecia areata in a Chinese population. Dermatology 227:299\u2013304","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"2_CR240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mirzoyev SA, Schrum AG, Davis MD, Torgerson RR (2014) Lifetime incidence risk of Alopecia Areata estimated at 2.1 percent by Rochester Epidemiology Project, 1990\u20132009. J Invest Dermatol 134:1141","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.464"},{"key":"2_CR241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2662","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.37778","volume":"170","author":"N Miyake","year":"2016","unstructured":"Miyake N, Abdel-Salam G, Yamagata T, Eid MM, Osaka H, Okamoto N, Mohamed AM, Ikeda T, Afifi HH, Piard J (2016) Clinical features of SMARCA2 duplication overlap with Coffin-Siris syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 170:2662\u20132670","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A"},{"key":"2_CR242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2861","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1599207","volume":"21","author":"N Mizushima","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mizushima N (2007) Autophagy: process and function. Genes Dev 21:2861\u20132873","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"2_CR243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2009.05.006","volume":"30","author":"G Monteleone","year":"2009","unstructured":"Monteleone G, Pallone F, Macdonald TT (2009) Interleukin-21 as a new therapeutic target for immune-mediated diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 30:441\u2013447","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"2_CR244","first-page":"2605","volume":"7","author":"R Morales-Zambrano","year":"2014","unstructured":"Morales-Zambrano R, Bautista-Herrera LA, De la Cruz-Mosso U, Villanueva-Quintero GD, Padilla-Guti\u00e9rrez JR, Valle Y, Parra-Rojas I, Rangel-Villalobos H, Guti\u00e9rrez-Ure\u00f1a SR, Mu\u00f1oz-Valle JF (2014) Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) promoter polymorphisms (-794 CATT5-8 and-173 G> C): association with MIF and TNF\u03b1 in psoriatic arthritis. Int J Clin Exp Med 7:2605","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"2_CR245","first-page":"666","volume":"47","author":"H Moravvej","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moravvej H, Tabatabaei-Panah P-S, Abgoon R, Khaksar L, Sokhandan M, Tarshaei S, Ghaderian SMH, Ludwig RJ, Akbarzadeh R (2018a) Genetic variant association of PTPN22, CTLA4, IL2RA, as well as HLA frequencies in susceptibility to alopecia areata. Immunol Invest 47:666\u2013679","journal-title":"Immunol Invest"},{"key":"2_CR246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3233\/HAB-180339","volume":"26","author":"H Moravvej","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moravvej H, Tabatabaei-Panah P-S, Ebrahimi E, Esmaeili N, Ghaderian SMH, Ludwig RJ, Akbarzadeh R (2018b) TNF-\u03b1-308G\/A gene polymorphism in bullous pemphigoid and alopecia areata. Hum Antibodies 26:201\u2013207","journal-title":"Hum Antibodies"},{"key":"2_CR247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/16.8.2004","volume":"16","author":"B Morgan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Morgan B, Sun L, Avitahl N, Andrikopoulos K, Ikeda T, Gonzales E, Wu P, Neben S, Georgopoulos K (1997) Aiolos, a lymphoid restricted transcription factor that interacts with Ikaros to regulate lymphocyte differentiation. EMBO J 16:2004\u20132013","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"2_CR248","unstructured":"Mounsey AL, Reed SW (2009) Diagnosing and treating hair loss. Am Family Phys 80"},{"key":"2_CR249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12702937","volume":"60","author":"SA Muller","year":"1973","unstructured":"Muller SA (1973) Alopecia: syndromes of genetic significance. J Investig Dermatol 60:475\u2013492","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00063","volume":"3","author":"A Murshid","year":"2012","unstructured":"Murshid A, Gong J, Calderwood SK (2012) The role of heat shock proteins in antigen cross presentation. Front Immunol 3:63","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40790","volume":"71","author":"T Mustelin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mustelin T, Bottini N, Stanford SM (2019) The contribution of PTPN22 to rheumatic disease. Arthritis & Rheum 71:486\u2013495","journal-title":"Arthritis & Rheum"},{"key":"2_CR252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1980","volume":"12","author":"K Nakahira","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nakahira K, Haspel JA, Rathinam VA, Lee S-J, Dolinay T, Lam HC, Englert JA, Rabinovitch M, Cernadas M, Kim HP (2011) Autophagy proteins regulate innate immune responses by inhibiting the release of mitochondrial DNA mediated by the NALP3 inflammasome. Nat Immunol 12:222\u2013230","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2010.01421.x","volume":"123","author":"S Nischwitz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nischwitz S, Cepok S, Kroner A, Wolf C, Knop M, M\u00fcller-Sarnowski F, Pfister H, Rieckmann P, Hemmer B, Ising M (2011) More CLEC16A gene variants associated with multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 123:400\u2013406","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"2_CR254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900691","volume":"183","author":"WE O\u2019Gorman","year":"2009","unstructured":"O\u2019Gorman WE, Dooms H, Thorne SH, Kuswanto WF, Simonds EF, Krutzik PO, Nolan GP, Abbas AK (2009) The initial phase of an immune response functions to activate regulatory T cells. J Immunol 183:332\u2013339","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.5607\/en20024","volume":"29","author":"J-Y Oh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Oh J-Y, Liu QF, Hua C, Jeong HJ, Jang J-H, Jeon S, Park H-J (2020) Intranasal administration of melanin-concentrating hormone reduces stress-induced anxiety-and depressive-like behaviors in rodents. Exp Neurobiol 29:453","journal-title":"Exp Neurobiol"},{"key":"2_CR256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oka A, Takagi A, Komiyama E, Yoshihara N, Mano S, Hosomichi K, Suzuki S, Haida Y, Motosugi N, Hatanaka T (2020) Alopecia areata susceptibility variant in MHC region impacts expressions of genes contributing to hair keratinization and is involved in hair loss. EBioMedicine 57:102810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102810"},{"key":"2_CR257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1999.0379","volume":"256","author":"CA Omer","year":"1999","unstructured":"Omer CA, Miller PJ, Diehl RE, Kral AM (1999) Identification of Tcf4 residues involved in high-affinity \u03b2-catenin binding. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 256:584\u2013590","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2_CR258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13178","volume":"160","author":"M Ono","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ono M (2020) Control of regulatory T-cell differentiation and function by T-cell receptor signalling and Foxp3 transcription factor complexes. Immunology 160:24\u201337","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"2_CR259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(99)80047-8","volume":"11","author":"MA Oosterwegel","year":"1999","unstructured":"Oosterwegel MA, Greenwald RJ, Mandelbrot DA, Lorsbach RB, Sharpe AH (1999) CTLA-4 and T cell activation. Curr Opin Immunol 11:294\u2013300","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.3390\/genes8060157","volume":"8","author":"LA Ostrowski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ostrowski LA, Hall AC, Mekhail K (2017) Ataxin-2: from RNA control to human health and disease. Genes 8:157","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"2_CR261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1176077","volume":"325","author":"F Pan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pan F, Yu H, Dang EV, Barbi J, Pan X, Grosso JF, Jinasena D, Sharma SM, McCadden EM, Getnet D (2009) Eos mediates Foxp3-dependent gene silencing in CD4+ regulatory T cells. Science 325:1142\u20131146","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2_CR262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pandey R, Bakay M, Hain HS, Strenkowski B, Elsaqa BZ, Roizen JD, Kushner JA, Orange JS, Hakonarson H (2018) CLEC16A regulates splenocyte and NK cell function in part through MEK signaling. PLoS One 13:e0203952","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203952"},{"key":"2_CR263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00068","volume":"10","author":"R Pandey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pandey R, Bakay M, Hain HS, Strenkowski B, Yermakova A, Kushner JA, Orange JS, Hakonarson H (2019) The autoimmune disorder susceptibility gene CLEC16A restrains NK Cell function in YTS NK cell line and Clec16a knockout mice. Front Immunol 10:68","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parodi C, Hardman JA, Allavena G, Marotta R, Catelani T, Bertolini M, Paus R, Grimaldi B (2018) Autophagy is essential for maintaining the growth of a human (mini-) organ: Evidence from scalp hair follicle organ culture. PLoS Biol 16:e2002864","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2002864"},{"key":"2_CR265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/35040504","volume":"408","author":"J Parrish-Novak","year":"2000","unstructured":"Parrish-Novak J, Dillon SR, Nelson A, Hammond A, Sprecher C, Gross JA, Johnston J, Madden K, Xu W, West J (2000) Interleukin 21 and its receptor are involved in NK cell expansion and regulation of lymphocyte function. Nature 408:57\u201363","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2_CR266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paus R, Bulfone-Paus S, Bertolini M (2018) Hair follicle immune privilege revisited: the key to alopecia areata management. In: (eds) Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings. Elsevier, pp S12\u2013S17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jisp.2017.10.014"},{"key":"2_CR267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paus R, Ito N, Takigawa M, Ito T (2003) The hair follicle and immune privilege. In: (eds) Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings. Elsevier, pp 188\u2013194","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1087-0024.2003.00807.x"},{"key":"2_CR268","first-page":"541","volume":"66","author":"R Paus","year":"1993","unstructured":"Paus R, Slominski A, Czarnetzki B (1993) Is alopecia areata an autoimmune-response against melanogenesis-related proteins, exposed by abnormal MHC class I expression in the anagen hair bulb? Yale J Biol Med 66:541","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"2_CR269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pelleri MC, Cicchini E, Petersen MB, Tranebj\u00e6rg L, Mattina T, Magini P, Antonaros F, Caracausi M, Vitale L, Locatelli C (2019) Partial trisomy 21 map: ten cases further supporting the highly restricted Down syndrome critical region (HR\u2010DSCR) on human chromosome 21. Mol Genet Genom Med 7:e797","DOI":"10.1002\/mgg3.797"},{"key":"2_CR270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19010325","volume":"19","author":"B Penke","year":"2018","unstructured":"Penke B, Bog\u00e1r F, Crul T, S\u00e1ntha M, T\u00f3th ME, V\u00edgh L (2018) Heat shock proteins and autophagy pathways in neuroprotection: from molecular bases to pharmacological interventions. Int J Mol Sci 19:325","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2_CR271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38347","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M005457200","volume":"275","author":"J Perdomo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Perdomo J, Holmes M, Chong B, Crossley M (2000) Eos and pegasus, two members of the Ikaros family of proteins with distinct DNA binding activities. J Biol Chem 275:38347\u201338354","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2_CR272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2450","volume":"8","author":"P Peterson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Peterson P, Org T, Rebane A (2008) Transcriptional regulation by AIRE: molecular mechanisms of central tolerance. Nat Rev Immunol 8:948\u2013957","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1038\/JID.2015.402","volume":"136","author":"L Petukhova","year":"2016","unstructured":"Petukhova L, Christiano AM (2016) Functional interpretation of genome-wide association study evidence in alopecia areata. J Invest Dermatol 136:314","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09114","volume":"466","author":"L Petukhova","year":"2010","unstructured":"Petukhova L, Duvic M, Hordinsky M, Norris D, Price V, Shimomura Y, Kim H, Singh P, Lee A, Chen WV (2010) Genome-wide association study in alopecia areata implicates both innate and adaptive immunity. Nature 466:113\u2013117","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2_CR275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13986","volume":"29","author":"L Petukhova","year":"2020","unstructured":"Petukhova L, Patel AV, Rigo RK, Bian L, Verbitsky M, Sanna-Cherchi S, Erjavec SO, Abdelaziz AR, Cerise JE, Jabbari A (2020) Integrative analysis of rare copy number variants and gene expression data in alopecia areata implicates an aetiological role for autophagy. Exp Dermatol 29:243\u2013253","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR276","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2006.00598.x","volume":"68","author":"J Pforr","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pforr J, Blaumeiser B, Becker T, Freudenberg-Hua Y, Hanneken S, Eigelshoven S, Cuyt I, De Weert J, Lambert J, Kruse R (2006) Investigation of the p. Ser278Arg polymorphism of the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene in alopecia areata. Tissue Antigens 68:58\u201361","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"2_CR277","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1996.d01-1099.x","volume":"135","author":"M Philpott","year":"1996","unstructured":"Philpott M, Sanders D, Bowen J, Kealey T (1996) Effects of interleukins, colony-stimulating factor and tumour necrosis factor on human hair follicle growth in vitro: a possible role for interleukin-1 and tumour necrosis factor-\u03b1 in alopecia areata. Br J Dermatol 135:942\u2013948","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR278","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.185","volume":"40","author":"GR Pielberg","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pielberg GR, Golovko A, Sundstr\u00f6m E, Curik I, Lennartsson J, Seltenhammer MH, Druml T, Binns M, Fitzsimmons C, Lindgren G (2008) A cis-acting regulatory mutation causes premature hair graying and susceptibility to melanoma in the horse. Nat Genet 40:1004\u20131009","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2_CR279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1992.tb01480.x","volume":"22","author":"F Pociot","year":"1992","unstructured":"Pociot F, M\u00f8lvig J, Wogensen L, Worsaae H, Nerup J (1992) A Taql polymorphism in the human interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2) gene correlates with IL-1\u03b2 secretion in vitro. Eur J Clin Invest 22:396\u2013402","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2_CR280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4773(98)00177-4","volume":"78","author":"B Powell","year":"1998","unstructured":"Powell B, Passmore E, Nesci A, Dunn S (1998) The Notch signalling pathway in hair growth. Mech Dev 78:189\u2013192","journal-title":"Mech Dev"},{"key":"2_CR281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01299","volume":"10","author":"MD Powell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Powell MD, Read KA, Sreekumar BK, Oestreich KJ (2019) Ikaros zinc finger transcription factors: regulators of cytokine signaling pathways and CD4+ T helper cell differentiation. Front Immunol 10:1299","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1038\/357211a0","volume":"357","author":"SJ Powis","year":"1992","unstructured":"Powis SJ, Deverson EV, Coadweil WJ, Ciruela A, Huskisson NS, Smith H, Butcher GW, Howard JC (1992) Effect of polymorphism of an MHC-linked transporter on the peptides assembled in a class I molecule. Nature 357:211\u2013215","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2_CR283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pratt CH, King LE, Messenger AG, Christiano AM, Sundberg JP (2017) Alopecia areata. Nat Rev Dis Primers 3:1\u201317","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.11"},{"key":"2_CR284","first-page":"43","volume":"8","author":"B Prie","year":"2015","unstructured":"Prie B, Voiculescu V, Ionescu-Bozdog O, Petrutescu B, Iosif L, Gaman L, Clatici V, Stoian I, Giurcaneanu C (2015) Oxidative stress and alopecia areata. J Med Life 8:43","journal-title":"J Med Life"},{"key":"2_CR285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-017-1047-1","volume":"66","author":"Y Qian","year":"2017","unstructured":"Qian Y, Wang G, Xue F, Chen L, Wang Y, Tang L, Yang H (2017) Genetic association between TAP1 and TAP2 polymorphisms and ankylosing spondylitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Inflamm Res 66:653\u2013661","journal-title":"Inflamm Res"},{"key":"2_CR286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.05.018","volume":"176","author":"T Qidwai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Qidwai T (2016) Chemokine genetic polymorphism in human health and disease. Immunol Lett 176:128\u2013138","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"2_CR287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-019-01934-9","volume":"311","author":"F Rajabi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rajabi F, Amoli MM, Robati RM, Almasi-Nasrabadi M, Jabalameli N (2019a) Macrophage migration inhibitory factor polymorphism (rs755622) in alopecia areata: a possible role in disease prevention. Arch Dermatol Res 311:589\u2013594","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"2_CR288","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1080\/08820139.2019.1597109","volume":"48","author":"F Rajabi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rajabi F, Amoli MM, Robati RM, Almasi-Nasrabadi M, Jabalameli N, Moravvej H (2019b) The association between genetic variation in Wnt transcription factor TCF7L2 (TCF4) and alopecia areata. Immunol Invest 48:555\u2013562","journal-title":"Immunol Invest"},{"key":"2_CR289","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.16808","volume":"179","author":"F Rajabi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rajabi F, Drake L, Senna M, Rezaei N (2018a) Alopecia areata: a review of disease pathogenesis. Br J Dermatol 179:1033\u20131048","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rajabi F, Drake L, Senna M, Rezaei N (2018b) Alopecia areata: a review of disease pathogenesis. Br J Dermatol","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.17209"},{"key":"2_CR291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2008.12.004","volume":"8","author":"R Rajaiah","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rajaiah R, Moudgil KD (2009) Heat-shock proteins can promote as well as regulate autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 8:388\u2013393","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"2_CR292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2017.1327509","volume":"13","author":"A Ramkumar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ramkumar A, Murthy D, Raja DA, Singh A, Krishnan A, Khanna S, Vats A, Thukral L, Sharma P, Sivasubbu S (2017) Classical autophagy proteins LC3B and ATG4B facilitate melanosome movement on cytoskeletal tracks. Autophagy 13:1331\u20131347","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"2_CR293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-018-1823-y","volume":"310","author":"Y Ramot","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ramot Y, Marzani B, Pinto D, Sorbellini E, Rinaldi F (2018) IL-17 inhibition: is it the long-awaited savior for alopecia areata? Arch Dermatol Res 310:383\u2013390","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"2_CR294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1038\/ni834","volume":"3","author":"JC Rathmell","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rathmell JC, Lindsten T, Zong W-X, Cinalli RM, Thompson CB (2002) Deficiency in Bak and Bax perturbs thymic selection and lymphoid homeostasis. Nat Immunol 3:932\u2013939","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12004","volume":"167","author":"S Redler","year":"2012","unstructured":"Redler S, Albert F, Brockschmidt F, Herold C, Hanneken S, Eigelshoven S, Giehl K, Kruse R, Lutz G, Wolff H (2012) Investigation of selected cytokine genes suggests that IL2RA and the TNF\/LTA locus are risk factors for severe alopecia areata. Br J Dermatol 167:1360\u20131365","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR296","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665113003613","volume":"73","author":"R Reilly","year":"2014","unstructured":"Reilly R, McNulty H, Pentieva K, Strain J, Ward M (2014) MTHFR 677TT genotype and disease risk: is there a modulating role for B-vitamins? Proc Nutrit Soc 73:47\u201356","journal-title":"Proc Nutrit Soc"},{"key":"2_CR297","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14497","volume":"175","author":"F Rencz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rencz F, Gul\u00e1csi L, P\u00e9ntek M, Wikonk\u00e1l N, Baji P, Brodszky V (2016) Alopecia areata and health-related quality of life: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Dermatol 175:561\u2013571","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR298","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/46938","volume":"402","author":"AJ Reynolds","year":"1999","unstructured":"Reynolds AJ, Lawrence C, Cserhalmi-Friedman PB, Christiano AM, Jahoda CA (1999) Trans-gender induction of hair follicles. Nature 402:33\u201334","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2_CR299","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.06.003","volume":"138","author":"MN Rivas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rivas MN, Chatila TA (2016) Regulatory T cells in allergic diseases. J Aller Clin Immunol 138:639\u2013652","journal-title":"J Aller Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D423","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku1161","volume":"43","author":"J Robinson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Robinson J, Halliwell JA, Hayhurst JD, Flicek P, Parham P, Marsh SG (2015) The IPD and IMGT\/HLA database: allele variant databases. Nucleic Acids Res 43:D423\u2013D431","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2_CR301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15782","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0607617103","volume":"103","author":"T-Y Roh","year":"2006","unstructured":"Roh T-Y, Cuddapah S, Cui K, Zhao K (2006) The genomic landscape of histone modifications in human T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci 103:15782\u201315787","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2_CR302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9626","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21249626","volume":"21","author":"AI Ruiz-Ballesteros","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ruiz-Ballesteros AI, Meza-Meza MR, Vizmanos-Lamotte B, Parra-Rojas I, de la Cruz-Mosso U (2020) Association of vitamin D metabolism gene polymorphisms with autoimmunity: evidence in population genetic studies. Int J Mol Sci 21:9626","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2_CR303","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4213","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202246","volume":"189","author":"P Sachin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sachin P, Gadani S, Cronk J, Norris G, Kipnis J (2012) Interleukin-4: a cytokine to remember. J Immunol 189:4213\u20134421","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2012.04676.x","volume":"27","author":"M Saeedi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Saeedi M, Amoli M, Robati R, Sayahpour F, Namazi N, Toossi P (2013) Macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene polymorphism is not associated with pemphigus vulgaris in Iranian patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 27:1127\u20131131","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"2_CR305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Safavi KH, Muller SA, Suman VJ, Moshell AN, Melton LJ (1995) Incidence of alopecia areata in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1975 through 1989. In: (eds) Mayo clinic proceedings. Elsevier, pp 628\u2013633","DOI":"10.4065\/70.7.628"},{"key":"2_CR306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salem SA, Asaad MK, Elsayed SB, Sehsah HM (2016) Evaluation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) levels in serum and lesional skin of patients with alopecia areata. International Journal of Dermatology.","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13344"},{"key":"2_CR307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2020.03.001","volume":"95","author":"MA Salinas-Santander","year":"2020","unstructured":"Salinas-Santander MA, Cantu-Salinas CS, Ocampo-Candiani J, Suarez-Valencia VdJ, Ramirez-Guerrero JG, Sanchez-Dominguez CN (2020) CTLA4+ 49AG (rs231775) and CT60 (rs3087243) gene variants are not associated with alopecia areata in a Mexican population from Monterrey Mexico. An Bras Dermatol 95:283\u2013288","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2015.2728","volume":"10","author":"M Salinas-Santander","year":"2015","unstructured":"Salinas-Santander M, S\u00e1nchez-Dom\u00ednguez C, Cant\u00fa-Salinas C, Gonzalez-C\u00e1rdenas H, Cepeda-Nieto AC, Cerda-Flores RM, Ortiz-L\u00f3pez R, Ocampo-Candiani J (2015) Association between PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism and alopecia areata risk. Exp Ther Med 10:1953\u20131958","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"2_CR309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.2174\/1389201043489657","volume":"5","author":"K Schroecksnadel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schroecksnadel K, Frick B, Wirleitner B, Winkler C, Schennach H, Fuchs D (2004) Moderate hyperhomocysteinemia and immune activation. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 5:107\u2013118","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Biotechnol"},{"key":"2_CR310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.2152\/jmi.52.236","volume":"52","author":"A Sekiyama","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sekiyama A, Ueda H, Kashiwamura S-i, Nishida K, Kawai K, Teshima-kondo S, Rokutan K, Okamura H (2005) IL-18; a cytokine translates a stress into medical science. J Med Invest 52:236\u2013239","journal-title":"J Med Invest"},{"key":"2_CR311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.IJD_286_17","volume":"63","author":"I Seleit","year":"2018","unstructured":"Seleit I, Bakry OA, Abd El Gayed E, Gawad AED (2018) Polymorphism of FAS and FAS ligand genes in alopecia areata: a case\u2013control study in Egyptian population. Indian J Dermatol 63:220","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.4103\/mmj.mmj_150_19","volume":"34","author":"IA Seleit","year":"2021","unstructured":"Seleit IA, Mohamed OAB, El-Hefnawy SM, Azooz SM (2021) Interleukin 17A gene polymorphism in alopecia areata. Menoufia Medical Journal 34:23","journal-title":"Menoufia Medical Journal"},{"key":"2_CR313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.3109\/08820139.2013.857351","volume":"43","author":"H Seok","year":"2014","unstructured":"Seok H, Jeon HS, Park HJ, Kim SK, Choi JH, Lew B-L, Chung J-H, Sim W-Y (2014a) Association of HSPA1B SNP rs6457452 with alopecia areata in the Korean population. Immunol Invest 43:212\u2013223","journal-title":"Immunol Invest"},{"key":"2_CR314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.3109\/08916934.2014.910769","volume":"47","author":"H Seok","year":"2014","unstructured":"Seok H, Suh DW, Jo B, Lee H-B, Jang HM, Park HK, Lew B-L, Chung J-H, Sim W-Y (2014b) Association between TLR1 polymorphisms and alopecia areata. Autoimmunity 47:372\u2013377","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"2_CR315","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3138","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13412","volume":"19","author":"WA Shehata","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shehata WA, Maraee A, Kamal H, Tayel N, Azmy R (2020) Protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 gene polymorphism in alopecia areata: does it have an association with disease severity? J Cosmet Dermatol 19:3138\u20133144","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi Q, Duvic M, Osei JS, Hordinsky MK, Norris DA, Price VH, Amos CI, Christiano AM, Mendoza TR (2013) Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in alopecia areata patients\u2014a secondary analysis of the national alopecia areata registry data. In: (eds) Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings. Nature Publishing Group, pp S49\u2013S50","DOI":"10.1038\/jidsymp.2013.18"},{"key":"2_CR317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2004.02.023","volume":"25","author":"Y Shi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shi Y (2004) Beyond skin color: emerging roles of melanin-concentrating hormone in energy homeostasis and other physiological functions. Peptides 25:1605\u20131611","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"2_CR318","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6364191","volume":"6","author":"T Shimizu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shimizu T, Hizawa N, Honda A, Zhao Y, Abe R, Watanabe H, Nishihira J, Nishimura M, Shimizu H (2005) Promoter region polymorphism of macrophage migration inhibitory factor is strong risk factor for young onset of extensive alopecia areata. Genes Immun 6:285\u2013289","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"key":"2_CR319","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202x.2001.01669.x","volume":"118","author":"T Shimizu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Shimizu T, Mizue Y, Abe R, Watanabe H, Shimizu H (2002) Increased macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in the sera of patients with extensive alopecia areata. J Invest Dermatol 118:555","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR320","first-page":"4327","volume":"63","author":"K Sibley","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sibley K, Rollinson S, Allan JM, Smith AG, Law GR, Roddam PL, Skibola CF, Smith MT, Morgan GJ (2003) Functional FAS promoter polymorphisms are associated with increased risk of acute myeloid leukemia. Can Res 63:4327\u20134330","journal-title":"Can Res"},{"key":"2_CR321","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(01)02040-3","volume":"22","author":"JE Sims","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sims JE, Nicklin M, Bazan JF, Barton JL, Busfield SJ, Ford JE, Kastelein RA, Kumar S, Lin H, Mulero JJ (2001) A new nomenclature for IL-1-family genes. Trends Immunol 22:536\u2013537","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-013-1034-4","volume":"87","author":"K Sinha","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sinha K, Das J, Pal PB, Sil PC (2013) Oxidative stress: the mitochondria-dependent and mitochondria-independent pathways of apoptosis. Arch Toxicol 87:1157\u20131180","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"2_CR323","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.05.016","volume":"157","author":"SA Soleimanpour","year":"2014","unstructured":"Soleimanpour SA, Gupta A, Bakay M, Ferrari AM, Groff DN, Fadista J, Spruce LA, Kushner JA, Groop L, Seeholzer SH (2014) The diabetes susceptibility gene Clec16a regulates mitophagy. Cell 157:1577\u20131590","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2_CR324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.603661","volume":"10","author":"ASCd Souza","year":"2020","unstructured":"Souza ASCd, Gon\u00e7alves LB, Lepique AP, Araujo-Souza D, Savio P (2020) The role of autophagy in tumor immunology-complex mechanisms that may be explored therapeutically. Front Oncol 10:2691","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"2_CR325","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.13479","volume":"46","author":"JJ Speiser","year":"2019","unstructured":"Speiser JJ, Mondo D, Mehta V, Marcial SA, Kini A, Hutchens KA (2019) Regulatory T-cells in alopecia areata. J Cutan Pathol 46:653\u2013658","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"2_CR326","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1038\/nri749","volume":"2","author":"P Srivastava","year":"2002","unstructured":"Srivastava P (2002) Roles of heat-shock proteins in innate and adaptive immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2:185\u2013194","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR327","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s002510100325","volume":"53","author":"A Steinle","year":"2001","unstructured":"Steinle A, Li P, Morris DL, Groh V, Lanier LL, Strong RK, Spies T (2001) Interactions of human NKG2D with its ligands MICA, MICB, and homologs of the mouse RAE-1 protein family. Immunogenetics 53:279\u2013287","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"2_CR328","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3315","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200939684","volume":"39","author":"J Stockis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stockis J, Colau D, Coulie PG, Lucas S (2009) Membrane protein GARP is a receptor for latent TGF-\u03b2 on the surface of activated human Treg. Eur J Immunol 39:3315\u20133322","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.03.039","volume":"52","author":"BE Strober","year":"2005","unstructured":"Strober BE, Siu K, Alexis AF, Kim G, Washenik K, Sinha A, Shupack JL (2005) Etanercept does not effectively treat moderate to severe alopecia areata: an open-label study. J Am Acad Dermatol 52:1082\u20131084","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4465","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.012025199","volume":"99","author":"AI Su","year":"2002","unstructured":"Su AI, Cooke MP, Ching KA, Hakak Y, Walker JR, Wiltshire T, Orth AP, Vega RG, Sapinoso LM, Moqrich A (2002) Large-scale analysis of the human and mouse transcriptomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci 99:4465\u20134470","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2_CR331","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.06.032","volume":"136","author":"M Su\u00e1rez-Fari\u00f1as","year":"2015","unstructured":"Su\u00e1rez-Fari\u00f1as M, Ungar B, Noda S, Shroff A, Mansouri Y, Fuentes-Duculan J, Czernik A, Zheng X, Estrada YD, Xu H (2015) Alopecia areata profiling shows TH1, TH2, and IL-23 cytokine activation without parallel TH17\/TH22 skewing. J Aller Clin Immunol 136:1277\u20131287","journal-title":"J Aller Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR332","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2010.05.002","volume":"96","author":"RD Subramanya","year":"2010","unstructured":"Subramanya RD, Coda AB, Sinha AA (2010) Transcriptional profiling in alopecia areata defines immune and cell cycle control related genes within disease-specific signatures. Genomics 96:146\u2013153","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"2_CR333","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/s41435-020-0100-1","volume":"21","author":"P-S Tabatabaei-Panah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tabatabaei-Panah P-S, Moravvej H, Delpasand S, Jafari M, Sepehri S, Abgoon R, Ludwig RJ, Akbarzadeh R (2020) IL12B and IL23R polymorphisms are associated with alopecia areata. Genes Immun 21:203\u2013210","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"key":"2_CR334","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.09.046","volume":"138","author":"A Tafazzoli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tafazzoli A, Forstner AJ, Broadley D, Hofmann A, Redler S, Petukhova L, Giehl KA, Kruse R, Blaumeiser B, B\u00f6hm M (2018) Genome-wide microRNA analysis implicates miR-30b\/d in the etiology of alopecia areata. J Investig Dermatol 138:549\u2013556","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.17582\/journal.jimb\/2018\/6.2.28.35","volume":"6","author":"G Taghiabadi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Taghiabadi G, Talebzade T, Altafi D, Hosseini I, Hojatiyan H, Taghizadeh M, Houshmand M, Sadeghi S (2018) Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms as markers of genetic susceptibility for alopecia areata disease risk. J Inf Mol Biol 6:28\u201335","journal-title":"J Inf Mol Biol"},{"key":"2_CR336","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.2.303","volume":"192","author":"T Takahashi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Takahashi T, Tagami T, Yamazaki S, Uede T, Shimizu J, Sakaguchi N, Mak TW, Sakaguchi S (2000) Immunologic self-tolerance maintained by CD25+ CD4+ regulatory T cells constitutively expressing cytotoxic T lymphocyte\u2013associated antigen 4. J Exp Med 192:303\u2013310","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2_CR337","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)00060-1","volume":"13","author":"S Takaki","year":"2000","unstructured":"Takaki S, Sauer K, Iritani BM, Chien S, Ebihara Y, Tsuji K-i, Takatsu K, Perlmutter RM (2000) Control of B cell production by the adaptor protein Lnk: definition of a conserved family of signal-modulating proteins. Immunity 13:599\u2013609","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2_CR338","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-14-27","volume":"14","author":"Y Tanaka","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tanaka Y, Komatsu T, Shigemi H, Yamauchi T, Fujii Y (2014) BIM EL is a key effector molecule in oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia cells when combined with arsenic trioxide and buthionine sulfoximine. BMC Cancer 14:1\u201311","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"2_CR339","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1159\/000350933","volume":"226","author":"A Tanemura","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tanemura A, Oiso N, Nakano M, Itoi S, Kawada A, Katayama I (2013) Alopecia areata: infiltration of Th17 cells in the dermis, particularly around hair follicles. Dermatology 226:333\u2013336","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"2_CR340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12395398","volume":"103","author":"JK Tarlow","year":"1994","unstructured":"Tarlow JK, Clay FE, Cork MJ, Blakemore AI, McDonagh AJ, Messenger AG, Duff GW (1994) Severity of alopecia areata is associated with a polymorphism in the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene. J Investig Dermatol 103:387\u2013390","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR341","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-002-0898-9","volume":"112","author":"R Tazi-Ahnini","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tazi-Ahnini R, Cork M, Wengraf D, Wilson A, Gawkrodger D, Birch M, Messenger A, McDonagh A (2003) Notch4, a non-HLA gene in the MHC is strongly associated with the most severe form of alopecia areata. Hum Genet 112:400\u2013403","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"2_CR342","first-page":"639","volume":"106","author":"R Tazi-Ahnini","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tazi-Ahnini R, di Giovine FS, McDonagh AJ, Messenger AG, Amadou C, Cox A, Duff GW, Cork MJ (2000) Structure and polymorphism of the human gene for the interferon-induced p78 protein (MX1): evidence of association with alopecia areata in the Down syndrome region. Hum Genet 106:639\u2013645","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"2_CR343","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2540.2001.00916.x","volume":"87","author":"R Tazi-Ahnini","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tazi-Ahnini R, McDonagh AJ, Cox A, Messenger AG, Britton JE, Ward SJ, B\u00e5vik CO, Duff GW, Cork MJ (2001) Association analysis of IL1A and IL1B variants in alopecia areata. Heredity 87:215\u2013219","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"2_CR344","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-0039.2002.600604.x","volume":"60","author":"R Tazi-Ahnini","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tazi-Ahnini R, Cork M, Gawkrodger D, Birch M, Wengraf D, McDonagh A, Messenger A (2002a) Role of the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene in alopecia areata: strong association of a potentially functional AIRE polymorphism with alopecia universalis. Tissue Antigens 60:489\u2013495","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"2_CR345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2370.2002.00271.x","volume":"29","author":"R Tazi-Ahnini","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tazi-Ahnini R, Cox A, McDonagh A, Nicklin M, Di Giovine F, Timms J, Messenger A, Dimitropoulou P, Duff G, Cork M (2002b) Genetic analysis of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and its homologue IL-1L1 in alopecia areata: strong severity association and possible gene interaction. Eur J Immunogenet 29:25\u201330","journal-title":"Eur J Immunogenet"},{"key":"2_CR346","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2370.2002.00271.x","volume":"29","author":"R Tazi-Ahnini","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tazi-Ahnini R, Cox A, McDonagh A, Nicklin M, Di Giovine F, Timms J, Messenger A, Dimitropoulou P, Duff G, Cork M (2002c) Genetic analysis of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and its homologue IL-1L1 in alopecia areata: strong severity association and possible gene interaction\u2021. Eur J Immunogenet 29:25\u201330","journal-title":"Eur J Immunogenet"},{"key":"2_CR347","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12396","volume":"169","author":"M Tembhre","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tembhre M, Sharma V (2013) T-helper and regulatory T-cell cytokines in the peripheral blood of patients with active alopecia areata. Br J Dermatol 169:543\u2013548","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR348","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18282-1","volume":"8","author":"K Thanomkitti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thanomkitti K, Kanlaya R, Fong-Ngern K, Kapincharanon C, Sueksakit K, Chanchaem P, Thuangtong R, Thongboonkerd V (2018) Differential proteomics of lesional vs. non-lesional biopsies revealed non-immune mechanisms of alopecia areata. Sci Rep 8:1\u201313","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2_CR349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/1074-7613(95)90125-6","volume":"3","author":"EA Tivol","year":"1995","unstructured":"Tivol EA, Borriello F, Schweitzer AN, Lynch WP, Bluestone JA, Sharpe AH (1995) Loss of CTLA-4 leads to massive lymphoproliferation and fatal multiorgan tissue destruction, revealing a critical negative regulatory role of CTLA-4. Immunity 3:541\u2013547","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2_CR350","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1159\/000353159","volume":"227","author":"G Tojo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tojo G, Fujimura T, Kawano M, Ogasawara K, Kambayashi Y, Furudate S, Mizuashi M, Aiba S (2013) Comparison of interleukin-17-producing cells in different clinical types of alopecia areata. Dermatology 227:78\u201382","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"2_CR351","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1080\/08820139.2019.1671450","volume":"49","author":"EA Toraih","year":"2020","unstructured":"Toraih EA, Ameen HM, Hussein MH, Youssef Elabd AA, Mohamed AM, Abdel-Gawad AR, Fawzy MS (2020) Association of autoimmune regulator gene Rs2075876 variant, but not gene expression with alopecia areata in males: a case\u2013control study. Immunol Invest 49:146\u2013165","journal-title":"Immunol Invest"},{"key":"2_CR352","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.03.031","volume":"59","author":"A Tosti","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tosti A, Whiting D, Iorizzo M, Pazzaglia M, Misciali C, Vincenzi C, Micali G (2008) The role of scalp dermoscopy in the diagnosis of alopecia areata incognita. J Am Acad Dermatol 59:64\u201367","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13445","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0901944106","volume":"106","author":"DQ Tran","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tran DQ, Andersson J, Wang R, Ramsey H, Unutmaz D, Shevach EM (2009) GARP (LRRC32) is essential for the surface expression of latent TGF-\u03b2 on platelets and activated FOXP3+ regulatory T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci 106:13445\u201313450","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2_CR354","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.01.017","volume":"61","author":"S Trautman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Trautman S, Thompson M, Roberts J, Thompson CT (2009) Melanocytes: a possible autoimmune target in alopecia areata. J Am Acad Dermatol 61:529\u2013530","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32482-3","volume":"8","author":"C Triantos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Triantos C, Aggeletopoulou I, Kalafateli M, Spantidea PI, Vourli G, Diamantopoulou G, Tapratzi D, Michalaki M, Manolakopoulos S, Gogos C (2018) Prognostic significance of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms in liver cirrhosis. Sci Rep 8:1\u201314","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2_CR356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1038\/348741a0","volume":"348","author":"J Trowsdale","year":"1990","unstructured":"Trowsdale J, Hanson I, Mockridge I, Beck S, Townsendt A, Kelly A (1990) Sequences encoded in the class II region of the MHC related to the \u2018ABC\u2019 superfamily of transporters. Nature 348:741\u2013744","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2_CR357","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00321","volume":"4","author":"S Tsai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tsai S, Santamaria P (2013) MHC class II polymorphisms, autoreactive T-cells, and autoimmunity. Front Immunol 4:321","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR358","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s12192-019-01000-3","volume":"24","author":"S Tukaj","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tukaj S, Kaminski M (2019) Heat shock proteins in the therapy of autoimmune diseases: too simple to be true? Cell Stress Chaperones 24:475\u2013479","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chaperones"},{"key":"2_CR359","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01621","volume":"423","author":"H Ueda","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ueda H, Howson JM, Esposito L, Heward J, Chamberlain G, Rainbow DB, Hunter KM, Smith AN, Di Genova G, Herr MH (2003) Association of the T-cell regulatory gene CTLA4 with susceptibility to autoimmune disease. Nature 423:506\u2013511","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2_CR360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Urbanavicius J, Lagos P, L\u00f3pez X, Torterolo P, Scorza C (2018) MCH and depression. In (eds) Melanin-concentrating hormone and sleep. Springer, pp 195\u2013206","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-75765-0_11"},{"key":"2_CR361","first-page":"5398","volume":"115","author":"R van Bruggen","year":"2010","unstructured":"van Bruggen R, K\u00f6ker MY, Jansen M, van Houdt M, Roos D, Kuijpers TW, van den Berg TK (2010) Human NLRP3 inflammasome activation is Nox1-4 independent. Blood J Am Soc Hematol 115:5398\u20135400","journal-title":"Blood J Am Soc Hematol"},{"key":"2_CR362","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555572373375","volume":"72","author":"P Van der Steen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Van der Steen P, Traupe H, Happle R, Boezeman J, Str\u00e4ter R, Hamm H (1992) The genetic risk for alopecia areata in first degree relatives of severely affected patients An estimate. Acta Derm Venereol 72:373\u2013375","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"2_CR363","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2012.12.017","volume":"74","author":"T Vang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vang T, Landskron J, Viken MK, Oberprieler N, Torgersen KM, Mustelin T, Tasken K, Tautz L, Rickert RC, Lie BA (2013) The autoimmune-predisposing variant of lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase favors T helper 1 responses. Hum Immunol 74:574\u2013585","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1080\/08916930701464897","volume":"40","author":"T Vang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vang T, Miletic AV, Bottini N, Mustelin T (2007) Protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN22 in human autoimmunity. Autoimmunity 40:453\u2013461","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"2_CR365","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20011883","volume":"195","author":"L Velazquez","year":"2002","unstructured":"Velazquez L, Cheng AM, Fleming HE, Furlonger C, Vesely S, Bernstein A, Paige CJ, Pawson T (2002) Cytokine signaling and hematopoietic homeostasis are disrupted in Lnk-deficient mice. J Exp Med 195:1599\u20131611","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2_CR366","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00382","volume":"7","author":"E Volpe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Volpe E, Sambucci M, Battistini L, Borsellino G (2016) Fas\u2013fas ligand: checkpoint of t cell functions in multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol 7:382","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR367","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wallace CH, Wu BX, Salem M, Ansa-Addo EA, Metelli A, Sun S, Gilkeson G, Shlomchik MJ, Liu B, Li Z (2018) B lymphocytes confer immune tolerance via cell surface GARP-TGF-\u03b2 complex. JCI Insight 3","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.99863"},{"key":"2_CR368","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-3773(20020402)41:7<1098::AID-ANIE1098>3.0.CO;2-9","volume":"41","author":"S Walter","year":"2002","unstructured":"Walter S, Buchner J (2002) Molecular chaperones\u2014cellular machines for protein folding. Angew Chem Int Ed 41:1098\u20131113","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed"},{"key":"2_CR369","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang E, Chong K, Yu M, Akhoundsadegh N, Granville DJ, Shapiro J, McElwee KJ (2013) Development of autoimmune hair loss disease alopecia areata is associated with cardiac dysfunction in C3H\/HeJ mice. PloS One 8:e62935","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062935"},{"key":"2_CR370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang EH, Khosravi-Maharlooei M, Jalili RB, Yu R, Ghahary A, Shapiro J, McElwee KJ (2015) Transfer of alopecia areata to C3H\/HeJ mice using cultured lymph node\u2013derived cells. J Invest Dermatol","DOI":"10.1038\/protex.2014.050"},{"key":"2_CR371","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13439","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0901965106","volume":"106","author":"R Wang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wang R, Kozhaya L, Mercer F, Khaitan A, Fujii H, Unutmaz D (2009) Expression of GARP selectively identifies activated human FOXP3+ regulatory T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci 106:13439\u201313444","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2_CR372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e11-12-1018","volume":"23","author":"R Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang R, Zhu J, Dong X, Shi M, Lu C, Springer TA (2012) GARP regulates the bioavailability and activation of TGF\u03b2. Mol Biol Cell 23:1129\u20131139","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"2_CR373","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2015.04.012","volume":"75","author":"T Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang T, Secombes CJ (2015) The evolution of IL-4 and IL-13 and their receptor subunits. Cytokine 75:8\u201313","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"2_CR374","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.368","volume":"134","author":"X Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang X, Marr AK, Breitkopf T, Leung G, Hao J, Wang E, Kwong N, Akhoundsadegh N, Chen L, Mui A (2014) Hair follicle mesenchyme-associated PD-L1 regulates T-cell activation induced apoptosis: a potential mechanism of immune privilege. J Investig Dermatol 134:736\u2013745","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR375","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1097\/01.shk.0000223125.56888.c7","volume":"26","author":"A-q Wen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wen A-q, Wang J, Feng K, Zhu P-f, Wang Z-g, Jiang J-x (2006) Effects of haplotypes in the interleukin 1\u03b2 promoter on lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin 1\u03b2 expression. Shock 26:25\u201330","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"2_CR376","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2007.00992.x","volume":"71","author":"D Wengraf","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wengraf D, McDonagh A, Lovewell T, Vasilopoulos Y, Macdonald-Hull S, Cork M, Messenger A, Tazi-Ahnini R (2008) Genetic analysis of autoimmune regulator haplotypes in alopecia areata. Tissue Antigens 71:206\u2013212","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"2_CR377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00292","volume":"8","author":"M Wieczorek","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wieczorek M, Abualrous ET, Sticht J, \u00c1lvaro-Benito M, Stolzenberg S, No\u00e9 F, Freund C (2017) Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and MHC class II proteins: conformational plasticity in antigen presentation. Front Immunol 8:292","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2007.04.082","volume":"581","author":"L Wieten","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wieten L, Broere F, van der Zee R, Koerkamp EK, Wagenaar J, van Eden W (2007) Cell stress induced HSP are targets of regulatory T cells: a role for HSP inducing compounds as anti-inflammatory immuno-modulators? FEBS Lett 581:3716\u20133722","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"2_CR379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1007\/s12192-010-0209-7","volume":"15","author":"TC Wikramanayake","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wikramanayake TC, Alvarez-Connelly E, Simon J, Mauro LM, Guzman J, Elgart G, Schachner LA, Chen J, Plano LR, Jimenez JJ (2010) Heat treatment increases the incidence of alopecia areata in the C3H\/HeJ mouse model. Cell Stress Chaperones 15:985\u2013991","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chaperones"},{"key":"2_CR380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s12192-011-0305-3","volume":"17","author":"TC Wikramanayake","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wikramanayake TC, Villasante AC, Mauro LM, Perez CI, Schachner LA, Jimenez JJ (2012) Prevention and treatment of alopecia areata with quercetin in the C3H\/HeJ mouse model. Cell Stress Chaperones 17:267\u2013274","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chaperones"},{"key":"2_CR381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1160062","volume":"322","author":"K Wing","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wing K, Onishi Y, Prieto-Martin P, Yamaguchi T, Miyara M, Fehervari Z, Nomura T, Sakaguchi S (2008) CTLA-4 control over Foxp3+ regulatory T cell function. Science 322:271\u2013275","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2_CR382","unstructured":"Witkowska-Toboa AM, Szczerkowska-Dobosz A, Nedoszytko B, Roszkiewicz J (2004) Polymorphism of the TAP1 gene in Polish patients with psoriasis vulgaris. J Appl Genet 45:391\u2013393"},{"key":"2_CR383","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2009-10-11-r130","volume":"10","author":"C Wu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wu C, Orozco C, Boyer J, Leglise M, Goodale J, Batalov S, Hodge CL, Haase J, Janes J, Huss JW (2009) BioGPS: an extensible and customizable portal for querying and organizing gene annotation resources. Genome Biol 10:1\u20138","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"2_CR384","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.1.132","volume":"170","author":"J Wu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wu J, Metz C, Xu X, Abe R, Gibson AW, Edberg JC, Cooke J, Xie F, Cooper GS, Kimberly RP (2003) A novel polymorphic CAAT\/enhancer-binding protein \u03b2 element in the FasL gene promoter alters Fas ligand expression: a candidate background gene in African American systemic lupus erythematosus patients. J Immunol 170:132\u2013138","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR386","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-005-0608-2","volume":"297","author":"F-L Xiao","year":"2005","unstructured":"Xiao F-L, Zhou F-S, Liu J-B, Yan K-L, Cui Y, Gao M, Liang Y-H, Sun L-D, Zhou S-M, Zhu Y-G (2005) Association of HLA-DQA1 and DQB1 alleles with alolpecia areata in Chinese Hans. Arch Dermatol Res 297:201\u2013209","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"2_CR385","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2005.07.008","volume":"41","author":"F-L Xiao","year":"2006","unstructured":"Xiao F-L, Yang S, Yan K-l, Cui Y, Liang Y-H, Zhou F-S, Du W-H, Gao M, Sun L-D, Fan X (2006a) Association of HLA class I alleles with aloplecia areata in Chinese Hans. J Dermatol Sci 41:109\u2013119","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"2_CR387","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2006.00161.x","volume":"23","author":"FL Xiao","year":"2006","unstructured":"Xiao FL, Yang S, Liu JB, He PP, Yang J, Cui Y, Yan KL, Gao M, Liang YH, Zhang XJ (2006b) The epidemiology of childhood alopecia areata in China: a study of 226 patients. Pediatr Dermatol 23:13\u201318","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2006.01750.x","volume":"20","author":"FL Xiao","year":"2006","unstructured":"Xiao FL, Ye DQ, Yang S, Zhou FS, Zhou SM, Zhu YG, Liang YH, Ren YQ, Zhang XJ (2006c) Association of HLA haplotype with alopecia areata in Chinese Hans. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 20:1207\u20131213","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"2_CR389","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3645","volume":"20","author":"L Xing","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xing L, Dai Z, Jabbari A, Cerise JE, Higgins CA, Gong W, De Jong A, Harel S, DeStefano GM, Rothman L (2014) Alopecia areata is driven by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and is reversed by JAK inhibition. Nat Med 20:1043\u20131049","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2_CR390","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12313","volume":"41","author":"Y Xiong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xiong Y, Liu Y, Song Z, Hao F, Yang X (2014) Identification of Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling pathway in dermal papilla cells of human scalp hair follicles: TCF 4 regulates the proliferation and secretory activity of dermal papilla cell. J Dermatol 41:84\u201391","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yamamoto K, Fujiyama Y, Andoh A, Bamba T, Okabe H (2001) Oxidative stress increases MICA and MICB gene expression in the human colon carcinoma cell line (CaCo-2). Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-General Subjects 1526:10\u201312","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4165(01)00099-X"},{"key":"2_CR392","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2020.1769973","volume":"16","author":"K Yamamoto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yamamoto K, Venida A, Perera RM, Kimmelman AC (2020) Selective autophagy of MHC-I promotes immune evasion of pancreatic cancer. Autophagy 16:1524\u20131525","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"2_CR393","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26549","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.658088","volume":"290","author":"Z Yang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang Z, Wilkie-Grantham RP, Yanagi T, Shu C-W, Matsuzawa S-i, Reed JC (2015) ATG4B (Autophagin-1) phosphorylation modulates autophagy. J Biol Chem 290:26549\u201326561","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2_CR394","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.12556","volume":"40","author":"J Yenin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yenin J, Serarslan G, Y\u00f6nden Z, Uluta\u015f K (2015) Investigation of oxidative stress in patients with alopecia areata and its relationship with disease severity, duration, recurrence and pattern. Clin Exp Dermatol 40:617\u2013621","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR395","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.21731","volume":"29","author":"DNA Younan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Younan DNA, Agamia N, Elshafei A, Ebeid N (2015) Serum level of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in Egyptians with alopecia areata and its relation to the clinical severity of the disease. J Clin Lab Anal 29:74\u201379","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"key":"2_CR396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19914","volume":"6","author":"WJ Yun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yun WJ, Kim E-Y, Park J-E, Jo SY, Bang SH, Chang E-J, Chang SE (2016) Microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 is involved in melanogenesis via regulation of MITF expression in melanocytes. Sci Rep 6:1\u201311","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2_CR397","first-page":"40","volume":"10","author":"N Zainodini","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zainodini N, Hassanshahi G, Kazemi Arababadi M, Khorramdelazad H, Mirzaei A (2013) Differential expression of CXCL1, CXCL9 CXCL10 and CXCL12 chemokines in alopecia areata. Iran J Immunol 10:40\u201346","journal-title":"Iran J Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR398","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3800","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.763532","volume":"292","author":"J Zeng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zeng J, Deng S, Wang Y, Li P, Tang L, Pang Y (2017) Specific inhibition of Acyl-CoA oxidase-1 by an acetylenic acid improves hepatic lipid and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism in rats fed a high fat diet. J Biol Chem 292:3800\u20133809","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2_CR399","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2370.2002.00307.x","volume":"29","author":"SL Zhang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zhang SL, Chabod J, Penfornis A, Reviron D, Tiberghien P, Wendling D, Toussirot E (2002) TAP1 and TAP2 gene polymorphism in rheumatoid arthritis in a population in eastern France. Eur J Immunogenet 29:241\u2013249","journal-title":"Eur J Immunogenet"},{"key":"2_CR400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13217","volume":"26","author":"M Zheng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zheng M, Ren Y (2017) The genetic basis of pigmentation in alopecia areata. Exp Dermatol 26:542\u2013543","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2010.05.004","volume":"86","author":"A Zhernakova","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhernakova A, Elbers CC, Ferwerda B, Romanos J, Trynka G, Dubois PC, De Kovel CG, Franke L, Oosting M, Barisani D (2010) Evolutionary and functional analysis of celiac risk loci reveals SH2B3 as a protective factor against bacterial infection. Am J Hum Genet 86:970\u2013977","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2_CR402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00476","volume":"9","author":"A Zingoni","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zingoni A, Molfetta R, Fionda C, Soriani A, Paolini R, Cippitelli M, Cerboni C, Santoni A (2018) NKG2D and its ligands: \u201cone for all, all for one.\u201d Front Immunol 9:476","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2_CR403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2002.01745.x","volume":"118","author":"M Z\u00f6ller","year":"2002","unstructured":"Z\u00f6ller M, McElwee KJ, Engel P, Hoffmann R (2002) Transient CD44 variant isoform expression and reduction in CD4+\/CD25+ regulatory T cells in C3H\/HeJ mice with alopecia areata. J Investig Dermatol 118:983\u2013992","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"2_CR404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zuo J, Willcox BE, Moss P (2017) ULBPs: regulators of human lymphocyte stress recognition. Oncotarget 8:106157","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.22417"}],"container-title":["Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology","The Immunogenetics of Dermatologic Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-92616-8_2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T05:56:23Z","timestamp":1726811783000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-92616-8_2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"ISBN":["9783030926151","9783030926168"],"references-count":404,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-92616-8_2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0065-2598","2214-8019"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0065-2598"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2214-8019"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 March 2022","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}