{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T22:18:53Z","timestamp":1770589133559,"version":"3.49.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783030965266","type":"print"},{"value":"9783030965273","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-96527-3_7","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]],"date-time":"2022-02-08T14:02:33Z","timestamp":1644328953000},"page":"103-117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Recycling Hashes from Reversible Bitcoin Mining to Seed Pseudorandom Number Generators"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5961-3571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henri T.","family":"Heinonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2691-4575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Semenov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"7_CR1","unstructured":"Alphabet (google): energy consumption 2019 | statista. https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20211029095928\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/788540\/energy-consumption-of-google\/. Accessed 08 Nov 2021"},{"key":"7_CR2","unstructured":"Antminer s19 pro - the future of mining. https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210906102302\/shop.bitmain.com\/release\/AntminerS19Pro\/overview. Accessed 06 Sep 2021"},{"key":"7_CR3","unstructured":"Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20211103223918\/bitcoin.org\/bitcoin.pdf. Accessed 04 Nov 2021"},{"key":"7_CR4","unstructured":"Bitcoin\u2019s energy usage isn\u2019t a problem. here\u2019s why. https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20211103232331\/www.lynalden.com\/bitcoin-energy\/. Accessed 08 Nov 2021"},{"key":"7_CR5","unstructured":"Carbon dioxide emissions - motiva. https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201030003703\/www.motiva.fi\/en\/solutions\/energy_use_in_finland\/carbon_dioxide_emissions. Accessed 26 Oct 2021"},{"key":"7_CR6","unstructured":"Difficulty - bitcoin wiki. https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210813113701\/en.bitcoin.it\/wiki\/Difficulty. Accessed 29 Sep 2021"},{"key":"7_CR7","unstructured":"Docs and resources - IBM quantum experience - shor\u2019s algorithm. https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201101072900\/quantum-computing.ibm.com\/docs\/iqx\/guide\/shors-algorithm. Accessed 06 Sep 2021"},{"key":"7_CR8","unstructured":"Facebook electricity usage globally 2019 | statista. https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210818230043\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/580087\/energy-use-of-facebook\/. Accessed 08 Nov 2021"},{"key":"7_CR9","unstructured":"Final consumption of energy - motiva. https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20211026171442\/www.motiva.fi\/en\/solutions\/energy_use_in_finland\/final_consumption_of_energy. Accessed 26 Oct 2021"},{"key":"7_CR10","unstructured":"Gridcoin white paper - the computation power of a blockchain driving science and data analysis. https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210815003224\/gridcoin.us\/assets\/docs\/whitepaper.pdf. Accessed 04 Nov 2021"},{"key":"7_CR11","unstructured":"Network difficulty - a relative measure of how difficult it is to mine a new block for the blockchain. https:\/\/www.blockchain.com\/charts\/difficulty. Accessed 03 Sep 2021"},{"key":"7_CR12","unstructured":"On bitcoin\u2019s energy consumption: A quantitative approach to a subjective question. https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20211108150128\/docsend.com\/view\/adwmdeeyfvqwecj2. Accessed 08 Nov 2021"},{"key":"7_CR13","unstructured":"Re: Theoretical minimum # of logic operations to perform double iterated sha256? https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210906102310\/bitcointalk.org\/index.php?topic=1029536.msg11145144. Accessed 06 Sep 2021"},{"key":"7_CR14","unstructured":"Reversible computing: The only future for general digital computing. https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210401031527\/cfwebprod.sandia.gov\/cfdocs\/CompResearch\/docs\/LPS21-talk-v5.pdf. Accessed 01 Oct 2021"},{"key":"7_CR15","unstructured":"Statistics Finland - energy supply and consumption. https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210414035155\/www.stat.fi\/til\/ehk\/2019\/ehk_2019_2020-12-21_tie_001_en.html. Accessed 08 Nov 2021"},{"key":"7_CR16","unstructured":"Total hash rate (th\/s) - the estimated number of terahashes per second the bitcoin network is performing in the last 24 hours. https:\/\/www.blockchain.com\/charts\/hash-rate. Accessed 03 Oct 2021"},{"key":"7_CR17","unstructured":"Turning off bitcoin\u2019s inflation funded security model - wishful thinking? https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20211012055718\/www.onionfutures.com\/turning-off-bitcoins-inflation. Accessed 26 Oct 2021"},{"key":"7_CR18","unstructured":"The zettabyte era officially begins (how much is that?). https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210813122554\/blogs.cisco.com\/sp\/the-zettabyte-era-officially-begins-how-much-is-that. Accessed 04 Oct 2021"},{"issue":"6","key":"7_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1147\/rd.176.0525","volume":"17","author":"CH Bennett","year":"1973","unstructured":"Bennett, C.H.: Logical reversibility of computation. IBM J. Res. Dev. 17(6), 525\u2013532 (1973). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1147\/rd.176.0525","journal-title":"IBM J. Res. Dev."},{"key":"7_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bizzaro, F., Conti, M., Pini, M.S.: Proof of evolution: leveraging blockchain mining for a cooperative execution of genetic algorithms. In: 2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain), pp. 450\u2013455. IEEE (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/Blockchain50366.2020.00065"},{"issue":"2","key":"7_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1137\/0215025","volume":"15","author":"L Blum","year":"1986","unstructured":"Blum, L., Blum, M., Shub, M.: A simple unpredictable pseudo-random number generator. SIAM J. Comput. 15(2), 364\u2013383 (1986)","journal-title":"SIAM J. Comput."},{"key":"7_CR22","volume-title":"Cryptography Engineering: Design Principles and Practical Applications","author":"N Ferguson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ferguson, N., Schneier, B., Kohno, T.: Cryptography Engineering: Design Principles and Practical Applications. Wiley, Hoboken (2011)"},{"key":"7_CR23","volume-title":"Nanocomputer Systems Engineering","author":"MP Frank","year":"2006","unstructured":"Frank, M.P.: Nanocomputer Systems Engineering. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2006)"},{"issue":"6","key":"7_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.3390\/e23060701","volume":"23","author":"MP Frank","year":"2021","unstructured":"Frank, M.P., Shukla, K.: Quantum foundations of classical reversible computing. Entropy 23(6), 701 (2021)","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"key":"7_CR25","unstructured":"Heinonen, H.: Katsaus kvanttilaskentateknologiaan ja sen sovelluksiin. Informaatioteknologian tiedekunnan julkaisuja 88\/2021, 1\u201379 (2021). https:\/\/jyx.jyu.fi\/handle\/123456789\/74322"},{"key":"7_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heinonen, H.T.: On creation of a stablecoin based on the Morini\u2019s scheme of Inv&Sav wallets and antimoney. Accepted to IEEE Workshop on Blockchain Security, Application, and Performance (BSAP 2021) (2021)","DOI":"10.1109\/Blockchain53845.2021.00064"},{"key":"7_CR27","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-66046-8_40","volume-title":"Computational Data and Social Networks","author":"HT Heinonen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Heinonen, H.T., Semenov, A., Boginski, V.: Collective behavior of price changes of ERC-20 tokens. In: Chellappan, S., Choo, K.-K.R., Phan, N.H. (eds.) CSoNet 2020. LNCS, vol. 12575, pp. 487\u2013498. Springer, Cham (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-66046-8_40"},{"key":"7_CR28","unstructured":"Kaskaloglu, K.: Near zero bitcoin transaction fees cannot last forever (2014)"},{"key":"7_CR29","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-46513-8_2","volume-title":"Selected Areas in Cryptography","author":"J Kelsey","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kelsey, J., Schneier, B., Ferguson, N.: Yarrow-160: notes on the design and analysis of the yarrow cryptographic pseudorandom number generator. In: Heys, H., Adams, C. (eds.) SAC 1999. LNCS, vol. 1758, pp. 13\u201333. Springer, Heidelberg (2000). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-46513-8_2"},{"key":"7_CR30","unstructured":"King, S.: Primecoin: Cryptocurrency with prime number proof-of-work (2013). July 7th 1(6)"},{"issue":"3","key":"7_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1147\/rd.53.0183","volume":"5","author":"R Landauer","year":"1961","unstructured":"Landauer, R.: Irreversibility and heat generation in the computing process. IBM J. Res. Dev. 5(3), 183\u2013191 (1961)","journal-title":"IBM J. Res. Dev."},{"key":"7_CR32","unstructured":"Manthey, N., Heusser, J.: Satcoin-bitcoin mining via sat. In: SAT COMPETITION 2018, p. 67 (2018)"},{"key":"7_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miller, A., Juels, A., Shi, E., Parno, B., Katz, J.: Permacoin: repurposing bitcoin work for data preservation. In: 2014 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, pp. 475\u2013490. IEEE (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2014.37"},{"issue":"2","key":"7_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s12053-015-9371-1","volume":"9","author":"N Mills","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mills, N., Mills, E.: Taming the energy use of gaming computers. Energ. Effi. 9(2), 321\u2013338 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12053-015-9371-1","journal-title":"Energ. Effi."},{"key":"7_CR35","unstructured":"Noll, L.C., Mende, R.G., Sisodiya, S.: Method for seeding a pseudo-random number generator with a cryptographic hash of a digitization of a chaotic system. US Patent 5,732,138, 24 March 1998"},{"issue":"7","key":"7_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2019.05.012","volume":"3","author":"C Stoll","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stoll, C., Klaa\u00dfen, L., Gallersd\u00f6rfer, U.: The carbon footprint of bitcoin. Joule 3(7), 1647\u20131661 (2019)","journal-title":"Joule"},{"key":"7_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taylor, M.B.: Bitcoin and the age of bespoke silicon. In: 2013 International Conference on Compilers, Architecture and Synthesis for Embedded Systems (CASES), pp. 1\u201310. IEEE (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/CASES.2013.6662520"},{"key":"7_CR38","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-10003-2_104","volume-title":"Automata, Languages and Programming","author":"T Toffoli","year":"1980","unstructured":"Toffoli, T.: Reversible computing. In: de Bakker, J., van Leeuwen, J. (eds.) ICALP 1980. LNCS, vol. 85, pp. 632\u2013644. Springer, Heidelberg (1980). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-10003-2_104"},{"issue":"4","key":"7_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2019.02.007","volume":"3","author":"A de Vries","year":"2019","unstructured":"de Vries, A.: Renewable energy will not solve bitcoin\u2019s sustainability problem. Joule 3(4), 893\u2013898 (2019)","journal-title":"Joule"},{"key":"7_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2021.105901","volume":"175","author":"A de Vries","year":"2021","unstructured":"de Vries, A., Stoll, C.: Bitcoin\u2019s growing e-waste problem. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 175, 105901 (2021)","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"7_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, G., Nixon, M.: Randchain: practical scalable decentralized randomness attested by blockchain. In: 2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain), pp. 442\u2013449. IEEE (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/Blockchain50366.2020.00064"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Blockchain \u2013 ICBC 2021"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-030-96527-3_7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T01:03:12Z","timestamp":1770512592000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-030-96527-3_7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"ISBN":["9783030965266","9783030965273"],"references-count":41,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-96527-3_7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 February 2022","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"ICBC","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Blockchain","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2021","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"10 December 2021","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"14 December 2021","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"4","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"icbc2021","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/www.servicessociety.org\/icbc","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}