{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T12:18:41Z","timestamp":1762604321815,"version":"3.40.3"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783031116469"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783031116476"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-11647-6_12","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T12:04:01Z","timestamp":1658750641000},"page":"71-76","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exploring Fairness in\u00a0Automated Grading and\u00a0Feedback Generation of\u00a0Open-Response Math Problems"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7003-1476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashish","family":"Gurung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3280-288X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neil T.","family":"Heffernan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"12_CR1","unstructured":"Baral, S., Botelho, A.F., Erickson, J.A., Benachamardi, P., Heffernan, N.T.: Improving automated scoring of student open responses in mathematics. International Educational Data Mining Society (2021)"},{"key":"12_CR2","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-45153-4_50","volume-title":"Adaptive and Adaptable Learning","author":"S Bhatnagar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bhatnagar, S., Lasry, N., Desmarais, M., Charles, E.: DALITE: asynchronous peer instruction for MOOCs. In: Verbert, K., Sharples, M., Klobu\u010dar, T. (eds.) EC-TEL 2016. LNCS, vol. 9891, pp. 505\u2013508. Springer, Cham (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-45153-4_50"},{"key":"12_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burstein, J., Tetreault, J., Madnani, N.: The e-rater\u00ae automated essay scoring system. In: Handbook of Automated Essay Evaluation, pp. 77\u201389. Routledge (2013)","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203122761-12"},{"key":"12_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cambre, J., Klemmer, S., Kulkarni, C.: Juxtapeer: comparative peer review yields higher quality feedback and promotes deeper reflection. In: Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1\u201313 (2018)","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173868"},{"issue":"4","key":"12_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01099821","volume":"4","author":"AT Corbett","year":"1994","unstructured":"Corbett, A.T., Anderson, J.R.: Knowledge tracing: modeling the acquisition of procedural knowledge. User Model. User-Adap. Inter. 4(4), 253\u2013278 (1994)","journal-title":"User Model. User-Adap. Inter."},{"key":"12_CR6","unstructured":"Crawford, K.: The trouble with bias. In: Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, invited speaker (2017)"},{"key":"12_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Denny, P., Hamer, J., Luxton-Reilly, A., Purchase, H.: PeerWise: students sharing their multiple choice questions. In: Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Computing Education Research, pp. 51\u201358 (2008)","DOI":"10.1145\/1404520.1404526"},{"key":"12_CR8","unstructured":"Devlin, J., Chang, M.W., Lee, K., Toutanova, K.: BERT: pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.04805 (2018)"},{"key":"12_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erickson, J.A., Botelho, A.F., McAteer, S., Varatharaj, A., Heffernan, N.T.: The automated grading of student open responses in mathematics. In: Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Learning Analytics & Knowledge, pp. 615\u2013624 (2020)","DOI":"10.1145\/3375462.3375523"},{"key":"12_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Friedler, S.A., Scheidegger, C., Venkatasubramanian, S., Choudhary, S., Hamilton, E.P., Roth, D.: A comparative study of fairness-enhancing interventions in machine learning. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, pp. 329\u2013338 (2019)","DOI":"10.1145\/3287560.3287589"},{"key":"12_CR11","unstructured":"Graham, S., Perin, D.: Writing next: effective strategies to improve writing of adolescents in middle and high schools. A report to Carnegie Corporation of New York. Alliance for Excellent Education (2007)"},{"issue":"4","key":"12_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1007\/s40593-014-0024-x","volume":"24","author":"NT Heffernan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Heffernan, N.T., Heffernan, C.L.: The ASSISTments ecosystem: building a platform that brings scientists and teachers together for minimally invasive research on human learning and teaching. Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ. 24(4), 470\u2013497 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40593-014-0024-x","journal-title":"Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ."},{"issue":"1","key":"12_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1086\/428763","volume":"105","author":"HC Hill","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hill, H.C., Schilling, S.G., Ball, D.L.: Developing measures of teachers\u2019 mathematics knowledge for teaching. Elem. Sch. J. 105(1), 11\u201330 (2004)","journal-title":"Elem. Sch. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR14","first-page":"379","volume":"10","author":"R Jacob","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jacob, R., Hill, H., Corey, D.: The impact of a professional development program on teachers\u2019 mathematical knowledge for teaching, instruction, and student achievement. J. Res. Educ. Effect. 10(2), 379\u2013407 (2017)","journal-title":"J. Res. Educ. Effect."},{"key":"12_CR15","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-33486-3_3","volume-title":"Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases","author":"T Kamishima","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kamishima, T., Akaho, S., Asoh, H., Sakuma, J.: Fairness-aware classifier with prejudice remover regularizer. In: Flach, P.A., De Bie, T., Cristianini, N. (eds.) ECML PKDD 2012. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 7524, pp. 35\u201350. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-33486-3_3"},{"key":"12_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, Y.S.G., Schatschneider, C., Wanzek, J., Gatlin, B., Al Otaiba, S.: Writing evaluation: rater and task effects on the reliability of writing scores for children in grades 3 and 4. Read. Writ. 30(6), 1287\u20131310 (2017)","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-017-9724-6"},{"key":"12_CR17","unstructured":"Livne, N.L., Livne, O.E., Wight, C.A.: Enhanching mathematical creativity through multiple solution to open-ended problems online (2008). http:\/\/www.iste.org\/Content\/NavigationMenu\/Research\/NECC_Research_Paper_Archives\/NECC2008\/Livne.pdf"},{"key":"12_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mayfield, E., et al.: Equity beyond bias in language technologies for education. In: Proceedings of the Fourteenth Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications, pp. 444\u2013460 (2019)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W19-4446"},{"key":"12_CR19","unstructured":"Mikolov, T., Chen, K., Corrado, G., Dean, J.: Efficient estimation of word representations in vector space. arXiv preprint arXiv:1301.3781 (2013)"},{"key":"12_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pennington, J., Socher, R., Manning, C.D.: GloVe: global vectors for word representation. In: Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 1532\u20131543 (2014)","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/D14-1162"},{"key":"12_CR21","unstructured":"Price, T., Zhi, R., Barnes, T.: Evaluation of a data-driven feedback algorithm for open-ended programming. International Educational Data Mining Society (2017)"},{"issue":"3","key":"12_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1177\/0735633118763429","volume":"57","author":"RD Roscoe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Roscoe, R.D., Allen, L.K., McNamara, D.S.: Contrasting writing practice formats in a writing strategy tutoring system. J. Educ. Comput. Res. 57(3), 723\u2013754 (2019)","journal-title":"J. Educ. Comput. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR23","first-page":"67","volume":"27","author":"EA Silver","year":"1995","unstructured":"Silver, E.A.: The nature and use of open problems in mathematics education: mathematical and pedagogical perspectives. Zentralblatt fur Didaktik der Mathematik\/Int. Rev. Math. Educ. 27(2), 67\u201372 (1995)","journal-title":"Zentralblatt fur Didaktik der Mathematik\/Int. Rev. Math. Educ."},{"key":"12_CR24","unstructured":"Sukkarieh, J.Z., Pulman, S.G., Raikes, N.: Automarking: using computational linguistics to score short, free- text responses (2003)"},{"key":"12_CR25","unstructured":"Sukkarieh, J.Z., Blackmore, J.: C-rater: automatic content scoring for short constructed responses. In: Twenty-Second International FLAIRS Conference (2009)"},{"key":"12_CR26","unstructured":"Walton, D.N.: Plausible Argument in Everyday Conversation. SUNY Press (1992)"},{"key":"12_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Williams, J.J., et al.: AXIS: generating explanations at scale with learnersourcing and machine learning. In: Proceedings of the Third (2016) ACM Conference on Learning@ Scale, pp. 379\u2013388 (2016)","DOI":"10.1145\/2876034.2876042"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Artificial Intelligence in Education. Posters and Late Breaking Results, Workshops and Tutorials, Industry and Innovation Tracks, Practitioners\u2019 and Doctoral Consortium"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-11647-6_12","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]],"date-time":"2024-03-12T16:17:55Z","timestamp":1710260275000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-11647-6_12"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"ISBN":["9783031116469","9783031116476"],"references-count":27,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-11647-6_12","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0302-9743"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1611-3349"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 July 2022","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"AIED","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Durham","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"United Kingdom","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2022","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"27 July 2022","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"31 July 2022","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"23","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"aied2022","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/aied2022.webspace.durham.ac.uk\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Double-blind","order":1,"name":"type","label":"Type","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"EasyChair","order":2,"name":"conference_management_system","label":"Conference Management System","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"243","order":3,"name":"number_of_submissions_sent_for_review","label":"Number of Submissions Sent for Review","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"40","order":4,"name":"number_of_full_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Full Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"40","order":5,"name":"number_of_short_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Short Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"16% - The value is computed by the equation \"Number of Full Papers Accepted \/ Number of Submissions Sent for Review * 100\" and then rounded to a whole number.","order":6,"name":"acceptance_rate_of_full_papers","label":"Acceptance Rate of Full Papers","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"4","order":7,"name":"average_number_of_reviews_per_paper","label":"Average Number of Reviews per Paper","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"5","order":8,"name":"average_number_of_papers_per_reviewer","label":"Average Number of Papers per Reviewer","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"Yes","order":9,"name":"external_reviewers_involved","label":"External Reviewers Involved","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}}]}}