{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T11:20:36Z","timestamp":1788348036256,"version":"build-2803163510"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":188,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783031156397","type":"print"},{"value":"9783031156403","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-15640-3_7","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T11:07:09Z","timestamp":1672657629000},"page":"237-264","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Mechanisms and Consequences of Genetic Variation in Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Galli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Bukh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"7_CR1","volume":"13","author":"R Ahmed","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ahmed R et al (2021) Sofosbuvir\/velpatasvir\u2014a promising treatment for chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Cureus 13(8):e17237","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"3","key":"7_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.09.8","volume":"4","author":"C Argentini","year":"2009","unstructured":"Argentini C et al (2009) HCV genetic variability: from quasispecies evolution to genotype classification. Future Microbiol 4(3):359\u2013373","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"7_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.05.032","volume":"43","author":"Y Asahina","year":"2005","unstructured":"Asahina Y et al (2005) Mutagenic effects of ribavirin and response to interferon\/ribavirin combination therapy in chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol 43(4):623\u2013629","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"7_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2021.07.006","volume":"50","author":"EH Augestad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Augestad EH, Bukh J, Prentoe J (2021) Hepatitis C virus envelope protein dynamics and the link to hypervariable region 1. Curr Opin Virol 50:69\u201375","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol"},{"issue":"13","key":"7_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7393","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00864-12","volume":"86","author":"S Austermann-Busch","year":"2012","unstructured":"Austermann-Busch S, Becher P (2012) RNA structural elements determine frequency and sites of nonhomologous recombination in an animal plus-strand RNA virus. J Virol 86(13):7393\u20137402","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"5","key":"7_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23545","volume":"85","author":"AP Avo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Avo AP et al (2013) Hepatitis C virus subtyping based on sequencing of the C\/E1 and NS5B genomic regions in comparison to a commercially available line probe assay. J Med Virol 85(5):815\u2013822","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"10","key":"7_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-017-0753-x","volume":"77","author":"S Bagaglio","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bagaglio S, Uberti-Foppa C, Morsica G (2017) Resistance Mechanisms in Hepatitis C Virus: implications for direct-acting antiviral use. Drugs 77(10):1043\u20131055","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI78794","volume":"125","author":"JR Bailey","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bailey JR et al (2015) Naturally selected hepatitis C virus polymorphisms confer broad neutralizing antibody resistance. J Clin Invest 125(1):437\u2013447","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"7","key":"7_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP3056","volume":"21","author":"R Barnard","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barnard R et al (2016) Primer ID ultra-deep sequencing reveals dynamics of drug resistance-associated variants in breakthrough hepatitis C viruses: relevance to treatment outcome and resistance screening. Antivir Ther 21(7):567\u2013577","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"7_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2000.0644","volume":"278","author":"M Baroth","year":"2000","unstructured":"Baroth M et al (2000) Insertion of cellular NEDD8 coding sequences in a pestivirus. Virology 278(2):456\u2013466","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"Pt 7","key":"7_CR11","first-page":"1631","volume":"81","author":"R Bartenschlager","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bartenschlager R, Lohmann V (2000) Replication of hepatitis C virus. J Gen Virol 81(Pt 7):1631\u20131648","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"issue":"43","key":"7_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41624","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M305289200","volume":"278","author":"B Bartosch","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bartosch B et al (2003) Cell entry of hepatitis C virus requires a set of co-receptors that include the CD81 tetraspanin and the SR-B1 scavenger receptor. J Biol Chem 278(43):41624\u201341630","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"7_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1007\/s00294-018-0820-1","volume":"64","author":"A Bebenek","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bebenek A, Ziuzia-Graczyk I (2018) Fidelity of DNA replication-a matter of proofreading. Curr Genet 64(5):985\u2013996","journal-title":"Curr Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"7_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.4161\/rna.8.2.14514","volume":"8","author":"P Becher","year":"2011","unstructured":"Becher P, Tautz N (2011) RNA recombination in pestiviruses: cellular RNA sequences in viral genomes highlight the role of host factors for viral persistence and lethal disease. RNA Biol 8(2):216\u2013224","journal-title":"RNA Biol"},{"issue":"14","key":"7_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6256","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.14.6256-6264.2001","volume":"75","author":"P Becher","year":"2001","unstructured":"Becher P, Orlich M, Thiel HJ (2001) RNA recombination between persisting pestivirus and a vaccine strain: generation of cytopathogenic virus and induction of lethal disease. J Virol 75(14):6256\u20136264","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"4","key":"7_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/18.4.388","volume":"18","author":"J Belling","year":"1933","unstructured":"Belling J (1933) Crossing over and gene rearrangement in flowering plants. Genetics 18(4):388\u2013413","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"issue":"18","key":"7_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18202","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M413410200","volume":"280","author":"BK Biswal","year":"2005","unstructured":"Biswal BK et al (2005) Crystal structures of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase genotype 2a of hepatitis C virus reveal two conformations and suggest mechanisms of inhibition by non-nucleoside inhibitors. J Biol Chem 280(18):18202\u201318210","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"8","key":"7_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2888","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21082888","volume":"21","author":"H Bley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bley H, Schobel A, Herker E (2020) Whole Lotta lipids-from HCV RNA replication to the mature viral particle. Int J Mol Sci 21(8):2888","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"7_CR19","first-page":"303","volume-title":"Quasispecies: from theory to experimental systems","author":"AV Border\u00eda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Border\u00eda AV, Rozen-Gagnon K, Vignuzzi M (2016) Fidelity variants and RNA quasispecies. In: Domingo E, Schuster P (eds) Quasispecies: from theory to experimental systems. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 303\u2013322"},{"issue":"11","key":"7_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy401","volume":"218","author":"SM Borgia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Borgia SM et al (2018) Identification of a novel hepatitis C virus genotype from Punjab, India: expanding classification of hepatitis C virus into 8 genotypes. J Infect Dis 218(11):1722\u20131729","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"7_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050808","volume":"201","author":"DG Bowen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bowen DG, Walker CM (2005) Mutational escape from CD8+ T cell immunity: HCV evolution, from chimpanzees to man. J Exp Med 201(11):1709\u20131714","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"7_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5198","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.6.5198-5206.1998","volume":"72","author":"RR Bowman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bowman RR, Hu WS, Pathak VK (1998) Relative rates of retroviral reverse transcriptase template switching during RNA- and DNA-dependent DNA synthesis. J Virol 72(6):5198\u20135206","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"7_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.07.035","volume":"65","author":"J Bukh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bukh J (2016) The history of hepatitis C virus (HCV): basic research reveals unique features in phylogeny, evolution and the viral life cycle with new perspectives for epidemic control. J Hepatol 65(1 Suppl):S2\u2013S21","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"17","key":"7_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8234","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.17.8234","volume":"90","author":"J Bukh","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bukh J, Purcell RH, Miller RH (1993) At least 12 genotypes of hepatitis C virus predicted by sequence analysis of the putative E1 gene of isolates collected worldwide. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90(17):8234\u20138238","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1007262","volume":"15","author":"J Bukh","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bukh J, Miller RH, Purcell RH (1995) Genetic hetrogeneity of hepatitis C virus: quasispecies and genotypes. Semin Liver Dis 15(1):41\u201363","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"issue":"17","key":"7_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9128","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01194-15","volume":"89","author":"J Bukh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bukh J et al (2015) Immunoglobulin with high-titer in vitro cross-neutralizing hepatitis C virus antibodies passively protects chimpanzees from homologous, but not heterologous, challenge. J Virol 89(17):9128\u20139132","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"22","key":"7_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11833","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02654-10","volume":"85","author":"B Callendret","year":"2011","unstructured":"Callendret B et al (2011) Transmission of clonal hepatitis C virus genomes reveals the dominant but transitory role of CD8+ T cells in early viral evolution. J Virol 85(22):11833\u201311845","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"4","key":"7_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2007.02.001","volume":"7","author":"A Carvajal-Rodriguez","year":"2007","unstructured":"Carvajal-Rodriguez A, Crandall KA, Posada D (2007) Recombination favors the evolution of drug resistance in HIV-1 during antiretroviral therapy. Infect Genet Evol 7(4):476\u2013483","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"7_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2018.10.005","volume":"32","author":"F Ceccherini-Silberstein","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ceccherini-Silberstein F et al (2018) Viral resistance in HCV infection. Curr Opin Virol 32:115\u2013127","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol"},{"issue":"14","key":"7_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7732","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00382-07","volume":"81","author":"S Chevaliez","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chevaliez S et al (2007) Analysis of ribavirin mutagenicity in human hepatitis C virus infection. J Virol 81(14):7732\u20137741","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"6","key":"7_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21062091","volume":"21","author":"CC Colpitts","year":"2020","unstructured":"Colpitts CC, Tsai PL, Zeisel MB (2020) Hepatitis C virus entry: an intriguingly complex and highly regulated process. Int J Mol Sci 21(6):2091","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"7_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.3390\/v12040434","volume":"12","author":"FL Cosset","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cosset FL et al (2020) HCV interplay with lipoproteins: inside or outside the cells? Viruses 12(4):434","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"6","key":"7_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.1895","volume":"26","author":"L Cuypers","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cuypers L et al (2016) Impact of HCV genotype on treatment regimens and drug resistance: a snapshot in time. Rev Med Virol 26(6):408\u2013434","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol"},{"key":"7_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.017","volume":"24","author":"R D'Ambrosio","year":"2017","unstructured":"D\u2019Ambrosio R et al (2017) Direct-acting antivirals: the endgame for hepatitis C? Curr Opin Virol 24:31\u201337","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol"},{"issue":"2","key":"7_CR35","first-page":"376","volume":"119","author":"E Dazert","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dazert E et al (2009) Loss of viral fitness and cross-recognition by CD8+ T cells limit HCV escape from a protective HLA-B27-restricted human immune response. J Clin Invest 119(2):376\u2013386","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"9","key":"7_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.3390\/v3091650","volume":"3","author":"K Delviks-Frankenberry","year":"2011","unstructured":"Delviks-Frankenberry K et al (2011) Mechanisms and factors that influence high frequency retroviral recombination. Viruses 3(9):1650\u20131680","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"8","key":"7_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6218","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.71.8.6218-6224.1997","volume":"71","author":"KA Delviks","year":"1997","unstructured":"Delviks KA, Hu WS, Pathak VK (1997) Psi- vectors: murine leukemia virus-based self-inactivating and self-activating retroviral vectors. J Virol 71(8):6218\u20136224","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"11","key":"7_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6172","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02778-12","volume":"87","author":"J Dietz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dietz J et al (2013) Deep sequencing reveals mutagenic effects of ribavirin during monotherapy of hepatitis C virus genotype 1-infected patients. J Virol 87(11):6172\u20136181","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"4","key":"7_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s00249-018-1282-6","volume":"47","author":"E Domingo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Domingo E, Perales C (2018) quasispecies and virus. Eur Biophys J 47(4):443\u2013457","journal-title":"Eur Biophys J"},{"issue":"17","key":"7_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2406","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i17.2406","volume":"13","author":"J Dubuisson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dubuisson J (2007) Hepatitis C virus proteins. World J Gastroenterol 13(17):2406\u20132415","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2021.101031","volume":"297","author":"G Dultz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dultz G et al (2021) Epistatic interactions promote persistence of NS3-Q80K in HCV infection by compensating for protein folding instability. J Biol Chem 297(3):101031","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"7_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141602","volume":"25","author":"LB Dustin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dustin LB, Rice CM (2007) Flying under the radar: the immunobiology of hepatitis C. Ann Rev Immunol 25:71\u201399","journal-title":"Ann Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"Pt 6","key":"7_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-79-6-1373","volume":"79","author":"G Duverlie","year":"1998","unstructured":"Duverlie G et al (1998) Sequence analysis of the NS5A protein of European hepatitis C virus 1b isolates and relation to interferon sensitivity. J Gen Virol 79(Pt 6):1373\u20131381","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"issue":"6","key":"7_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v7.i6.831","volume":"7","author":"N Echeverria","year":"2015","unstructured":"Echeverria N et al (2015) Hepatitis C virus genetic variability and evolution. World J Hepatol 7(6):831\u2013845","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"7_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0000000000000457","volume":"62","author":"RS Egerman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Egerman RS (2019) New antiviral agents for treatment of hepatitis C. Clin Obstet Gynecol 62(4):823\u2013834","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118025","volume":"96","author":"N Enomoto","year":"1995","unstructured":"Enomoto N et al (1995) Comparison of full-length sequences of interferon-sensitive and resistant hepatitis C virus 1b. Sensitivity to interferon is conferred by amino acid substitutions in the NS5A region. J Clin Invest 96(1):224\u2013230","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"6","key":"7_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(01)00245-X","volume":"15","author":"AL Erickson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Erickson AL et al (2001) The outcome of hepatitis C virus infection is predicted by escape mutations in epitopes targeted by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Immunity 15(6):883\u2013895","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"7137","key":"7_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05654","volume":"446","author":"MJ Evans","year":"2007","unstructured":"Evans MJ et al (2007) Claudin-1 is a hepatitis C virus co-receptor required for a late step in entry. Nature 446(7137):801\u2013805","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"7_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13430","volume":"28","author":"U Fahn\u00f8e","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fahn\u00f8e U et al (2021) Global evolutionary analysis of chronic hepatitis C patients revealed significant effect of baseline viral resistance, including novel non-target sites, for DAA-based treatment and retreatment outcome. J Viral Hepat 28(2):302\u2013316","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"issue":"4","key":"7_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1297925","volume":"31","author":"P Farci","year":"2011","unstructured":"Farci P (2011) New insights into the HCV quasispecies and compartmentalization. Semin Liver Dis 31(4):356\u2013374","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR51","first-page":"103","volume":"20","author":"P Farci","year":"2000","unstructured":"Farci P, Purcell RH (2000) Clinical significance of hepatitis C virus genotypes and quasispecies. Semin Liver Dis 20(1):103\u2013126","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"issue":"16","key":"7_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7792","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.16.7792","volume":"91","author":"P Farci","year":"1994","unstructured":"Farci P et al (1994) Prevention of hepatitis C virus infection in chimpanzees after antibody-mediated in vitro neutralization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91(16):7792\u20137796","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"5464","key":"7_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5464.339","volume":"288","author":"P Farci","year":"2000","unstructured":"Farci P et al (2000) The outcome of acute hepatitis C predicted by the evolution of the viral quasispecies. Science 288(5464):339\u2013344","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13212","volume":"37","author":"JJ Feld","year":"2017","unstructured":"Feld JJ et al (2017) Ribavirin revisited in the era of direct-acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C virus infection. Liver Int 37(1):5\u201318","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"27","key":"7_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2599","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1512610","volume":"373","author":"JJ Feld","year":"2015","unstructured":"Feld JJ et al (2015) Sofosbuvir and velpatasvir for HCV genotype 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 infection. N Engl J Med 373(27):2599\u20132607","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2001.1170","volume":"291","author":"J Fricke","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fricke J, Gunn M, Meyers G (2001) A family of closely related bovine viral diarrhea virus recombinants identified in an animal suffering from mucosal disease: new insights into the development of a lethal disease in cattle. Virology 291(1):77\u201390","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"7_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-832928","volume":"24","author":"MW Fried","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fried MW, Hadziyannis SJ (2004) Treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection with peginterferons plus ribavirin. Semin Liver Dis 24(Suppl 2):47\u201354","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"7_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6271","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.12.6271-6281.2004","volume":"78","author":"A Gallei","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gallei A et al (2004) RNA recombination in vivo in the absence of viral replication. J Virol 78(12):6271\u20136281","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"6","key":"7_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2014.02.005","volume":"22","author":"A Galli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Galli A, Bukh J (2014) Comparative analysis of the molecular mechanisms of recombination in hepatitis C virus. Trends Microbiol 22(6):354\u2013364","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4619","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22620-2","volume":"8","author":"A Galli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Galli A et al (2018) Antiviral effect of Ribavirin against HCV associated with increased frequency of G-to-A and C-to-U transitions in infectious cell culture model. Sci Rep 8(1):4619","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"7_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galli A, Fahn\u00f8e U, Bukh J (2022) High recombination rate of hepatitis C virus revealed by a green fluorescent protein reconstitution cell system. Virus Evol 8(1)","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/veab106"},{"key":"7_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao F et al (2007) Recombinant hepatitis C virus in experimentally infected chimpanzees. J Gen Virol 88(Pt 1):143\u2013147","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.82263-0"},{"issue":"11","key":"7_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8958","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.11.8958-8965.1999","volume":"73","author":"AP Gmyl","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gmyl AP et al (1999) Nonreplicative RNA recombination in poliovirus. J Virol 73(11):8958\u20138965","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"10","key":"7_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.3390\/v3102006","volume":"3","author":"F Gonzalez-Candelas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Candelas F, Lopez-Labrador FX, Bracho MA (2011) Recombination in hepatitis C virus. Viruses 3(10):2006\u20132024","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"6","key":"7_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2403","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26905","volume":"59","author":"N Goossens","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goossens N, Negro F (2014) Is genotype 3 of the hepatitis C virus the new villain? Hepatology 59(6):2403\u20132412","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"7_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3527(08)00002-X","volume":"71","author":"JM Gottwein","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gottwein JM, Bukh J (2008) Cutting the gordian knot-development and biological relevance of hepatitis C virus cell culture systems. Adv Virus Res 71:51\u2013133","journal-title":"Adv Virus Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"7_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.06.004","volume":"141","author":"JM Gottwein","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gottwein JM et al (2011a) Differential efficacy of protease inhibitors against HCV genotypes 2a, 3a, 5a, and 6a NS3\/4A protease recombinant viruses. Gastroenterology 141(3):1067\u20131079","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"5","key":"7_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.08.005","volume":"133","author":"JM Gottwein","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gottwein JM et al (2007) Robust hepatitis C genotype 3a cell culture releasing adapted intergenotypic 3a\/2a (S52\/JFH1) viruses. Gastroenterology 133(5):1614\u20131626","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"7_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22673","volume":"49","author":"JM Gottwein","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gottwein JM et al (2009) Development and characterization of hepatitis C virus genotype 1\u20137 cell culture systems: role of CD81 and scavenger receptor class B type I and effect of antiviral drugs. Hepatology 49(2):364\u2013377","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"7_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02164-12","volume":"57","author":"JM Gottwein","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gottwein JM et al (2013) Combination treatment with hepatitis C virus protease and NS5A inhibitors is effective against recombinant genotype 1a, 2a, and 3a viruses. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 57(3):1291\u20131303","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"5","key":"7_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.12.015","volume":"154","author":"JM Gottwein","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gottwein JM et al (2018) Efficacy of NS5A inhibitors against hepatitis C virus genotypes 1\u20137 and escape variants. Gastroenterology 154(5):1435\u20131448","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"17","key":"7_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8913","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00049-11","volume":"85","author":"JM Gottwein","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gottwein JM et al (2011b) Development and application of hepatitis C reporter viruses with genotype 1 to 7 core-nonstructural protein 2 (NS2) expressing fluorescent proteins or luciferase in modified JFH1 NS5A. J Virol 85(17):8913\u20138928","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"4","key":"7_CR73","first-page":"637","volume":"84","author":"P Guntipalli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guntipalli P et al (2021) Worldwide prevalence, genotype distribution and management of hepatitis C. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 84(4):637\u2013656","journal-title":"Acta Gastroenterol Belg"},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2009.06.005","volume":"145","author":"Q Han","year":"2009","unstructured":"Han Q et al (2009) Compensatory mutations in NS3 and NS5A proteins enhance the virus production capability of hepatitis C reporter virus. Virus Res 145(1):63\u201373","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"issue":"43","key":"7_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32906","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.151316","volume":"285","author":"D Harrus","year":"2010","unstructured":"Harrus D et al (2010) Further insights into the roles of GTP and the C terminus of the hepatitis C virus polymerase in the initiation of RNA synthesis. J Biol Chem 285(43):32906\u201332918","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-100114-055104","volume":"3","author":"AS Hartlage","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hartlage AS, Cullen JM, Kapoor A (2016) The strange, expanding world of animal hepaciviruses. Ann Rev Virol 3(1):53\u201375","journal-title":"Ann Rev Virol"},{"key":"7_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hayes CN et al (2021) Road to elimination of HCV: clinical challenges in HCV management. Liver Int 42(9):1935\u20131944","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15150"},{"issue":"2","key":"7_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2893.1999.00150.x","volume":"6","author":"CU Hellen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hellen CU, Pestova TV (1999) Translation of hepatitis C virus RNA. J Viral Hepat 6(2):79\u201387","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"issue":"2","key":"7_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12635","volume":"24","author":"C Hezode","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hezode C (2017) Pan-genotypic treatment regimens for hepatitis C virus: advantages and disadvantages in high- and low-income regions. J Viral Hepat 24(2):92\u2013101","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"issue":"3","key":"7_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.12.005","volume":"132","author":"WP Hofmann","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hofmann WP et al (2007) Mutagenic effect of ribavirin on hepatitis C nonstructural 5B quasispecies in vitro and during antiviral therapy. Gastroenterology 132(3):921\u2013930","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"21","key":"7_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12209","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.221289898","volume":"98","author":"CK Hwang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hwang CK, Svarovskaia ES, Pathak VK (2001) Dynamic copy choice: steady state between murine leukemia virus polymerase and polymerase-dependent RNase H activity determines frequency of in vivo template switching. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98(21):12209\u201312214","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"22","key":"7_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10292","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.22.10292","volume":"88","author":"G Inchauspe","year":"1991","unstructured":"Inchauspe G et al (1991) Genomic structure of the human prototype strain H of hepatitis C virus: comparison with American and Japanese isolates. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88(22):10292\u201310296","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"7_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.10.021","volume":"21","author":"P Jackowiak","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jackowiak P et al (2014) Phylogeny and molecular evolution of the hepatitis C virus. Infect Genet Evol 21:67\u201382","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"issue":"6","key":"7_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1080\/17474124.2017.1326817","volume":"11","author":"WE Jackson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jackson WE, Everson GT (2017) Sofosbuvir and velpatasvir for the treatment of hepatitis C. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 11(6):501\u2013505","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"7_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.112.139725","volume":"191","author":"FA Janssens","year":"2012","unstructured":"Janssens FA, Koszul R, Zickler D (2012) The chiasmatype theory: a new interpretation of the maturation divisions. 1909. Genetics 191(2):319\u2013346","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"issue":"12","key":"7_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7426","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01953-15","volume":"59","author":"SB Jensen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jensen SB et al (2015) Substitutions at NS3 residue 155, 156, or 168 of hepatitis C virus genotypes 2 to 6 induce complex patterns of protease inhibitor resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 59(12):7426\u20137436","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"12","key":"7_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1086\/593021","volume":"198","author":"TB Jensen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jensen TB et al (2008) Highly efficient JFH1-based cell-culture system for hepatitis C virus genotype 5a: failure of homologous neutralizing-antibody treatment to control infection. J Infect Dis 198(12):1756\u20131765","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"7_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.69.2.669-674.1995","volume":"69","author":"P Kellam","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kellam P, Larder BA (1995) Retroviral recombination can lead to linkage of reverse transcriptase mutations that confer increased zidovudine resistance. J Virol 69(2):669\u2013674","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"9","key":"7_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4972","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.081077198","volume":"98","author":"MJ Kim","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kim MJ, Kao C (2001) Factors regulating template switch in vitro by viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases: implications for RNA-RNA recombination. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98(9):4972\u20134977","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.56.1.61-79.1992","volume":"56","author":"MM Lai","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lai MM (1992) RNA recombination in animal and plant viruses. Microbiol Rev 56(1):61\u201379","journal-title":"Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"17","key":"7_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2416","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i17.2416","volume":"13","author":"H Le Guillou-Guillemette","year":"2007","unstructured":"Le Guillou-Guillemette H et al (2007) Genetic diversity of the hepatitis C virus: impact and issues in the antiviral therapy. World J Gastroenterol 13(17):2416\u20132426","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7_CR92","first-page":"289","volume":"1","author":"CA Lesburg","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lesburg CA, Radfar R, Weber PC (2000) Recent advances in the analysis of HCV NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 1(3):289\u2013296","journal-title":"Curr Opin Investig Drugs"},{"issue":"3","key":"7_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.3390\/v13030520","volume":"13","author":"HC Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li HC, Yang CH, Lo SY (2021) Hepatitis C viral replication complex. Viruses 13(3):520","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"12","key":"7_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4991","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1016606108","volume":"108","author":"YP Li","year":"2011","unstructured":"Li YP et al (2011) MicroRNA-122 antagonism against hepatitis C virus genotypes 1\u20136 and reduced efficacy by host RNA insertion or mutations in the HCV 5\u2032 UTR. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108(12):4991\u20134996","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"48","key":"7_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19757","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1218260109","volume":"109","author":"YP Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li YP et al (2012) Highly efficient full-length hepatitis C virus genotype 1 (strain TN) infectious culture system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109(48):19757\u201319762","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"7_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li YP et al (2014) Differential sensitivity of 5\u2032 UTR-NS5A recombinants of hepatitis C virus genotypes 1\u20136 to protease and NS5A inhibitors. Gastroenterology 146(3):812\u2013821 e4","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.11.009"},{"issue":"8","key":"7_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.3109\/23744235.2015.1028097","volume":"47","author":"I Lindstr\u00f6m","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lindstr\u00f6m I et al (2015) Prevalence of polymorphisms with significant resistance to NS5A inhibitors in treatment-naive patients with hepatitis C virus genotypes 1a and 3a in Sweden. Infect Dis (Lond) 47(8):555\u2013562","journal-title":"Infect Dis (Lond)"},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR98","first-page":"125","volume":"9","author":"X Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu X, Hu P (2021) Efficacy and safety of glecaprevir\/pibrentasvir in patients with chronic HCV infection. J Clin Transl Hepatol 9(1):125\u2013132","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Hepatol"},{"key":"7_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(03)80654-2","volume":"38","author":"S Lodrini","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lodrini S et al (2003) The NS3 protease gene of HCV is highly conserved within the putative catalytic site region. J Hepatol 38:113\u2013114","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"7_CR100","first-page":"167","volume":"369","author":"V Lohmann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lohmann V (2013) Hepatitis C virus RNA replication. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 369:167\u2013198","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"7_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9614","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.11.9614-9618.1999","volume":"73","author":"AH Lund","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lund AH et al (1999) The kissing-loop motif is a preferred site of 5\u2032 leader recombination during replication of SL3-3 murine leukemia viruses in mice. J Virol 73(11):9614\u20139618","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"5","key":"7_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.03.035","volume":"132","author":"G Lutchman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lutchman G et al (2007) Mutation rate of the hepatitis C virus NS5B in patients undergoing treatment with ribavirin monotherapy. Gastroenterology 132(5):1757\u20131766","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01677-14","volume":"89","author":"N Mani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mani N et al (2015) Nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) and human replication protein A increase the processivity of hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase activity in vitro. J Virol 89(1):165\u2013180","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"Pt 5","key":"7_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0370986","volume":"37","author":"J McLauchlan","year":"2009","unstructured":"McLauchlan J (2009) Hepatitis C virus: viral proteins on the move. Biochem Soc Trans 37(Pt 5):986\u2013990","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"7_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McPhee F et al (2019) Impact of preexisting hepatitis C virus genotype 6 NS3, NS5A, and NS5B polymorphisms on the in vitro potency of direct-acting antiviral agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 63(4)","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02205-18"},{"issue":"8","key":"7_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001095","volume":"99","author":"N Mejer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mejer N et al (2018) Ribavirin-induced mutagenesis across the complete open reading frame of hepatitis C virus genotypes 1a and 3a. J Gen Virol 99(8):1066\u20131077","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"7_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.09.014","volume":"540","author":"N Mejer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mejer N et al (2020a) Ribavirin inhibition of cell-culture infectious hepatitis C genotype 1\u20133 viruses is strain-dependent. Virology 540:132\u2013140","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"12","key":"7_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01417","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01417-20","volume":"64","author":"N Mejer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mejer N et al (2020b) Mutations identified in the hepatitis C virus (HCV) polymerase of patients with chronic HCV treated with ribavirin cause resistance and affect viral replication fidelity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 64(12):e01417-e1420","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"3","key":"7_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.3390\/v1031137","volume":"1","author":"L Menendez-Arias","year":"2009","unstructured":"Menendez-Arias L (2009) Mutation rates and intrinsic fidelity of retroviral reverse transcriptases. Viruses 1(3):1137\u20131165","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27259","volume":"61","author":"JP Messina","year":"2015","unstructured":"Messina JP et al (2015) Global distribution and prevalence of hepatitis C virus genotypes. Hepatology 61(1):77\u201387","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"7_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24171","volume":"53","author":"P Meuleman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Meuleman P et al (2011) In vivo evaluation of the cross-genotype neutralizing activity of polyclonal antibodies against hepatitis C virus. Hepatology 53(3):755\u2013762","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(92)90199-Y","volume":"191","author":"G Meyers","year":"1992","unstructured":"Meyers G et al (1992) Rearrangement of viral sequences in cytopathogenic pestiviruses. Virology 191(1):368\u2013386","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"7_CR113","unstructured":"Mortality GBD, Causes of Death, Collaborators (2016) Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980\u20132015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet 388(10053):1459\u2013544"},{"issue":"12","key":"7_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6503","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00386-12","volume":"86","author":"RT Mosley","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mosley RT et al (2012) Structure of hepatitis C virus polymerase in complex with primer-template RNA. J Virol 86(12):6503\u20136511","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"12","key":"7_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6106","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.12.6106","volume":"93","author":"L Moutouh","year":"1996","unstructured":"Moutouh L, Corbeil J, Richman DD (1996) Recombination leads to the rapid emergence of HIV-1 dually resistant mutants under selective drug pressure. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93(12):6106\u20136111","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"5386","key":"7_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5386.103","volume":"282","author":"AU Neumann","year":"1998","unstructured":"Neumann AU et al (1998) Hepatitis C viral dynamics in vivo and the antiviral efficacy of interferon-alpha therapy. Science 282(5386):103\u2013107","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"7_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24541","volume":"54","author":"C Neumann-Haefelin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Neumann-Haefelin C et al (2011) Human leukocyte antigen B27 selects for rare escape mutations that significantly impair hepatitis C virus replication and require compensatory mutations. Hepatology 54(4):1157\u20131166","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"7_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.029","volume":"73","author":"D Nguyen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nguyen D et al (2020) Efficacy of NS5A inhibitors against unusual and potentially difficult-to-treat HCV subtypes commonly found in sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia. J Hepatol 73(4):794\u2013799","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"19","key":"7_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9028","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.19.9028-9038.2000","volume":"74","author":"J Nousbaum","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nousbaum J et al (2000) Prospective characterization of full-length hepatitis C virus NS5A quasispecies during induction and combination antiviral therapy. J Virol 74(19):9028\u20139038","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.47162\/RJME.61.3.02","volume":"61","author":"CN Oancea","year":"2020","unstructured":"Oancea CN et al (2020) Global hepatitis C elimination: history, evolution, revolutionary changes and barriers to overcome. Rom J Morphol Embryol 61(3):643\u2013653","journal-title":"Rom J Morphol Embryol"},{"issue":"6","key":"7_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27013","volume":"59","author":"WO Osburn","year":"2014","unstructured":"Osburn WO et al (2014) Clearance of hepatitis C infection is associated with the early appearance of broad neutralizing antibody responses. Hepatology 59(6):2140\u20132151","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"7_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2020.11.008","volume":"45","author":"L Parlati","year":"2021","unstructured":"Parlati L, Hollande C, Pol S (2021) Treatment of hepatitis C virus infection. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 45(4):101578","journal-title":"Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"5","key":"7_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.03.003","volume":"146","author":"JM Pawlotsky","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pawlotsky JM (2014) New hepatitis C therapies: the toolbox, strategies, and challenges. Gastroenterology 146(5):1176\u20131192","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.04.003","volume":"151","author":"JM Pawlotsky","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pawlotsky JM (2016) Hepatitis C virus resistance to direct-acting antiviral drugs in interferon-free regimens. Gastroenterology 151(1):70\u201386","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"7_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1687823","volume":"39","author":"JM Pawlotsky","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pawlotsky JM (2019) Retreatment of hepatitis C virus-infected patients with direct-acting antiviral failures. Semin Liver Dis 39(3):354\u2013368","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"7_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a036855","volume":"10","author":"JM Pawlotsky","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pawlotsky JM (2020) Interferon-free hepatitis C virus therapy. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 10(11):a036855","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"7_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.02.006","volume":"62","author":"JM Pawlotsky","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pawlotsky JM et al (2015) From non-A, non-B hepatitis to hepatitis C virus cure. J Hepatol 62(1 Suppl):S87-99","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"7_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2795","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.4.2795-2805.1998","volume":"72","author":"JM Pawlotsky","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pawlotsky JM et al (1998) Interferon resistance of hepatitis C virus genotype 1b: relationship to nonstructural 5A gene quasispecies mutations. J Virol 72(4):2795\u20132805","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"14","key":"7_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01031","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01031-17","volume":"92","author":"KM Peck","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peck KM, Lauring AS (2018) Complexities of viral mutation rates. J Virol 92(14):e01031-e1117","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"7_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2014.12.022","volume":"30","author":"M Perez-Losada","year":"2015","unstructured":"Perez-Losada M et al (2015) Recombination in viruses: mechanisms, methods of study, and evolutionary consequences. Infect Genet Evol 30:296\u2013307","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"issue":"14","key":"7_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6025","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0607026104","volume":"104","author":"JM Pestka","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pestka JM et al (2007) Rapid induction of virus-neutralizing antibodies and viral clearance in a single-source outbreak of hepatitis C. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104(14):6025\u20136030","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"7_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pham LV et al (2018) HCV Genotype 6a escape from and resistance to velpatasvir, pibrentasvir, and sofosbuvir in robust infectious cell culture models. Gastroenterology 154(8):2194\u2013208 e12","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.02.017"},{"issue":"3","key":"7_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.10.031","volume":"70","author":"LV Pham","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pham LV et al (2019) HCV genotype 1\u20136 NS3 residue 80 substitutions impact protease inhibitor activity and promote viral escape. J Hepatol 70(3):388\u2013397","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-323585","volume":"71","author":"LV Pham","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pham LV et al (2022) HCV genome-wide analysis for development of efficient culture systems and unravelling of antiviral resistance in genotype 4. Gut 71(3):627\u2013642","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"5390","key":"7_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5390.938","volume":"282","author":"P Pileri","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pileri P et al (1998) Binding of hepatitis C virus to CD81. Science 282(5390):938\u2013941","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7231","key":"7_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07684","volume":"457","author":"A Ploss","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ploss A et al (2009) Human occludin is a hepatitis C virus entry factor required for infection of mouse cells. Nature 457(7231):882\u2013886","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"12","key":"7_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2668","volume":"9","author":"SA Plotkin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Plotkin SA, Plotkin SL (2011) The development of vaccines: how the past led to the future. Nat Rev Microbiol 9(12):889\u2013893","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"7_CR138","unstructured":"Polaris Observatory, H. C. V. Collaborators (2017) Global prevalence and genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus infection in 2015: a modelling study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2(3):161\u2013176"},{"key":"7_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02146","volume":"9","author":"J Prentoe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Prentoe J, Bukh J (2018) Hypervariable region 1 in envelope protein 2 of hepatitis c virus: a Linchpin in neutralizing antibody evasion and viral entry. Front Immunol 9:2146","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"20","key":"7_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10039","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1822002116","volume":"116","author":"J Prentoe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Prentoe J et al (2019) Hypervariable region 1 and N-linked glycans of hepatitis C regulate virion neutralization by modulating envelope conformations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 116(20):10039\u201310047","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1246","volume":"5","author":"A Rambaut","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rambaut A et al (2004) The causes and consequences of HIV evolution. Nat Rev Genet 5(1):52\u201361","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"7_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2018.07.014","volume":"158","author":"S Ramirez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ramirez S, Bukh J (2018) Current status and future development of infectious cell-culture models for the major genotypes of hepatitis C virus: essential tools in testing of antivirals and emerging vaccine strategies. Antiviral Res 158:264\u2013287","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"7_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26660","volume":"59","author":"S Ramirez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ramirez S et al (2014) Highly efficient infectious cell culture of three hepatitis C virus genotype 2b strains and sensitivity to lead protease, nonstructural protein 5A, and polymerase inhibitors. Hepatology 59(2):395\u2013407","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"7_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramirez S et al (2016) Robust HCV genotype 3a infectious cell culture system permits identification of escape variants with resistance to sofosbuvir. Gastroenterology 151(5):973\u2013985 e2","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.07.013"},{"issue":"3","key":"7_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01888","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01888-19","volume":"64","author":"S Ramirez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ramirez S et al (2020) Cell culture studies of the efficacy and barrier to resistance of sofosbuvir-velpatasvir and glecaprevir-pibrentasvir against hepatitis C virus genotypes 2a, 2b, and 2c. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 64(3):e01888-e1919","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"30","key":"7_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22725","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R110.125294","volume":"285","author":"KD Raney","year":"2010","unstructured":"Raney KD et al (2010) Hepatitis C virus non-structural protein 3 (HCV NS3): a multifunctional antiviral target. J Biol Chem 285(30):22725\u201322731","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"7_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.12.038","volume":"55","author":"J Reiter","year":"2011","unstructured":"Reiter J et al (2011) Hepatitis C virus RNA recombination in cell culture. J Hepatol 55(4):777\u2013783","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"20","key":"7_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11193","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.20.11193-11200.2003","volume":"77","author":"T Rhodes","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rhodes T, Wargo H, Hu WS (2003) High rates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 recombination: near-random segregation of markers one kilobase apart in one round of viral replication. J Virol 77(20):11193\u201311200","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"7_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rong L et al (2010) Rapid emergence of protease inhibitor resistance in hepatitis C virus. Sci Transl Med 2(30):30ra32","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3000544"},{"issue":"7","key":"7_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0907.020692","volume":"9","author":"D Rousset","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rousset D et al (2003) Recombinant vaccine-derived poliovirus in Madagascar. Emerg Infect Dis 9(7):885\u2013887","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80166-X","volume":"33","author":"L Rubbia-Brandt","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rubbia-Brandt L et al (2000) Hepatocyte steatosis is a cytopathic effect of hepatitis C virus genotype 3. J Hepatol 33(1):106\u2013115","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"7_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.05603-11","volume":"86","author":"M Ruhl","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ruhl M et al (2012) Escape from a dominant HLA-B*15-restricted CD8+ T cell response against hepatitis C virus requires compensatory mutations outside the epitope. J Virol 86(2):991\u20131000","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"5","key":"7_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-79-5-947","volume":"79","author":"MD Ryan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ryan MD, Monaghan S, Flint M (1998) Virus-encoded proteinases of the Flaviviridae. J Gen Virol 79(5):947\u2013959","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"7_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2014.12.029","volume":"206","author":"SM Sagan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sagan SM, Chahal J, Sarnow P (2015) cis-Acting RNA elements in the hepatitis C virus RNA genome. Virus Res 206:90\u201398","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"7_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25602","volume":"92","author":"Y Saito","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saito Y et al (2020) Ribavirin induces hepatitis C virus genome mutations in chronic hepatitis patients who failed to respond to prior daclatasvir plus asunaprevir therapy. J Med Virol 92(2):210\u2013218","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"7_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2021.08.002","volume":"50","author":"E Salimi Alizei","year":"2021","unstructured":"Salimi Alizei E et al (2021) Mutational escape from cellular immunity in viral hepatitis: variations on a theme. Curr Opin Virol 50:110\u2013118","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol"},{"issue":"23","key":"7_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4433","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-016-2299-6","volume":"73","author":"R Sanjuan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sanjuan R, Domingo-Calap P (2016) Mechanisms of viral mutation. Cell Mol Life Sci 73(23):4433\u20134448","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"7_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.03.004","volume":"74","author":"C Sarrazin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sarrazin C (2021) Treatment failure with DAA therapy: importance of resistance. J Hepatol 74(6):1472\u20131482","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0711044105","volume":"105","author":"TK Scheel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Scheel TK et al (2008) Development of JFH1-based cell culture systems for hepatitis C virus genotype 4a and evidence for cross-genotype neutralization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105(3):997\u20131002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"6","key":"7_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2891","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01605-10","volume":"85","author":"TK Scheel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Scheel TK et al (2011) Efficient culture adaptation of hepatitis C virus recombinants with genotype-specific core-NS2 by using previously identified mutations. J Virol 85(6):2891\u20132906","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003228","volume":"9","author":"TK Scheel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Scheel TK et al (2013) Productive homologous and non-homologous recombination of hepatitis C virus in cell culture. PLoS Pathog 9(3):e1003228","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"3","key":"7_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.2174\/1574887114666190306154650","volume":"14","author":"R Scotto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Scotto R et al (2019) Real-world efficacy and safety of pangenotypic direct-acting antivirals against hepatitis C virus infection. Rev Recent Clin Trials 14(3):173\u2013182","journal-title":"Rev Recent Clin Trials"},{"issue":"6","key":"7_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3563","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02929-15","volume":"60","author":"SB Serre","year":"2016","unstructured":"Serre SB et al (2016) Hepatitis C virus genotype 1 to 6 protease inhibitor escape variants: in vitro selection, fitness, and resistance patterns in the context of the infectious viral life cycle. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 60(6):3563\u20133578","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"7_CR164","unstructured":"Shi ST, Lai MMC (2006) \u2018HCV 5\u2019 and 3\u2032UTR: when translation meets replication. In: Tan SL (ed) Hepatitis C viruses: genomes and molecular biology. Horizon Bioscience, Norfolk, UK"},{"key":"7_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01480","volume":"9","author":"NH Shoukry","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shoukry NH (2018) Hepatitis C vaccines, antibodies, and T cells. Front Immunol 9:1480","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"7_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030239","volume":"197","author":"NH Shoukry","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shoukry NH et al (2003) Memory CD8+ T cells are required for protection from persistent hepatitis C virus infection. J Exp Med 197(12):1645\u20131655","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"28","key":"7_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E4005","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1602591113","volume":"113","author":"B Shu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shu B, Gong P (2016) Structural basis of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalysis and translocation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113(28):E4005\u2013E4014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"7_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(96)80193-7","volume":"18","author":"P Simmonds","year":"1996","unstructured":"Simmonds P (1996) Virology of hepatitis C virus. Clin Ther Suppl B 18:9\u201336","journal-title":"Clin Ther Suppl B"},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000672","volume":"98","author":"P Simmonds","year":"2017","unstructured":"Simmonds P et al (2017) ICTV Virus taxonomy profile: Flaviviridae. J Gen Virol 98(1):2\u20133","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26744","volume":"59","author":"DB Smith","year":"2014","unstructured":"Smith DB et al (2014) Expanded classification of hepatitis C virus into 7 genotypes and 67 subtypes: updated criteria and genotype assignment web resource. Hepatology 59(1):318\u2013327","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"11","key":"7_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2894","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000612","volume":"97","author":"DB Smith","year":"2016","unstructured":"Smith DB et al (2016) Proposed update to the taxonomy of the genera Hepacivirus and Pegivirus within the Flaviviridae family. J Gen Virol 97(11):2894\u20132907","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6105","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25649-6","volume":"12","author":"DA Smith","year":"2021","unstructured":"Smith DA et al (2021) Viral genome wide association study identifies novel hepatitis C virus polymorphisms associated with sofosbuvir treatment failure. Nat Commun 12(1):6105","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"7_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.2147\/HMER.S130103","volume":"10","author":"N Sulejmani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sulejmani N, Jafri SM (2018) Grazoprevir\/elbasvir for the treatment of adults with chronic hepatitis C: a short review on the clinical evidence and place in therapy. Hepat Med 10:33\u201342","journal-title":"Hepat Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"7_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000205","volume":"28","author":"P Thiagarajan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thiagarajan P, Ryder SD (2015) The hepatitis C revolution part 1: antiviral treatment options. Curr Opin Infect Dis 28(6):563\u2013571","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"7_CR175","first-page":"210","volume":"7","author":"MM Thomson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Thomson MM, Najera R (2005) Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 variants in the global AIDS pandemic: an update. AIDS Rev 7(4):210\u2013224","journal-title":"AIDS Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"7_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.09.011","volume":"26","author":"J Vermehren","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vermehren J, Sarrazin C (2012) The role of resistance in HCV treatment. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 26(4):487\u2013503","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"Pt 6","key":"7_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.83668-0","volume":"89","author":"NNV Vijay","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vijay NNV et al (2008) Recombination increases human immunodeficiency virus fitness, but not necessarily diversity. J Gen Virol 89(Pt 6):1467\u20131477","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"issue":"2","key":"7_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.12.008","volume":"132","author":"T von Hahn","year":"2007","unstructured":"von Hahn T et al (2007) Hepatitis C virus continuously escapes from neutralizing antibody and T-cell responses during chronic infection in vivo. Gastroenterology 132(2):667\u2013678","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"5","key":"7_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.3390\/v8050142","volume":"8","author":"H Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang H, Tai AW (2016) Mechanisms of cellular membrane reorganization to support hepatitis C virus replication. Viruses 8(5):142","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"4","key":"7_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02478-12","volume":"87","author":"MJ Ward","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ward MJ et al (2013) Estimating the rate of intersubtype recombination in early HIV-1 group M strains. J Virol 87(4):1967\u20131973","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"9973","key":"7_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62401-6","volume":"385","author":"DP Webster","year":"2015","unstructured":"Webster DP, Klenerman P, Dusheiko GM (2015) Hepatitis C. Lancet 385(9973):1124\u20131135","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"7_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1053\/bega.1999.0072","volume":"14","author":"G Webster","year":"2000","unstructured":"Webster G et al (2000) HCV genotypes\u2013role in pathogenesis of disease and response to therapy. Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 14(2):229\u2013240","journal-title":"Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"7_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.08.014","volume":"61","author":"TM Welzel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Welzel TM, Dultz G, Zeuzem S (2014) Interferon-free antiviral combination therapies without nucleosidic polymerase inhibitors. J Hepatol 61(1 Suppl):S98-s107","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"7_CR184","unstructured":"WHO (2017) Global Hepatitis Report (Global Hepatitis Report)"},{"key":"7_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wing PAC et al (2019) Amino acid substitutions in genotype 3a hepatitis C virus polymerase protein affect responses to sofosbuvir. Gastroenterology 157(3):692\u2013704 e9","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.05.007"},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9071(200101)63:1<8::AID-JMV1001>3.0.CO;2-K","volume":"63","author":"GW Witherell","year":"2001","unstructured":"Witherell GW, Beineke P (2001) Statistical analysis of combined substitutions in nonstructural 5A region of hepatitis C virus and interferon response. J Med Virol 63(1):8\u201316","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"Pt 10","key":"7_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2535","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-80-10-2535","volume":"80","author":"M Worobey","year":"1999","unstructured":"Worobey M, Holmes EC (1999) Evolutionary aspects of recombination in RNA viruses. J Gen Virol 80(Pt 10):2535\u20132543","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"issue":"4","key":"7_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840380413","volume":"38","author":"KC Young","year":"2003","unstructured":"Young KC et al (2003) Identification of a ribavirin-resistant NS5B mutation of hepatitis C virus during ribavirin monotherapy. Hepatology 38(4):869\u2013878","journal-title":"Hepatology"}],"container-title":["Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology","Viral Fitness and Evolution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-15640-3_7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,19]],"date-time":"2023-03-19T19:13:37Z","timestamp":1679253217000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-15640-3_7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"ISBN":["9783031156397","9783031156403"],"references-count":188,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-15640-3_7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0070-217X","2196-9965"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0070-217X","type":"print"},{"value":"2196-9965","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 January 2023","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}