{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T14:49:51Z","timestamp":1742914191536,"version":"3.40.3"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783031157424"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783031157431"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-15743-1_7","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,28]],"date-time":"2022-08-28T23:03:43Z","timestamp":1661727823000},"page":"67-76","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Detecting Simpson\u2019s Paradox: A Step Towards Fairness in\u00a0Machine Learning"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9024-8768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahul","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6658-1712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minakshi","family":"Kaushik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7858-9463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sijo Arakkal","family":"Peious","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0644-8095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Bertl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2851-4260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ankit","family":"Vidyarthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2100-900X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashwani","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3376-7489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dirk","family":"Draheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"7_CR1","unstructured":"Agrawal, R., Srikant, R.: Fast algorithms for mining association rules in large databases. In: Proceedings of VLDB 1994 - the 20th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases, pp. 487\u2013499. Morgan Kaufmann (1994)"},{"issue":"338","key":"7_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1972.10482387","volume":"67","author":"CR Blyth","year":"1972","unstructured":"Blyth, C.R.: On Simpson\u2019s paradox and the sure-thing principle. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 67(338), 364\u2013366 (1972)","journal-title":"J. Am. Stat. Assoc."},{"key":"7_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(195201)8:1<5::AID-JCLP2270080103>3.0.CO;2-S","volume":"8","author":"RB Cattell","year":"1952","unstructured":"Cattell, R.B.: P-technique factorization and the determination of individual dynamic structure. J. Clin. Psychol. 8, 5\u201310 (1952)","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1177\/001316447403400105","volume":"34","author":"AJ Conger","year":"1974","unstructured":"Conger, A.J.: A revised definition for suppressor variables: a guide to their identification and interpretation. Educ. Psychol. Meas. 34(1), 35\u201346 (1974)","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol. Meas."},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1979.tb01052.x","volume":"41","author":"AP Dawid","year":"1979","unstructured":"Dawid, A.P.: Conditional independence in statistical theory. J. Roy. Stat. Soc. Ser. B (Methodol.) 41(1), 1\u201315 (1979). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1979.tb01052.x","journal-title":"J. Roy. Stat. Soc. Ser. B (Methodol.)"},{"key":"7_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Draheim, D.: DEXA 2019 keynote presentation: future perspectives of association rule mining based on partial conditionalization, Linz, Austria, 28th August 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/RG.2.2.17763.48163","DOI":"10.13140\/RG.2.2.17763.48163"},{"key":"7_CR7","unstructured":"Draheim, D.: Future perspectives of association rule mining based on partial conditionalization. In: Hartmann, S., K\u00fcng, J., Chakravarthy, S., Anderst-Kotsis, G., Tjoa, A.M., Khalil, I. (eds.) Proceedings of DEXA\u20192019 - the 30th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications. LNCS, vol. 11706, p. xvi. Springer, Heidelberg (2019)"},{"issue":"2","key":"7_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1936.tb02137.x","volume":"7","author":"RA Fisher","year":"1936","unstructured":"Fisher, R.A.: The use of multiple measurement in taxonomic problems. Ann. Eugenics 7(2), 179\u2013188 (1936). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1936.tb02137.x","journal-title":"Ann. Eugenics"},{"key":"7_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fisher, R.A.: Iii. the influence of rainfall on the yield of wheat at rothamsted. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. Ser. B Containing Papers Biol. Charact. 213(402\u2013410), 89\u2013142 (1925)","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1925.0003"},{"key":"7_CR10","unstructured":"Freitas, A.A., McGarry, K.J., Correa, E.S.: Integrating bayesian networks and simpson\u2019s paradox in data mining. In: Texts in Philosophy. College Publications (2007)"},{"key":"7_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gorman, K.B., Williams, T.D., Fraser, W.R.: Ecological sexual dimorphism and environmental variability within a community of antarctic penguins (genus pygoscelis). PLOS ONE 9(3), 1\u201314 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0090081","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090081"},{"key":"7_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Horst, A.M., Hill, A.P., Gorman, K.B.: palmerpenguins: Palmer Archipelago (Antarctica) penguin data (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.3960218, https:\/\/allisonhorst.github.io\/palmerpenguins\/, r package version 0.1.0","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.3960218"},{"key":"7_CR13","unstructured":"Julia, A., Jeff, L., Surya, M., Lauren, K.: Machine Bias, www.propublica.org\/article\/machine-bias-risk-assessments-in-criminal-sentencing?token=TiqCeZIj4uLbXl91e3wM2PnmnWbCVOvS"},{"key":"7_CR14","series-title":"Communications in Computer and Information Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-33-4370-2_1","volume-title":"Future Data and Security Engineering. Big Data, Security and Privacy, Smart City and Industry 4.0 Applications","author":"M Kaushik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kaushik, M., Sharma, R., Peious, S.A., Shahin, M., Ben Yahia, S., Draheim, D.: On the potential of numerical association rule mining. In: Dang, T.K., K\u00fcng, J., Takizawa, M., Chung, T.M. (eds.) FDSE 2020. CCIS, vol. 1306, pp. 3\u201320. Springer, Singapore (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-33-4370-2_1"},{"issue":"5","key":"7_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-021-00725-2","volume":"2","author":"M Kaushik","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kaushik, M., Sharma, R., Peious, S.A., Shahin, M., Yahia, S.B., Draheim, D.: A systematic assessment of numerical association rule mining methods. SN Comput. Sci. 2(5), 1\u201313 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42979-021-00725-2","journal-title":"SN Comput. Sci."},{"key":"7_CR16","unstructured":"King, G., Roberts, M.: Ei: a (n r) program for ecological inference. Harvard University (2012)"},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.58.110405.085542","volume":"58","author":"DP MacKinnon","year":"2007","unstructured":"MacKinnon, D.P., Fairchild, A.J., Fritz, M.S.: Mediation analysis. Ann. Rev. Psychol. 58(1), 593\u2013614 (2007). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.psych.58.110405.085542","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"7_CR18","volume-title":"Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy","author":"C O\u2019Neil","year":"2016","unstructured":"O\u2019Neil, C.: Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy. Crown Publishing Group, New York (2016)"},{"issue":"450","key":"7_CR19","first-page":"428","volume":"95","author":"J Pearl","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pearl, J.: Causal inference without counterfactuals: comment. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 95(450), 428\u2013431 (2000)","journal-title":"J. Am. Stat. Assoc."},{"key":"7_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pearl, J.: Understanding Simpson\u2019s paradox. SSRN Electron. J. 68 (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.2343788","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2343788"},{"key":"7_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.1899.0006","volume":"192","author":"LA Pearson Karl","year":"1899","unstructured":"Pearson Karl, L.A., Leslie, B.M.: Genetic (reproductive) selection: inheritance of fertility in man, and of fecundity in thoroughbred racehorses. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. Ser. A 192, 257\u2013330 (1899)","journal-title":"Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. Ser. A"},{"key":"7_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Quinlan, J.: Combining instance-based and model-based learning. In: Machine Learning Proceedings 1993, pp. 236\u2013243. Elsevier (1993). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-1-55860-307-3.50037-X","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-307-3.50037-X"},{"issue":"3","key":"7_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.2307\/2087176","volume":"15","author":"WS Robinson","year":"1950","unstructured":"Robinson, W.S.: Ecological correlations and the behavior of individuals. Am. Sociol. Rev. 15(3), 351\u2013357 (1950)","journal-title":"Am. Sociol. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/70.1.41","volume":"70","author":"PR Rosenbaum","year":"1983","unstructured":"Rosenbaum, P.R., Rubin, D.B.: The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika 70(1), 41\u201355 (1983)","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"7_CR25","unstructured":"Sharma, R., Peious, S.A.: Towards unification of decision support technologies: Statistical reasoning, OLAP and association rule mining. https:\/\/github.com\/rahulgla\/unification"},{"issue":"2","key":"7_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1951.tb00088.x","volume":"13","author":"EH Simpson","year":"1951","unstructured":"Simpson, E.H.: The interpretation of interaction in contingency tables. J. Roy. Stat. Soc. Ser. B (Methodol.) 13(2), 238\u2013241 (1951)","journal-title":"J. Roy. Stat. Soc. Ser. B (Methodol.)"},{"key":"7_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Srikant, R., Agrawal, R.: Mining quantitative association rules in large relational tables. In: Proceedings of the 1996 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, pp. 1\u201312 (1996)","DOI":"10.1145\/235968.233311"},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-7622-5-2","volume":"5","author":"YK Tu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tu, Y.K., Gunnell, D., Gilthorpe, M.S.: Simpson\u2019s paradox, lord\u2019s paradox, and suppression effects are the same phenomenon-the reversal paradox. Emerg. Themes Epidemiol. 5(1), 1\u20139 (2008)","journal-title":"Emerg. Themes Epidemiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"7_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/2.2.121","volume":"2","author":"GU Yule","year":"1903","unstructured":"Yule, G.U.: Notes on the theory of association of attributes in statistics. Biometrika 2(2), 121\u2013134 (1903)","journal-title":"Biometrika"}],"container-title":["Communications in Computer and Information Science","New Trends in Database and Information Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-15743-1_7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T18:41:22Z","timestamp":1727894482000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-15743-1_7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"ISBN":["9783031157424","9783031157431"],"references-count":29,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-15743-1_7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-0929","1865-0937"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1865-0929"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1865-0937"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 August 2022","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"ADBIS","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"European Conference on Advances in Databases and Information Systems","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Turin","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Italy","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2022","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"5 September 2022","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"8 September 2022","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"26","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"adbis2022","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/adbis2022.polito.it\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Single-blind","order":1,"name":"type","label":"Type","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"EasyChair","order":2,"name":"conference_management_system","label":"Conference Management System","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"90","order":3,"name":"number_of_submissions_sent_for_review","label":"Number of Submissions Sent for Review","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"23","order":4,"name":"number_of_full_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Full Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"28","order":5,"name":"number_of_short_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Short Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"26% - The value is computed by the equation \"Number of Full Papers Accepted \/ Number of Submissions Sent for Review * 100\" and then rounded to a whole number.","order":6,"name":"acceptance_rate_of_full_papers","label":"Acceptance Rate of Full Papers","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3.12","order":7,"name":"average_number_of_reviews_per_paper","label":"Average Number of Reviews per Paper","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3.4","order":8,"name":"average_number_of_papers_per_reviewer","label":"Average Number of Papers per Reviewer","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"Yes","order":9,"name":"external_reviewers_involved","label":"External Reviewers Involved","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"28 short papers are included in the CCIS volume","order":10,"name":"additional_info_on_review_process","label":"Additional Info on Review Process","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}}]}}