{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T14:48:19Z","timestamp":1775746099018,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783031157769","type":"print"},{"value":"9783031157776","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-15777-6_10","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]],"date-time":"2022-08-23T15:24:33Z","timestamp":1661268273000},"page":"163-183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Improving Deep Learning Based Password Guessing Models Using Pre-processing"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Yuxuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ding","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunkai","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziyi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"10_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blocki, J., Harsha, B., Zhou, S.: On the economics of offline password cracking. In: Proceedings of IEEE S &P 2018, pp. 853\u2013871 (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2018.00009"},{"key":"10_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonneau, J., Herley, C., Van Oorschot, P.C., Stajano, F.: The request to replace passwords: a framework for comparative evaluation of web authentication schemes. In: Proceedings of IEEE S &P 2012, pp. 553\u2013567 (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2012.44"},{"issue":"7","key":"10_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1145\/2699390","volume":"58","author":"J Bonneau","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bonneau, J., Herley, C., Van Oorschot, P.C., Stajano, F.: Passwords and the evolution of imperfect authentication. Commun. ACM 58(7), 78\u201387 (2015)","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"10_CR4","unstructured":"Gulrajani, I., Ahmed, F., Arjovsky, M., Dumoulin, V., Courville, A.C.: Improved training of Wasserstein GANs. In: Proceedings of the NIPS 2017, pp. 5769\u20135779 (2017)"},{"key":"10_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hitaj, B., Gasti, P., Ateniese, G., Perez-Cruz, F.: PassGAN: a deep learning approach for password guessing. In: Proceedings of the ACNS 2019 (2019)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-21568-2_11"},{"issue":"8","key":"10_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2015.2428671","volume":"10","author":"S Houshmand","year":"2015","unstructured":"Houshmand, S., Aggarwal, S., Flood, R.: Next gen PCFG password cracking. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 10(8), 1776\u20131791 (2015)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur."},{"key":"10_CR7","unstructured":"Li, Z., Han, W., Xu, W.: A large-scale empirical analysis of Chinese web passwords. In: Proceedings of the USENIX Security 2014, pp. 559\u2013574 (2014)"},{"key":"10_CR8","unstructured":"Lipton, Z.C., Berkowitz, J., Elkan, C.: A critical review of recurrent neural networks for sequence learning. arXiv preprint arXiv:1506.00019 (2015)"},{"key":"10_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y., et al.: GENPass: a general deep learning model for password guessing with PCFG rules and adversarial generation. In: Proceedings of ICC 2018, pp. 1\u20136 (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2018.8422243"},{"key":"10_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, J., Yang, W., Luo, M., Li, N.: A study of probabilistic password models. In: Proceedings of IEEE S &P 2014, pp. 689\u2013704 (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2014.50"},{"key":"10_CR11","unstructured":"Melicher, W., Ur, B., Komanduri, S., Bauer, L., Christin, N., Cranor, L.F.: Fast, lean and accurate: modeling password guessability using neural networks. In: Proceedings of the USENIX SEC 2017, pp. 1\u201317 (2017)"},{"key":"10_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Narayanan, A., Shmatikov, V.: Fast dictionary attacks on passwords using time-space tradeoff. In: Proceedings of the ACM CCS 2005, pp. 364\u2013372 (2005)","DOI":"10.1145\/1102120.1102168"},{"key":"10_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2018.04.004","volume":"75","author":"P Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez, P., Bautista, M.A., Gonz\u00e0lez, J., Escalera, S.: Beyond one-hot encoding: lower dimensional target embedding. Image Vis. Comput. 75, 21\u201331 (2018)","journal-title":"Image Vis. Comput."},{"issue":"11","key":"10_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2776","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2017.2721359","volume":"12","author":"D Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang, D., Cheng, H., Wang, P., Huang, X., Jian, G.: Zipf\u2019s law in passwords. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 12(11), 2776\u20132791 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur."},{"key":"10_CR15","unstructured":"Wang, D., Wang, P., He, D., Tian, Y.: Birthday, name and bifacial-security: understanding passwords of Chinese web users. In: Proceedings of the USENIX SEC 2019 (2019)"},{"key":"10_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, D., Zhang, Z., Wang, P., Yan, J., Huang, X.: Targeted online password guessing: an underestimated threat. In: Proceedings of the ACM CCS 2016, pp. 1242\u20131254 (2016)","DOI":"10.1145\/2976749.2978339"},{"key":"10_CR17","unstructured":"Wang, D., Zou, Y., Tao, Y., Wang, B.: Password guessing based on recurrent neural networks and generative adversarial networks. Chin. J. Comput. 1519\u20131534 (2021)"},{"key":"10_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weir, M., Aggarwal, S., de Medeiros, B., Glodek, B.: Password cracking using probabilistic context-free grammars. In: Proceedings of the IEEE S &P 2009, pp. 391\u2013405 (2009)","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2009.8"},{"key":"10_CR19","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-55304-3_18","volume-title":"Information Security and Privacy","author":"Z Xie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xie, Z., Zhang, M., Yin, A., Li, Z.: A new targeted password guessing model. In: Liu, J.K., Cui, H. (eds.) ACISP 2020. LNCS, vol. 12248, pp. 350\u2013368. Springer, Cham (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-55304-3_18"},{"key":"10_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, M., Wang, C., Yu, J., Zhang, J., Zhang, K., Han, W.: Chunk-level password guessing: towards modeling refined password composition representations. In: Proceedings of the ACM CCS 2021, pp. 5\u201320 (2021)","DOI":"10.1145\/3460120.3484743"},{"key":"10_CR21","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-86890-1_9","volume-title":"Information and Communications Security","author":"K Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang, K., Hu, X., Zhang, Q., Wei, J., Liu, W.: Studies of keyboard patterns in\u00a0passwords: recognition, characteristics and strength evolution. In: Gao, D., Li, Q., Guan, X., Liao, X. (eds.) ICICS 2021. LNCS, vol. 12918, pp. 153\u2013168. Springer, Cham (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-86890-1_9"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Information and Communications Security"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-15777-6_10","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T17:07:08Z","timestamp":1709831228000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-15777-6_10"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"ISBN":["9783031157769","9783031157776"],"references-count":21,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-15777-6_10","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 August 2022","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}