{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T23:25:54Z","timestamp":1773444354556,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783031160912","type":"print"},{"value":"9783031160929","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-16092-9_7","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T20:37:15Z","timestamp":1662410235000},"page":"95-113","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Attestation Mechanisms for\u00a0Trusted Execution Environments Demystified"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2470-2827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e4mes","family":"M\u00e9n\u00e9trey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4465-6197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"G\u00f6ttel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5788-069X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anum","family":"Khurshid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3064-5315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo","family":"Pasin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1574-6721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pascal","family":"Felber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1493-6603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerio","family":"Schiavoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8192-0893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahid","family":"Raza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"7_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abera, T., Bahmani, R., Brasser, F., et al.: DIAT: data integrity attestation for resilient collaboration of autonomous systems. In: NDSS 2019 (2019)","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2019.23420"},{"issue":"1","key":"7_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-020-07364-5","volume":"114","author":"J Ahn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahn, J., Lee, I.-G., Kim, M.: Design and implementation of hardware-based remote attestation for a secure internet of things. Wireless Pers. Commun. 114(1), 295\u2013327 (2020)","journal-title":"Wireless Pers. Commun."},{"key":"7_CR3","unstructured":"AMD: Secure encrypted virtualization API: technical preview. Technical report 55766 (2019)"},{"key":"7_CR4","unstructured":"AMD: Strengthening VM isolation with integrity protection and more. White Paper (2020)"},{"key":"7_CR5","unstructured":"Anati, I., Gueron, S., Johnson, S., et al.: Innovative technology for CPU based attestation and sealing. In: HASP 2013 (2013)"},{"key":"7_CR6","unstructured":"ARM: ARM TrustZone technology for the Armv8-M architecture. Technical report 100690 (2016)"},{"key":"7_CR7","unstructured":"ARM:. Armv8-M Architecture Reference Manual. DDI0553 (2016)"},{"key":"7_CR8","unstructured":"ARM: Introducing ARM confidential compute architecture. Technical report, DEN0125 (2021)"},{"key":"7_CR9","unstructured":"ARM: Memory protection unit. Technical report, 100699, version 2.1 (2018)"},{"key":"7_CR10","unstructured":"ARM: Platform security architecture application guide. Technical report, version 2 (2019)"},{"key":"7_CR11","unstructured":"ARM: The realm management extension (RME), for Armv9-A. DDI0615 (2021)"},{"key":"7_CR12","unstructured":"Aublin, P.L., Mahhouk, M., Kapitza, R.: Towards TEEs with large secure memory and integrity protection against HW attacks. In: SysTEX 2022 (2022)"},{"key":"7_CR13","unstructured":"Birkholz, H., Thaler, D., Richardson, M., et al.: Remote attestation procedures architecture. Technical report. draft-ietf-rats-architecture-12, Internet Engineering Task Force (2021)"},{"key":"7_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brickell, E., Li, J.: Enhanced privacy ID: a direct anonymous attestation scheme with enhanced revocation capabilities. In: WPES 2007 (2007)","DOI":"10.1145\/1314333.1314337"},{"key":"7_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buhren, R., Werling, C., Seifert, J.-P.: Insecure until proven updated: analyzing AMD SEV\u2019s remote attestation. In: CCS 2019. ACM (2019)","DOI":"10.1145\/3319535.3354216"},{"key":"7_CR16","unstructured":"Chen, G., Zhang, Y.: Mage: mutual attestation for a group of enclaves without trusted third parties. arXiv preprint arXiv:2008.09501 (2020)"},{"key":"7_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, G., Zhang, Y., Lai, T.-H.: Opera: open remote attestation for Intel\u2019s secure enclaves. In: CCS 2019. ACM (2019)","DOI":"10.1145\/3319535.3354220"},{"key":"7_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coker, G., Guttman, J., Loscocco, P., et al.: Principles of remote attestation. Int. J. Inf. Secur. 10(2), 63\u201381 (2011)","DOI":"10.1007\/s10207-011-0124-7"},{"key":"7_CR19","unstructured":"Costan, V., Devadas, S.: Intel SGX explained. Cryptology ePrint Archive"},{"key":"7_CR20","unstructured":"Costan, V., Lebedev, I., Devadas, S.: Sanctum: minimal hardware extensions for strong software isolation. In: USENIX Security 2016 (2016)"},{"key":"7_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Oliveira Nunes, I., Jakkamsetti, S., Rattanavipanon, N., et al.: On the TOCTOU problem in remote attestation. In: CCS 2021. ACM (2021)","DOI":"10.1145\/3460120.3484532"},{"key":"7_CR22","unstructured":"Enarx. https:\/\/enarx.dev"},{"key":"7_CR23","unstructured":"Garlati, C., Pinto, S.: A clean slate approach to Linux security RISC-V enclaves. In: EW 2020 (2020)"},{"key":"7_CR24","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-22496-7_11","volume-title":"Distributed Applications and Interoperable Systems","author":"C G\u00f6ttel","year":"2019","unstructured":"G\u00f6ttel, C., Felber, P., Schiavoni, V.: Developing secure services for IoT with OP-TEE: a first look at performance and usability. In: Pereira, J., Ricci, L. (eds.) DAIS 2019. LNCS, vol. 11534, pp. 170\u2013178. Springer, Cham (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-22496-7_11"},{"key":"7_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hetzelt, F., Buhren, R.: Security analysis of encrypted virtual machines. In: VEE 2017. ACM (2017)","DOI":"10.1145\/3050748.3050763"},{"key":"7_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hunt, G.D.H., Pai, R., Le, M.V., et al.: Confidential computing for OpenPOWER. In: EuroSys 2021. ACM (2021)","DOI":"10.1145\/3447786.3456243"},{"key":"7_CR27","unstructured":"Intel: Trust domain extensions (2020). https:\/\/intel.ly\/3L901wS"},{"key":"7_CR28","unstructured":"Intel: XuCode (2021). https:\/\/intel.ly\/3rYAhMI"},{"key":"7_CR29","unstructured":"Kaplan, D.: Protecting VM register state with SEV-ES. Technical report (2017)"},{"key":"7_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kong, J., Koushanfar, F., Pendyala, P.K., et al.: PUFatt: embedded platform attestation based on novel processor-based PUFs. In: DAC 2014. IEEE (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/DAC.2014.6881436"},{"key":"7_CR31","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-45146-4_24","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology - CRYPTO 2003","author":"H Krawczyk","year":"2003","unstructured":"Krawczyk, H.: SIGMA: The \u2018SIGn-and-MAc\u2019 approach to authenticated Diffie-Hellman and its use in the IKE protocols. In: Boneh, D. (ed.) CRYPTO 2003. LNCS, vol. 2729, pp. 400\u2013425. Springer, Heidelberg (2003). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-45146-4_24"},{"key":"7_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lebedev, I., Hogan, K., Devadas, S.: Invited paper: secure boot and remote attestation in the Sanctum processor. In: CSF 2018. IEEE (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/CSF.2018.00011"},{"key":"7_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, D., Kohlbrenner, D., Shinde, S., et al.: Keystone: an open framework for architecting trusted execution environments. In: EuroSys 2020. ACM (2020)","DOI":"10.1145\/3342195.3387532"},{"key":"7_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, W., Li, H., Chen, H., et al.: AdAttester: secure online mobile advertisement attestation using TrustZone. In: MobiSys 2015. ACM (2015)","DOI":"10.1145\/2742647.2742676"},{"key":"7_CR35","unstructured":"Lindemer, S., Mid\u00e9us, G., Raza, S.: Real-time thread isolation and trusted execution on embedded RISC-V. In: SECRISC-V 2020 (2020)"},{"key":"7_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maene, P., G\u00f6tzfried, J., de Clercq, R., et al.: Hardware-based trusted computing architectures for isolation and attestation. IEEE Trans. Comput. 67(3), 361\u2013374 (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2017.2647955"},{"key":"7_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00e9n\u00e9trey, J., Pasin, M., Felber, P., et al.: An exploratory study of attestation mechanisms for trusted execution environments. In: SysTEX 2022 (2022)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-16092-9_7"},{"key":"7_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00e9n\u00e9trey, J., Pasin, M., Felber, P., et al.: Twine: an embedded trusted runtime for WebAssembly. In: ICDE 2021. IEEE (2021)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE51399.2021.00025"},{"key":"7_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nasahl, P., Schilling, R., Werner, M., et al.: HECTOR-V: a heterogeneous CPU architecture for a secure RISC-V execution environment. In: ASIA CCS 2021. ACM (2021)","DOI":"10.1145\/3433210.3453112"},{"key":"7_CR40","unstructured":"Nunes, I.D.O., Eldefrawy, K., Rattanavipanon, N., et al.: VRASED: a verified hardware\/software co-design for remote attestation. In: USENIX Security 2019 (2019)"},{"key":"7_CR41","unstructured":"Open Enclave SDK. https:\/\/openenclave.io"},{"key":"7_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pinto, S., Santos, N.: Demystifying ARM TrustZone: a comprehensive survey. ACM Comput. Surv. 51(6), 1\u201336 (2019)","DOI":"10.1145\/3291047"},{"key":"7_CR43","unstructured":"Raj, H., Saroiu, S., Wolman, A., et al.: fTPM: a Software-Only implementation of a TPM chip. In: USENIX Security 2016 (2016)"},{"key":"7_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sardar, M.U., Musaev, S., Fetzer, C.: Demystifying attestation in Intel Trust Domain Extensions via formal verification. IEEE Access 9, 83067\u201383079 (2021)","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3087421"},{"key":"7_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sardar, M.U., Quoc, D.L., Fetzer, C.: Towards formalization of enhanced privacy ID (EPID)-based remote attestation in Intel SGX. In: DSD 2020. IEEE (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/DSD51259.2020.00099"},{"key":"7_CR46","unstructured":"Scarlata, V., Johnson, S., Beaney, J., et al.: Supporting third party attestation for Intel SGX with Intel data center attestation primitives. White paper (2018)"},{"key":"7_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seshadri, A., Luk, M., Shi, E., et al.: Pioneer: verifying integrity and guaranteeing execution of code on legacy platforms. In: SOSP 2005. ACM (2005)","DOI":"10.1145\/1095810.1095812"},{"key":"7_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shepherd, C., Akram, R.N., Markantonakis, K.: Establishing mutually trusted channels for remote sensing devices with trusted execution environments. In: ARES 2017. ACM (2017)","DOI":"10.1145\/3098954.3098971"},{"key":"7_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shepherd, C., Markantonakis, K., Jaloyan, G.-A.: LIRA-V: lightweight remote attestation for constrained RISC-V devices. In: SPW 2021. IEEE (2021)","DOI":"10.1109\/SPW53761.2021.00036"},{"key":"7_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Subramanyan, P., Sinha, R., Lebedev, I., et al.: A formal foundation for secure remote execution of enclaves. In: CCS 2017. ACM (2017)","DOI":"10.1145\/3133956.3134098"},{"key":"7_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turan, F., Verbauwhede, I.: Propagating trusted execution through mutual attestation. In: SysTEX 2019. ACM (2019)","DOI":"10.1145\/3342559.3365334"},{"key":"7_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vaucher, S., Pires, R., Felber, P., et al.: SGX-aware container orchestration for heterogeneous clusters. In: ICDCS 2018. IEEE (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDCS.2018.00076"},{"key":"7_CR53","unstructured":"Veracruz. https:\/\/veracruz-project.com"},{"key":"7_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weiser, S., Werner, M., Brasser, F., et al.: TIMBER-V: tag-isolated memory bringing fine-grained enclaves to RISC-V. In: NDSS 2019 (2019)","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2019.23068"},{"key":"7_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, W., Zhang, X., Hu, H., et al.: Remote attestation with domain-based integrity model and policy analysis. IEEE TDSC 9(3), 429\u2013442 (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2011.61"},{"key":"7_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, S., Zhang, Q., Qin, Y., et al.: SecTEE: a software-based approach to secure enclave architecture using TEE. In: CCS 2019. ACM (2019)","DOI":"10.1145\/3319535.3363205"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Distributed Applications and Interoperable Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-16092-9_7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,18]],"date-time":"2023-02-18T04:35:30Z","timestamp":1676694930000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-16092-9_7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"ISBN":["9783031160912","9783031160929"],"references-count":56,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-16092-9_7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 September 2022","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"DAIS","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"IFIP International Conference on Distributed Applications and Interoperable Systems","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Lucca","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Italy","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2022","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"13 June 2022","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"17 June 2022","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"17","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"dais2022","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Single-blind","order":1,"name":"type","label":"Type","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"EasyChair","order":2,"name":"conference_management_system","label":"Conference Management System","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"19","order":3,"name":"number_of_submissions_sent_for_review","label":"Number of Submissions Sent for Review","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"9","order":4,"name":"number_of_full_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Full Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"2","order":5,"name":"number_of_short_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Short Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"47% - The value is computed by the equation \"Number of Full Papers Accepted \/ Number of Submissions Sent for Review * 100\" and then rounded to a whole number.","order":6,"name":"acceptance_rate_of_full_papers","label":"Acceptance Rate of Full Papers","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3.89","order":7,"name":"average_number_of_reviews_per_paper","label":"Average Number of Reviews per Paper","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3.7","order":8,"name":"average_number_of_papers_per_reviewer","label":"Average Number of Papers per Reviewer","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"Yes","order":9,"name":"external_reviewers_involved","label":"External Reviewers Involved","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"One invited paper is also included.","order":10,"name":"additional_info_on_review_process","label":"Additional Info on Review Process","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}}]}}