{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T01:46:51Z","timestamp":1771465611690,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":67,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783031195594","type":"print"},{"value":"9783031195600","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-19560-0_14","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T14:10:15Z","timestamp":1678803015000},"page":"181-193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Getting Things Right: Ontology and Epistemology in Smart Cities Research"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3240-3771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Visvizi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4420-0130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orlando","family":"Troisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7051-7932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mara","family":"Grimaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2886-8277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Koz\u0142owski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"14_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Visvizi, A., Lytras, M.: Rescaling and refocusing smart cities research: from mega cities to smart villages. J. Sci. Technol. Policy Manag. (JSTPM) (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/JSTPM-02-2018-0020","DOI":"10.1108\/JSTPM-02-2018-0020"},{"key":"14_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2018.12.018","volume":"142","author":"FP Appio","year":"2019","unstructured":"Appio, F.P., Lima, M., Paroutis, S.: Understanding smart cities: Innovation ecosystems, technological advancements, and societal challenges. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. 142, 1\u201314 (2019)","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang."},{"key":"14_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Visvizi, A., Lytras, M.D.: Smart cities research and debate: what is in there?. In: Visvizi, A., Lytras, M.D. (eds.) Smart Cities: Issues and Challenges: Mapping Political, Social and Economic Risks and Threats. Elsevier. ISBN: 9780128166390. (2019). https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/books\/smart-cities-issues-and-challenges\/lytras\/978-0-12-816639-0","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-816639-0.00001-6"},{"issue":"2","key":"14_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1108\/JSTPM-05-2017-0020","volume":"8","author":"A Visvizi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Visvizi, A., Mazzucelli, C.G., Lytras, M.: Irregular migratory flows: towards an ICTs\u2019 enabled integrated framework for resilient urban systems. J. Sci. Technol. Policy Manag 8(2), 227\u2013242 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/JSTPM-05-2017-0020","journal-title":"J. Sci. Technol. Policy Manag"},{"key":"14_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tranos, E., Ioannides, Y.M.: ICT and cities revisited. Telematics Inf. 55, 101439. ISSN: 0736-5853 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tele.2020.101439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tele.2020.101439"},{"key":"14_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vinod Kumar, T.M., Dahiya, B.: Smart economy in smart cities. In: Vinod Kumar, T. (eds.) Smart Economy in Smart Cities. Advances in 21st Century Human settlements. Springer, Singapore (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-10-1610-3_1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-1610-3_1"},{"issue":"7","key":"14_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.3390\/su8070649","volume":"8","author":"K Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim, K., Jung, J.-K., Choi, J.Y.: (2016) Impact of the smart city industry on the korean national economy: input-output analysis. Sustainability. 8(7), 649 (2016)","journal-title":"Sustainability."},{"issue":"6","key":"14_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4724","DOI":"10.3390\/en8064724","volume":"8","author":"R Ferrara","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ferrara, R.: The smart city and the green economy in Europe: a critical approach. Energies 8(6), 4724\u20134734 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/en8064724","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"14_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Anttiroiko, A.V., Valkama, P., Bailey, S.J.: Smart cities in the new service economy: building platforms for smart services. AI Soc. 29, 323\u2013334 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00146-013-0464-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-013-0464-0"},{"key":"14_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Prendeville, S., Cherim, E., Bocken, N.: Circular cities: mapping six cities in transition, environmental innovation and societal transitions 26, 171\u2013194 (2018). ISSN: 2210-4224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eist.2017.03.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eist.2017.03.002"},{"key":"14_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chauhan, A., Jakhar, S.K., Chauhan, C.H.: The interplay of circular economy with industry 4.0 enabled smart city drivers of healthcare waste disposal. J. Clean. Prod. 279, 123854 (2021). ISSN: 0959-6526. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123854"},{"key":"14_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18611","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2896065","volume":"7","author":"MA Rahman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rahman, M.A., Rashid, M.N., Hossain, M.S., Hassanain, E., Alhamid, M.F., Guizani, M.: Blockchain and IoT-based cognitive edge framework for sharing economy services in a smart city. IEEE Access 7, 18611\u201318621 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2896065","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"14_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Eichelberger, S., Peters, M., Pikkemaat, B., Chan, C.-S.: Entrepreneurial ecosystems in smart cities for tourism development: From stakeholder perceptions to regional tourism policy implications. J. Hosp. Tour. Manag. 45, 319\u2013329 (2020). ISSN: 1447-6770. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhtm.2020.06.011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhtm.2020.06.011"},{"key":"14_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Barba-S\u00e1nchez, V., Arias-Ant\u00fanez, E., Orozco-Barbosa, L.: Smart cities as a source for entrepreneurial opportunities: evidence for Spain, technological forecasting and social change 148, 119713 (2019). ISSN: 0040-1625. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.techfore.2019.119713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2019.119713"},{"key":"14_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kummitha, R.K.R.: Smart cities and entrepreneurship: an agenda for future research. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. 149, 119763 (2019). ISSN: 0040-1625. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.techfore.2019.119763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2019.119763"},{"key":"14_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kullu, P., Majeedullah, S., Pranay, P.V.S., Yakub, B.: Smart urban farming (Entrepreneurship through EPICS). Procedia Comput. Sci. 172, 452\u2013459 (2020). ISSN: 1877-0509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.procs.2020.05.098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2020.05.098"},{"key":"14_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Perng, S.Y., Kitchin, R., Mac Donncha, D.: Hackathons, entrepreneurial life and the making of smart cities. Geoforum. 97, 189\u2013197 (2018). ISSN: 0016-7185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.geoforum.2018.08.024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoforum.2018.08.024"},{"key":"14_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Blanck, M., Duarte Ribeiro, J.L., Anzanello, M.J.: A relational exploratory study of business incubation and smart cities\u2014findings from Europe, Cities, vol. 88, pp. 48\u201358 (2019). ISSN: 0264-2751. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cities.2018.12.032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2018.12.032"},{"key":"14_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kummitha, R.K.R., Crutzen, N.: Smart cities and the citizen-driven internet of things: a qualitative inquiry into an emerging smart city. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change 140, 44\u201353 (2019). ISSN: 0040-1625.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.techfore.2018.12.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2018.12.001"},{"key":"14_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6506","DOI":"10.3390\/su14116506","volume":"14","author":"R Malik","year":"2022","unstructured":"Malik, R., Visvizi, A., Troisi, O., Grimaldi, M.: Smart services in smart cities: insights from science mapping analysis. Sustainability 14, 6506 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su14116506","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"14_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Penco, L., Ivaldi, E., Bruzzi, C., Musso, E.: Knowledge-based urban environments and entrepreneurship: inside EU cities. Cities 96 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cities.2019.102443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2019.102443"},{"key":"14_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rybka-Iwa\u0144ska, K., Serradel-Lopez, E.: Smart cities and the search for global talent. In: Visvizi, A., Lytras, M.D. (eds.) Smart Cities: Issues and Challenges: Mapping Political, Social and Economic Risks and Threats, pp. 171\u2013184. Elsevier (2019). ISBN: 9780128166390","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-816639-0.00010-7"},{"key":"14_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dziemba\u0142a, M.: Smart city as a steering center of the region\u2019s sustainable development and competitiveness. In: Visvizi, A., Lytras, M.D. (eds.) Smart cities: issues and challenges: mapping political, social and economic risks and threats, pp.149-169. Elsevier (2019). ISBN: 9780128166390","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-816639-0.00009-0"},{"key":"14_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ferraris, A., Belyaeva, Z., Bresciani, S.: The role of universities in the Smart City innovation: Multistakeholder integration and engagement perspectives. J. Bus. Res. 119, 163\u2013171 (2020). ISSN: 0148-2963. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbusres.2018.12.010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2018.12.010"},{"key":"14_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s13132-012-0084-9","volume":"4","author":"T Bak\u0131c\u0131","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bak\u0131c\u0131, T., Almirall, E., Wareham, J.: A Smart city initiative: the case of barcelona. J. Knowl. Econ. 4, 135\u2013148 (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13132-012-0084-9","journal-title":"J. Knowl. Econ."},{"key":"14_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s13132-012-0089-4","volume":"4","author":"S Zygiaris","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zygiaris, S.: Smart city reference model: assisting planners to conceptualize the building of smart city innovation ecosystems. J. Knowl. Econ. 4, 217\u2013231 (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13132-012-0089-4","journal-title":"J. Knowl. Econ."},{"key":"14_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sharifi, A.: A typology of smart city assessment tools and indicator sets. Sustain. Cities Soc. 53,101936 (2020a). ISSN: 2210-6707. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scs.2019.101936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2019.101936"},{"key":"14_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sharifi, A.: A global dataset on tools, frameworks, and indicator sets for smart city assessment. Data in Brief. 29, 105364 (2020b). ISSN: 2352-3409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dib.2020.105364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2020.105364"},{"key":"14_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sharifi, A., Kawakubo, S., Milovidova, A.: Urban sustainability assessment tools: toward integrating smart city indicators. In: Yamagata, Y., Yang, P.P.J. (eds.) Urban Systems Design, pp. 345\u2013372. Elsevier (2020). ISBN: 9780128160558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-816055-8.00011-7","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-816055-8.00011-7"},{"key":"14_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S\u00e1ez, L., Heras-Saizarbitoria, I., Rodr\u00edguez-N\u00fa\u00f1ez, E.: Sustainable city rankings, benchmarking and indexes: looking into the black box. Sustain. Cities Soc. 53, 101938 (2020). ISSN: 2210-6707. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scs.2019.101938.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2019.101938"},{"key":"14_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang, M., Zhou, T., Wang,D.: Tracking the evolution processes of smart cities in China by assessing performance and efficiency. Technol. Soc. 63, 101353 (2020). ISSN: 0160-791X. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.techsoc.2020.101353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techsoc.2020.101353"},{"key":"14_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dall\u2019O\u2019, G., Bruni, E., Panza, A., Sarto, L., Khayatian, F.: Evaluation of cities smartness by means of indicators for small and medium cities and communities: a methodology for Northern Italy. Sustain. Cities Soc. 34, 193\u2013202 (2017). ISSN: 2210-6707. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scs.2017.06.021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2017.06.021"},{"key":"14_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fox, M.S.: The role of ontologies in publishing and analyzing city indicators. Comput. Environ. Urban Syst. 54, 266\u2013279 (2015). ISSN: 0198-9715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2015.09.009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2015.09.009"},{"key":"14_CR34","volume-title":"Smart cities and the UN SDGs","year":"2021","unstructured":"Visvizi, A., Perez del Hoyo, R. (eds.): Smart cities and the UN SDGs. Elsevier, New York (2021)"},{"key":"14_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2014.06.007","volume":"41","author":"M Angelidou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Angelidou, M.: Smart city policies: a spatial approach. Cities 41, 3\u201311 (2014)","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"14_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2015.05.004","volume":"47","author":"M Angelidou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Angelidou, M.: Smart cities: a conjuncture of four forces. Cities 47, 95\u2013106 (2015)","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"14_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khatoun, R., Zeadally. S.: Smart cities: concepts, architectures, research opportunities. Commun. ACM 59, 46\u201357 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2858789","DOI":"10.1145\/2858789"},{"key":"14_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009","volume":"60","author":"H Ahvenniemi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ahvenniemi, H., Huovila, A., Pinto-Sepp\u00e4, I., Airaksinen, M.: What are the differences between sustainable and smart cities? Cities 60, 234\u2013245 (2017)","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"14_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2017.04.010","volume":"67","author":"PKR Kummitha","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kummitha, P.K.R., Crutzen, N.: How do we understand smart cities? An evolutionary perspective. Cities 67, 43\u201352 (2017)","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"14_CR40","unstructured":"European Commission: Digital agenda for Europe: rebooting Europe\u2019s economy; directorate-general for communication (European Commission). Brussels, Belgium (2014)"},{"key":"14_CR41","unstructured":"ISO 37120: Sustainable cities and communities\u2014indicators for city services and quality of life. ISO: Geneva, Switzerland (2018)"},{"key":"14_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3390\/su10061998","volume":"2018","author":"MD Lytras","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lytras, M.D., Visvizi, A.: Who uses smart city services and what to make of it: toward interdisciplinary smart cities research. Sustainability 2018, 10 (1998). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su10061998","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"14_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102224","author":"MD Lytras","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lytras, M.D., Visvizi, A.: Information management as a dual-purpose process in the smart city: collecting, managing and utilizing information. Int. J. Inf. Manage. (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102224","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Manage."},{"key":"14_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kashef, M., Visvizi, A., Troisi, O.: Smart city as a smart service system: Human-computer interaction and smart city surveillance systems. Comput. Hum. Behav. 124, 106923 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2021.106923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2021.106923"},{"key":"14_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2018.01.053","volume":"38","author":"BN Silva","year":"2018","unstructured":"Silva, B.N., Khan, M., Han, K.: Towards sustainable smart cities: a review of trends, architectures, components, and open challenges in smart cities. Sustain. Cities Soc. 38, 697\u2013713 (2018)","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"key":"14_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.01.046","volume":"215","author":"X Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li, X., Fong, P.S., Dai, S., Li, Y.: Towards sustainable smart cities: an empirical comparative assessment and development pattern optimization in China. J. Clean. Prod. 215, 730\u2013743 (2019)","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"14_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H\u00f6jer, M., Wangel, J.: Smart sustainable cities: definition and challenges. In: ICT Innovations for Sustainability, pp. 333\u2013349. Springer, Cham (2015)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-09228-7_20"},{"key":"14_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s40309-019-0157-0","volume":"7","author":"SE Bibri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bibri, S.E., Krogstie, J.: Generating a vision for smart sustainable cities of the future: a scholarly backcasting approach. Eur. J. Futures Res. 7, 5 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40309-019-0157-0","journal-title":"Eur. J. Futures Res."},{"key":"14_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Etezadzadeh, C.: Smart City\u2013Future City?: Smart city 2.0 as a Livable City and Future Market. Springer (2015)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-658-11017-8"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"14_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1287\/serv.2.1_2.21","volume":"2","author":"S Barile","year":"2010","unstructured":"Barile, S., Polese, F.: Smart service systems and viable service systems: applying systems theory to service science. Serv. Sci. 2(1\u20132), 21\u201340 (2010)","journal-title":"Serv. Sci."},{"key":"14_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Maglio, P.P., Lim, C.H.: Innovation and big data in smart service systems. J. Innov. Manag. 4(1) (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24840\/2183-0606_004.001_0003","DOI":"10.24840\/2183-0606_004.001_0003"},{"issue":"1","key":"14_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2007.33","volume":"40","author":"J Spohrer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Spohrer, J., Maglio, P.P., Bailey, J., Gruhl, D.: Steps toward a science of service systems. Computer 40(1), 71\u201377 (2007). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MC.2007.33","journal-title":"Computer"},{"key":"14_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s11747-007-0058-9","volume":"36","author":"PP Maglio","year":"2008","unstructured":"Maglio, P.P., Spohrer, J.: Fundamentals of service science. J. Acad. Mark. Sci. 36, 18\u201320 (2008). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11747-007-0058-9","journal-title":"J. Acad. Mark. Sci."},{"key":"14_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511557675","volume-title":"Realist Social Theory: the Morphogenetic Approach","author":"M Archer","year":"1995","unstructured":"Archer, M.: Realist Social Theory: the Morphogenetic Approach. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1995)"},{"key":"14_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lombardi, P., Vanolo, A.: Smart city as a mobile technology: critical perspectives on urban development policies. In: Rodr\u00edguez-Bol\u00edvar, M. (eds.) Transforming City Governments for Successful Smart Cities. Public administration and information technology, vol. 8. Springer, Cham (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-03167-5_8","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-03167-5_8"},{"key":"14_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/9781787691391","volume-title":"The Right to the Smart City","author":"P Cardullo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cardullo, P., Di Feliciantonio, C., Kitchin, R.: The Right to the Smart City. Emerald Publishing, Bingley, UK (2019)"},{"key":"14_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cardullo, P., Kitchin, R.: Being a \u2018citizen\u2019 in the smart city: up and down the scaffold of smart citizen participation in Dublin, Ireland. GeoJournal 84, 1\u201313 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10708-018-9845-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s10708-018-9845-8"},{"issue":"2","key":"14_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bushor.2019.12.001","volume":"63","author":"JS Black","year":"2020","unstructured":"Black, J.S., van Esch, P.: AI-enabled recruiting: What is it and how should a manager use it? Bus. Horiz. 63(2), 215\u2013226 (2020)","journal-title":"Bus. Horiz."},{"issue":"2","key":"14_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1177\/1094670517752459","volume":"21","author":"MH Huang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huang, M.H., Rust, R.T.: Artificial intelligence in service. J. Serv. Res. 21(2), 155\u2013172 (2018)","journal-title":"J. Serv. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"14_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1108\/JBIM-10-2018-0295","volume":"34","author":"J Paschen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Paschen, J., Kietzmann, J., Kietzmann, T.C.: Artificial intelligence (AI) and its implications for market knowledge in B2B marketing. J. Bus. Ind. Mark. 34(7), 1410\u20132141 (2019)","journal-title":"J. Bus. Ind. Mark."},{"key":"14_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511617898","volume-title":"Mixed Method Data Collection Strategies","author":"WG Axinn","year":"2006","unstructured":"Axinn, W.G., Pearce, L.D.: Mixed Method Data Collection Strategies. Cambridge University Press (2006)"},{"issue":"1","key":"14_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1177\/1094428112452151","volume":"16","author":"D Gioia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gioia, D., Corley, K., Aimee, H.: Seeking qualitative rigor in inductive research: notes on the Gioia methodology. Organ. Res. Methods 16(1), 15\u201331 (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1094428112452151","journal-title":"Organ. Res. Methods"},{"key":"14_CR63","unstructured":"Giffinger, R., Fertner, C., Kramar, H., Meijers, E., Pichler-Milanovi\u0107, N.: Smart cities: ranking of European medium-sized cities (2007). Vienna. Available at http:\/\/www.smart-cities.eu\/download\/smart_cities_final_report.pdf"},{"key":"14_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2017.02.016","volume":"31","author":"SE Bibri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bibri, S.E., Krogstie, J.: Smart sustainable cities of the future: an extensive interdisciplinary literature review. Sustain. Cities Soc. 31, 183\u2013212 (2017)","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"key":"14_CR65","volume-title":"Creating Smart Cities","year":"2019","unstructured":"Coletta, C., Evans, L., Heaphy, L., Kitchin, R. (eds.): Creating Smart Cities. Routledge, London and New York (2019)"},{"key":"14_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"B\u00e4r, L., Ossewaarde, M., van Gerven, M.: The ideological justifications of the smart City of Hamburg. Cities. 105, 102811(2020). ISSN: 0264-2751. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cities.2020.102811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2020.102811"},{"key":"14_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lorquet, A., Pauwels, L.: Interrogating urban projections in audio-visual smart city narratives. Cities. 100, 102660(2020). ISSN: 0264-2751. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cities.2020.102660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2020.102660"}],"container-title":["Springer Proceedings in Complexity","Research and Innovation Forum 2022"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-19560-0_14","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T14:13:50Z","timestamp":1678803230000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-19560-0_14"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"ISBN":["9783031195594","9783031195600"],"references-count":67,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-19560-0_14","relation":{},"ISSN":["2213-8684","2213-8692"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2213-8684","type":"print"},{"value":"2213-8692","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 March 2023","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"RIIFORUM","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"The International Research & Innovation Forum","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Athens","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Greece","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2022","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"27 April 2022","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"29 April 2022","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"riiforum2022","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"http:\/\/rii-forum.org\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}