{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T16:47:42Z","timestamp":1750092462737,"version":"3.40.3"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":61,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783031255878"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783031255885"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":103,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Injurious loading of the joint can be accompanied by articular cartilage damage and trigger inflammation. However, it is not well-known which mechanism controls further cartilage degradation, ultimately leading to post-traumatic osteoarthritis. For personalized prognostics, there should also be a method that can predict tissue alterations following joint and cartilage injury. This chapter gives an overview of experimental and computational methods to characterize and predict cartilage degradation following joint injury. Two mechanisms for cartilage degradation are proposed. In (1) biomechanically driven cartilage degradation, it is assumed that excessive levels of strain or stress of the fibrillar or non-fibrillar matrix lead to proteoglycan loss or collagen damage and degradation. In (2) biochemically driven cartilage degradation, it is assumed that diffusion of inflammatory cytokines leads to degradation of the extracellular matrix. When implementing these two mechanisms in a computational <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic> modeling workflow, supplemented by <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> experiments, it is shown that biomechanically driven cartilage degradation is concentrated on the damage environment, while inflammation via synovial fluid affects all free cartilage surfaces. It is also proposed how the presented <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic> modeling methodology may be used in the future for personalized prognostics and treatment planning of patients with a joint injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-25588-5_3","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T08:02:51Z","timestamp":1681372971000},"page":"45-56","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Multiscale In Silico Modeling of Cartilage Injuries"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Rami K.","family":"Korhonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atte S. A.","family":"Eskelinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gustavo A.","family":"Orozco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Esrafilian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Florea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petri","family":"Tanska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"3_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110452","volume":"129","author":"MY Ansari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ansari MY, Ahmad N, Haqqi TM (2020) Oxidative stress and inflammation in osteoarthritis pathogenesis: role of polyphenols. Biomed Pharmacother 129:110452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110452","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"3_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0838.2000.010004186.x","volume":"10","author":"JPA Arokoski","year":"2000","unstructured":"Arokoski JPA, Jurvelin JS, V\u00e4\u00e4t\u00e4inen U, Helminen HJ (2000) Normal and pathological adaptations of articular cartilage to joint loading. Scand J Med Sci Sports 10:186\u2013198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1034\/j.1600-0838.2000.010004186.x","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"3_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/979032","volume":"979032","author":"DL Bader","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bader DL, Salter DM, Chowdhury TT (2011) Biomechanical influence of cartilage homeostasis in health and disease. Arthritis 979032:1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2011\/979032","journal-title":"Arthritis"},{"key":"3_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compmedimag.2019.01.007","volume":"73","author":"A Brahim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brahim A, Jennane R, Riad R et al (2019) A decision support tool for early detection of knee OsteoArthritis using X-ray imaging and machine learning: data from the OsteoArthritis initiative. Comput Med Imaging Graph 73:11\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compmedimag.2019.01.007","journal-title":"Comput Med Imaging Graph"},{"key":"3_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-013-0518-8","volume":"13","author":"MJ Brouillette","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brouillette MJ, Ramakrishnan PS, Wagner VM et al (2014) Strain-dependent oxidant release in articular cartilage originates from mitochondria. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 13:565\u2013572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10237-013-0518-8","journal-title":"Biomech Model Mechanobiol"},{"key":"3_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2020.05.005","volume":"111","author":"DR Chery","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chery DR, Han B, Li Q et al (2020) Early changes in cartilage pericellular matrix micromechanobiology portend the onset of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Acta Biomater 111:267\u2013278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actbio.2020.05.005","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"3_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2020.11.002","volume":"96","author":"DR Chery","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chery DR, Han B, Zhou Y et al (2021) Decorin regulates cartilage pericellular matrix micromechanobiology. Matrix Biol 96:1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.matbio.2020.11.002","journal-title":"Matrix Biol"},{"key":"3_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20101","volume":"50","author":"M DiMicco","year":"2004","unstructured":"DiMicco M, Patwari P, Siparsky P et al (2004) Mechanisms and kinetics of glycosaminoglycan release following in vitro cartilage injury. Arthritis Rheum 50:840\u2013848. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.20101","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"3_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2022.111181","volume":"141","author":"A Eskelinen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Eskelinen A, Florea C, Tanska P et al (2022) Cyclic loading regime considered beneficial does not protect injured and interleukin-1-inflamed cartilage from post-traumatic osteoarthritis. J Biomech 141:111181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2022.111181","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"3_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-018-01113-1","volume":"18","author":"ASA Eskelinen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Eskelinen ASA, Mononen ME, Ven\u00e4l\u00e4inen MS et al (2019) Maximum shear strain-based algorithm can predict proteoglycan loss in damaged articular cartilage. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 18:753\u2013778. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10237-018-01113-1","journal-title":"Biomech Model Mechanobiol"},{"key":"3_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1007998","volume":"16","author":"ASA Eskelinen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eskelinen ASA, Tanska P, Florea C et al (2020) Mechanobiological model for simulation of injured cartilage degradation via proinflammatory cytokines and mechanical stimulus. PLoS Comput Biol 16:1\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1007998","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Esrafilian A, Stenroth L, Mononen ME et al (2020a) 12 degrees of freedom muscle force driven fibril-reinforced poroviscoelastic finite element model of the knee joint. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 29:123\u2013133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tnsre.2020.3037411; Esrafilian A, Stenroth L, Mononen ME, Vartiainen P, Tanska P, Karjalainen PA, Suomalainen JS, Arokoski J, Saxby DJ, Lloyd DG, Korhonen RK (2022) An EMG-assisted muscle-force driven finite element analysis pipeline to investigate joint- and tissue-level mechanical responses in functional activities: towards a rapid assessment toolbox. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 69(9):2860\u20132871. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TBME.2022.3156018. Epub 2022 Aug 19.PMID: 35239473","key":"3_CR12","DOI":"10.1109\/tnsre.2020.3037411 10.1109\/TBME.2022.3156018"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Esrafilian A, Stenroth L, Mononen ME et al (2020b) EMG-assisted muscle force driven finite element model of the knee joint with fibril-reinforced poroelastic cartilages and menisci. Sci Rep 10:3026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-59602-2; Esrafilian A, Stenroth L, Mononen ME, Vartiainen P, Tanska P, Karjalainen PA, Suomalainen JS, Arokoski JPA, Saxby DJ, Lloyd DG, Korhonen RK (2022) Toward tailored rehabilitation by implementation of a novel musculoskeletal finite element analysis pipeline. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 30:789\u2013802. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TNSRE.2022.3159685. Epub 2022 Mar 31.PMID: 35286263","key":"3_CR13","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59602-2 10.1109\/TNSRE.2022.3159685"},{"key":"3_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2018.05.008","volume":"71\u201372","author":"F Guilak","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guilak F, Nims R, Dicks A et al (2018) Osteoarthritis as a disease of the cartilage pericellular matrix. Matrix Biol 71\u201372:40\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.matbio.2018.05.008","journal-title":"Matrix Biol"},{"key":"3_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1501S","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603519885005","volume":"1\u201312","author":"L Henao-Murillo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Henao-Murillo L, Pastrama MI, Ito K, van Donkelaar CC (2019) The relationship between proteoglycan loss, overloading-induced collagen damage, and cyclic loading in articular cartilage. Cartilage 1\u201312:1501S\u20131512S. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1947603519885005","journal-title":"Cartilage"},{"key":"3_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.10.010","volume":"22","author":"S Hosseini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hosseini S, Wilson W, Ito K, van Donkelaar C (2014) A numerical model to study mechanically induced initiation and progression of damage in articular cartilage. Osteoarthr Cartil 22:95\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2013.10.010","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"3_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2016.02.008","volume":"594","author":"S Kar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kar S, Smith DW, Gardiner BS et al (2016) Modeling IL-1 induced degradation of articular cartilage. Arch Biochem Biophys 594:37\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.abb.2016.02.008","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"3_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22521","volume":"32","author":"HT Kokkonen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kokkonen HT, Suomalainen JS, Joukainen A et al (2014) In vivo diagnostics of human knee cartilage lesions using delayed CBCT arthrography. J Orthop Res 32:403\u2013412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jor.22521","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"3_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000629","volume":"47","author":"J Koli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Koli J, Multanen J, Kujala UM et al (2015) Effects of exercise on patellar cartilage in women with mild knee osteoarthritis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 47:1767\u20131774. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000629","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"3_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"021003","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2898725","volume":"130","author":"RK Korhonen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Korhonen RK, Julkunen P, Wilson W, Herzog W (2008) Importance of collagen orientation and depth-dependent fixed charge densities of cartilage on mechanical behavior of chondrocytes. J Biomech Eng 130:021003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/1.2898725","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng"},{"key":"3_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(01)00033-X","volume":"19","author":"B Kurz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kurz B, Jin M, Patwari P et al (2001) Biosynthetic response and mechanical properties of articular cartilage after injurious compression. J Orthop Res 19:1140\u20131146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0736-0266(01)00033-X","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"3_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s10719-012-9421-2","volume":"29","author":"S Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li S, Cao J, Caterson B, Hughes CE (2012) Proteoglycan metabolism, cell death and Kashin-Beck disease. Glycoconj J 29:241\u2013248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10719-012-9421-2","journal-title":"Glycoconj J"},{"key":"3_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.08.021","volume":"21","author":"Y Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li Y, Frank EH, Wang Y et al (2013) Moderate dynamic compression inhibits pro-catabolic response of cartilage to mechanical injury, tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 and interleukin-6, but accentuates degradation above a strain threshold. Osteoarthr Cartil 21:1933\u20131941. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2013.08.021","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"3_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.006","volume":"23","author":"Y Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li Y, Wang Y, Chubinskaya S et al (2015) Effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 and dexamethasone on cytokine-challenged cartilage: relevance to post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Osteoarthr Cartil 23:266\u2013274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.006","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"3_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R142","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3456","volume":"13","author":"YC Lu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lu YC, Evans CH, Grodzinsky AJ (2011) Effects of short-term glucocorticoid treatment on changes in cartilage matrix degradation and chondrocyte gene expression induced by mechanical injury and inflammatory cytokines. Arthritis Res Ther 13:R142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/ar3456","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"3_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2015.06.010","volume":"48","author":"J M\u00e4kel\u00e4","year":"2015","unstructured":"M\u00e4kel\u00e4 J, Han S, Herzog W, Korhonen R (2015) Very early osteoarthritis changes sensitively fluid flow properties of articular cartilage. J Biomech 48:3369\u20133376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2015.06.010","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"3_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.04.010","volume":"22","author":"JTA M\u00e4kel\u00e4","year":"2014","unstructured":"M\u00e4kel\u00e4 JTA, Rezaeian ZS, Mikkonen S et al (2014) Site-dependent changes in structure and function of lapine articular cartilage 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection. Osteoarthr Cartil 22:869\u2013878. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2014.04.010","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"3_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780350507","volume":"35","author":"J Martel-Pelletier","year":"1992","unstructured":"Martel-Pelletier J, McCollum R, DiBattista J et al (1992) The interleukin-1 receptor in normal and osteoarthritic human articular chondrocytes. Identification as the type I receptor and analysis of binding kinetics and biologic function. Arthritis Rheum 35:530\u2013540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.1780350507","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"3_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.00545","volume":"91","author":"JA Martin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Martin JA, McCabe D, Walter M et al (2009) N-acetylcysteine inhibits post-impact chondrocyte death in osteochondral explants. J Bone Jt Surg Am 91:1890\u20131897. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.H.00545","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Am"},{"key":"3_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-018-02184-y","volume":"47","author":"M Mononen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mononen M, Liukkonen M, Korhonen R (2019) Utilizing atlas-based modeling to predict knee joint cartilage degeneration: data from the osteoarthritis initiative. Ann Biomed Eng 47:813\u2013825. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10439-018-02184-y","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"key":"3_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21415","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21415","volume":"6","author":"M Mononen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mononen M, Tanska P, Isaksson H, Korhonen R (2016) A novel method to simulate the progression of collagen degeneration of cartilage in the knee: data from the osteoarthritis initiative. Sci Rep 6:21415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep21415","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3138202","volume":"102","author":"VC Mow","year":"1980","unstructured":"Mow VC, Kuei SC, Lai WM, Armstrong CG (1980) Biphasic creep and stress relaxation of articular cartilage in compression: theory and experiments. J Biomech Eng 102:73\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/1.3138202","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng"},{"key":"3_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2016.05.007","volume":"24","author":"M Munukka","year":"2016","unstructured":"Munukka M, Waller B, Rantalainen T et al (2016) Efficacy of progressive aquatic resistance training for tibiofemoral cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis: a randomised controlled trial. Osteoarthr Cartil 24:1708\u20131717. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2016.05.007","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"3_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24273","volume":"37","author":"KAH Myller","year":"2019","unstructured":"Myller KAH, Korhonen RK, T\u00f6yr\u00e4s J et al (2019) Computational evaluation of altered biomechanics related to articular cartilage lesions observed in vivo. J Orthop Res 37:1042\u20131051. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jor.24273","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"3_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/ar630","volume":"5","author":"H Nagase","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nagase H, Kashiwagi M (2003) Aggrecanases and cartilage matrix degradation. Arthritis Res Ther 5:94\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/ar630","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"3_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109450","volume":"98","author":"SP Ojanen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ojanen SP, Finnil\u00e4 MAJ, M\u00e4kel\u00e4 JTA et al (2020) Anterior cruciate ligament transection of rabbits alters composition, structure and biomechanics of articular cartilage and chondrocyte deformation 2 weeks post-surgery in a site-specific manner. J Biomech 98:109450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109450","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"3_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25177","volume":"40","author":"GA Orozco","year":"2022","unstructured":"Orozco GA, Eskelinen ASA, Kosonen JP et al (2022) Shear strain and inflammation-induced fixed charge density loss in the knee joint cartilage following ACL injury and reconstruction: a computational study. J Orthop Res 40:1505\u20131522. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jor.25177","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"3_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33759-3","volume":"8","author":"GA Orozco","year":"2018","unstructured":"Orozco GA, Tanska P, Florea C et al (2018) A novel mechanobiological model can predict how physiologically relevant dynamic loading causes proteoglycan loss in mechanically injured articular cartilage. Sci Rep 8:1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-33759-3","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Orozco GA et al (2020) Prediction of local fixed charge density loss in cartilage following ACL injury and reconstruction: A computational proof-of-concept study with MRI follow-up. J Orthop Res 39(5):1064\u20131081. [John Wiley and Sons]","key":"3_CR39","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24797"},{"key":"3_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2003.11.004","volume":"12","author":"P Patwari","year":"2004","unstructured":"Patwari P, Gaschen V, James I et al (2004) Ultrastructural quantification of cell death after injurious compression of bovine calf articular cartilage. Osteoarthr Cartil 12:245\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2003.11.004","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"3_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23398","volume":"35","author":"V Pedoia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pedoia V, Su F, Amano K et al (2017) Analysis of the articular cartilage T1\u03c1 and T2 relaxation times changes after ACL reconstruction in injured and contralateral knees and relationships with bone shape. J Orthop Res 35:707\u2013717. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jor.23398","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"3_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2017.2683488","volume":"25","author":"C Pizzolato","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pizzolato C, Reggiani M, Saxby DJ et al (2017) Biofeedback for gait retraining based on real-time estimation of tibiofemoral joint contact forces. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 25:1612\u20131621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TNSRE.2017.2683488","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng"},{"key":"3_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-011-1305-1","volume":"41","author":"R Ramdhian-Wihlm","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ramdhian-Wihlm R, Le Minor JM, Schmittbuhl M et al (2012) Cone-beam computed tomography arthrography: an innovative modality for the evaluation of wrist ligament and cartilage injuries. Skelet Radiol 41:963\u2013969. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00256-011-1305-1","journal-title":"Skelet Radiol"},{"key":"3_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2018.04.004","volume":"68","author":"R Riad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Riad R, Jennane R, Brahim A et al (2018) Texture analysis using complex wavelet decomposition for knee osteoarthritis detection: data from the osteoarthritis initiative. Comput Electr Eng 68:181\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2018.04.004","journal-title":"Comput Electr Eng"},{"key":"3_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100070502","volume":"7","author":"R Sah","year":"1989","unstructured":"Sah R, Kim Y, Doong J et al (1989) Biosynthetic response of cartilage explants to dynamic compression. J Orthop Res 7:619\u2013636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jor.1100070502","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"3_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/S1063-4584(03)00007-4","volume":"11","author":"K Sauerland","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sauerland K, Raiss R, Steinmeyer J (2003) Proteoglycan metabolism and viability of articular cartilage explants as modulated by the frequency of intermittent loading. Osteoarthr Cartil 11:343\u2013350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1063-4584(03)00007-4","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"3_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kei197","volume":"45","author":"BB Seedhom","year":"2006","unstructured":"Seedhom BB (2006) Conditioning of cartilage during normal activities is an important factor in the development of osteoarthritis. Rheumatology 45:146\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/kei197","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"3_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3121397","volume":"45","author":"BR Simon","year":"1992","unstructured":"Simon BR (1992) Multiphase poroelastic finite element models for soft tissue structures. ASME Appl Mech Rev 45:191\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/1.3121397","journal-title":"ASME Appl Mech Rev"},{"key":"3_CR49","first-page":"S89","volume":"427","author":"RL Smith","year":"2004","unstructured":"Smith RL, Carter DR, Schurman DJ (2004) Pressure and shear differentially alter human articular chondrocyte metabolism: a review. Clin Orthop Relat Res 427:S89\u2013S95","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Son KM, Hong JI, Kim D et al (2020) Absence of pain in subjects with advanced radiographic knee osteoarthritis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 21:640","key":"3_CR50","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-03647-x"},{"key":"3_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22348","volume":"31","author":"JA Stolberg-Stolberg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stolberg-Stolberg JA, Furman BD, William Garrigues N et al (2013) Effects of cartilage impact with and without fracture on chondrocyte viability and the release of inflammatory markers. J Orthop Res 31:1283\u20131292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jor.22348","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"3_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.05.010","volume":"21","author":"F Su","year":"2013","unstructured":"Su F, Hilton JF, Nardo L et al (2013) Cartilage morphology and T1\u03c1 and T2 quantification in ACL-reconstructed knees: a 2-year follow-up. Osteoarthr Cartil 21:1058\u20131067. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2013.05.010","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"3_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2985","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24857","volume":"60","author":"Y Sui","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sui Y, Lee JH, DiMicco MA et al (2009) Mechanical injury potentiates proteoglycan catabolism induced by interleukin-6 with soluble interleukin-6 receptor and tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 in immature bovine and adult human articular cartilage. Arthritis Rheum 60:2985\u20132996. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.24857","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"3_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.1998.0207","volume":"7","author":"K Takahashi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Takahashi K, Goomer RS, Harwood F et al (1999) The effects of hyaluronan on matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP- 1) gene expression during the development of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthr Cartil 7:182\u2013190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/joca.1998.0207","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"3_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-017-0986-3","volume":"17","author":"P Tanska","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tanska P, Julkunen P, Korhonen R (2018) A computational algorithm to simulate disorganization of collagen network in injured articular cartilage. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 17:689\u2013699. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10237-017-0986-3","journal-title":"Biomech Model Mechanobiol"},{"key":"3_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20038","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56527-3","volume":"9","author":"A Tiulpin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tiulpin A, Klein S, Bierma-Zeinstra SMA et al (2019) Multimodal machine learning-based knee osteoarthritis progression prediction from plain radiographs and clinical data. Sci Rep 9:20038. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-56527-3","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37538","DOI":"10.1038\/srep37538","volume":"6","author":"M Ven\u00e4l\u00e4inen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ven\u00e4l\u00e4inen M, Mononen M, Salo J et al (2016) Quantitative evaluation of the mechanical risks caused by focal cartilage defects in the knee. Sci Rep 6:37538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep37538","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1186\/ar401","volume":"4","author":"M Vincenti","year":"2002","unstructured":"Vincenti M, Brinckerhoff C (2002) Transcriptional regulation of collagenase (MMP-1, MMP-13) genes in arthritis: integration of complex signaling pathways for the recruitment of gene-specific transcription factors. Arthritis Res 4:157\u2013164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/ar401","journal-title":"Arthritis Res"},{"key":"3_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-19470-3","volume":"8","author":"K Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang K, Kim HA, Felson DT et al (2018) Radiographic knee osteoarthritis and knee pain: cross-sectional study from five different racial\/ethnic populations. Sci Rep 8:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-19470-3","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.07.003","volume":"38","author":"W Wilson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wilson W, Van Donkelaar CC, Van Rietbergen B, Huiskes R (2005) A fibril-reinforced poroviscoelastic swelling model for articular cartilage. J Biomech 38:1195\u20131204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.07.003","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"3_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107905","volume":"99","author":"R Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao R, Dong Z, Wei X et al (2021) Inflammatory factors are crucial for the pathogenesis of post-traumatic osteoarthritis confirmed by a novel porcine model: \u201cidealized\u201d anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and gait analysis. Int Immunopharmacol 99:107905. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107905","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"}],"container-title":["Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology","Electromechanobiology of Cartilage and Osteoarthritis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-25588-5_3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T08:03:50Z","timestamp":1681373030000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-25588-5_3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"ISBN":["9783031255878","9783031255885"],"references-count":61,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-25588-5_3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0065-2598","2214-8019"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0065-2598"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2214-8019"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 April 2023","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}