{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T12:37:54Z","timestamp":1772627874496,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783031282430","type":"print"},{"value":"9783031282447","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-28244-7_39","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T17:03:18Z","timestamp":1678986198000},"page":"622-635","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Investigating Conversational Agent Action in\u00a0Legal Case Retrieval"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Bulou","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yiran","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yueyue","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yiqun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chenliang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shaoping","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Weixing","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"39_CR1","first-page":"797","volume":"10","author":"OB Arewa","year":"2006","unstructured":"Arewa, O.B.: Open access in a closed universe: Lexis, Westlaw, law schools, and the legal information market. Lewis Clark L. Rev. 10, 797 (2006)","journal-title":"Lewis Clark L. Rev."},{"key":"39_CR2","unstructured":"Azzopardi, L., Dubiel, M., Halvey, M., Dalton, J.: Conceptualizing agent-human interactions during the conversational search process. In: The Second International Workshop on Conversational Approaches to Information Retrieval (2018)"},{"issue":"2","key":"39_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2070719.2070722","volume":"1","author":"G Buscher","year":"2012","unstructured":"Buscher, G., Dengel, A., Biedert, R., Elst, L.V.: Attentive documents: eye tracking as implicit feedback for information retrieval and beyond. ACM Trans. Interact. Intell. Syst. (TiiS) 1(2), 1\u201330 (2012)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Interact. Intell. Syst. (TiiS)"},{"issue":"1","key":"39_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2003.10.021","volume":"47","author":"A Cuevas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cuevas, A., Febrero, M., Fraiman, R.: An anova test for functional data. Comput. Statist. Data Anal. 47(1), 111\u2013122 (2004)","journal-title":"Comput. Statist. Data Anal."},{"key":"39_CR5","unstructured":"Devlin, J., Chang, M.W., Lee, K., Toutanova, K.: BERT: pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.04805 (2018)"},{"key":"39_CR6","unstructured":"Ferrer, A.S., Hern\u00e1ndez, C.F., Boulat, P.: Legal search: foundations, evolution and next challenges. the Wolters kKuwer experience. Revista Democracia Digital e Governo Eletr\u00f4nico 1(10), 120\u2013132 (2014)"},{"issue":"5","key":"39_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1037\/h0031619","volume":"76","author":"JL Fleiss","year":"1971","unstructured":"Fleiss, J.L.: Measuring nominal scale agreement among many raters. Psychol. Bull. 76(5), 378 (1971)","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"39_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, B., et al.: Conversational vs traditional: comparing search behavior and outcome in legal case retrieval. In: Proceedings of the 44th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, pp. 1622\u20131626 (2021)","DOI":"10.1145\/3404835.3463064"},{"issue":"5","key":"39_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2022.103051","volume":"59","author":"B Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu, B., et al.: Query generation and buffer mechanism: Towards a better conversational agent for legal case retrieval. Inf. Process. Manage. 59(5), 103051 (2022)","journal-title":"Inf. Process. Manage."},{"key":"39_CR10","unstructured":"Liu, Y., et al.: RoBERTa: a robustly optimized BERT pretraining approach. arXiv preprint arXiv:1907.11692 (2019)"},{"key":"39_CR11","unstructured":"Ma, Y., Shao, Y., Liu, B., Liu, Y., Zhang, M., Ma, S.: Retrieving legal cases from a large-scale candidate corpus. In: Proceedings of the Eighth International Competition on Legal Information Extraction\/Entailment, COLIEE2021 (2021)"},{"issue":"4","key":"39_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3223045","volume":"36","author":"J Mao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mao, J., Liu, Y., Kando, N., Zhang, M., Ma, S.: How does domain expertise affect users\u2019 search interaction and outcome in exploratory search? ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. (TOIS) 36(4), 1\u201330 (2018)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. (TOIS)"},{"key":"39_CR13","unstructured":"Mason, L., Baxter, J., Bartlett, P., Frean, M.: Boosting algorithms as gradient descent. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 12 (1999)"},{"key":"39_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McGinnis, J.O., Pearce, R.G.: The great disruption: how machine intelligence will transform the role of lawyers in the delivery of legal services. Actual Probs. Econ. L. 82, 1230 (2019)","DOI":"10.21202\/1993-047X.13.2019.2.1230-1250"},{"key":"39_CR15","unstructured":"McGinnis, J.O., Wasick, S.: Law\u2019s algorithm. Fla. L. Rev. 66, 991 (2014)"},{"key":"39_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, B., et al.: Composite task-completion dialogue policy learning via hierarchical deep reinforcement learning. arXiv preprint arXiv:1704.03084 (2017)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D17-1237"},{"issue":"1","key":"39_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1519\/0744-0049(1990)012<0036:TTT>2.3.CO;2","volume":"12","author":"D Semenick","year":"1990","unstructured":"Semenick, D.: Tests and measurements: the t-test. Strength Condition. J. 12(1), 36\u201337 (1990)","journal-title":"Strength Condition. J."},{"key":"39_CR18","unstructured":"Shao, Y., Liu, B., Mao, J., Liu, Y., Zhang, M., Ma, S.: Thuir@ coliee-2020: leveraging semantic understanding and exact matching for legal case retrieval and entailment. arXiv preprint arXiv:2012.13102 (2020)"},{"key":"39_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shao, Y., Wu, Y., Liu, Y., Mao, J., Zhang, M., Ma, S.: Investigating user behavior in legal case retrieval. In: Proceedings of the 44th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, pp. 962\u2013972 (2021)","DOI":"10.1145\/3404835.3462876"},{"key":"39_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vtyurina, A., Savenkov, D., Agichtein, E., Clarke, C.L.: Exploring conversational search with humans, assistants, and wizards. In: Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 2187\u20132193 (2017)","DOI":"10.1145\/3027063.3053175"},{"key":"39_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, H., Peng, B., Wong, K.F.: Learning efficient dialogue policy from demonstrations through shaping. In: Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 6355\u20136365 (2020)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.566"},{"key":"39_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Z., Ai, Q.: Controlling the risk of conversational search via reinforcement learning. In: Proceedings of the Web Conference 2021, pp. 1968\u20131977 (2021)","DOI":"10.1145\/3442381.3449893"},{"key":"39_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"White, R.W., Dumais, S.T., Teevan, J.: Characterizing the influence of domain expertise on web search behavior. In: Proceedings of the second ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining, pp. 132\u2013141 (2009)","DOI":"10.1145\/1498759.1498819"},{"key":"39_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aiopen.2021.06.003","volume":"2","author":"C Xiao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xiao, C., Hu, X., Liu, Z., Tu, C., Sun, M.: Lawformer: a pre-trained language model for Chinese legal long documents. AI Open 2, 79\u201384 (2021)","journal-title":"AI Open"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Advances in Information Retrieval"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-28244-7_39","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T13:43:30Z","timestamp":1709646210000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-28244-7_39"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"ISBN":["9783031282430","9783031282447"],"references-count":24,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-28244-7_39","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 March 2023","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"ECIR","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"European Conference on Information Retrieval","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Dublin","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Ireland","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2023","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2 April 2023","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"6 April 2023","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"45","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"ecir2023","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/ecir2023.org\/index.html?v=1.0","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Double-blind","order":1,"name":"type","label":"Type","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"EasyChair","order":2,"name":"conference_management_system","label":"Conference Management System","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"489","order":3,"name":"number_of_submissions_sent_for_review","label":"Number of Submissions Sent for Review","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"77","order":4,"name":"number_of_full_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Full Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"83","order":5,"name":"number_of_short_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Short Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"16% - The value is computed by the equation \"Number of Full Papers Accepted \/ Number of Submissions Sent for Review * 100\" and then rounded to a whole number.","order":6,"name":"acceptance_rate_of_full_papers","label":"Acceptance Rate of Full Papers","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3","order":7,"name":"average_number_of_reviews_per_paper","label":"Average Number of Reviews per Paper","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3","order":8,"name":"average_number_of_papers_per_reviewer","label":"Average Number of Papers per Reviewer","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"No","order":9,"name":"external_reviewers_involved","label":"External Reviewers Involved","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}}]}}