{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T21:57:11Z","timestamp":1766267831928,"version":"3.40.3"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783031306747"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783031306754"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-30675-4_35","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T10:02:24Z","timestamp":1681466544000},"page":"487-496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Speculation and\u00a0Negation Scope Resolution via\u00a0Machine Reading Comprehension Formulation with\u00a0Data Augmentation"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Zhong","family":"Qian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tiening","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Peifeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Qiaoming","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Guodong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"35_CR1","unstructured":"Apostolova, E., Tomuro, N., Demner-Fushman, D.: Automatic extraction of lexico-syntactic patterns for detection of negation and speculation scopes. In: ACL 2011, pp. 283\u2013287 (2011)"},{"key":"35_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, H., Xia, R., Yu, J.: Reinforced counterfactual data augmentation for dual sentiment classification. In: EMNLP 2021, pp. 269\u2013278 (2021)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.emnlp-main.24"},{"key":"35_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, S., Aguilar, G., Neves, L., Solorio, T.: Data augmentation for cross-domain named entity recognition. In: EMNLP 2021, pp. 5346\u20135356 (2021)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.emnlp-main.434"},{"key":"35_CR4","unstructured":"Devlin, J., Chang, M., Lee, K., Toutanova, K.: BERT: pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. In: NAACL, pp. 4171\u20134186 (2019)"},{"key":"35_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Du, X., Cardie, C.: Event extraction by answering (almost) natural questions. In: EMNLP 2020, pp. 671\u2013683 (2020)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.emnlp-main.49"},{"key":"35_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fancellu, F., Lopez, A., Webber, B.L.: Neural networks for negation scope detection. In: ACL 2016 (2016)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P16-1047"},{"key":"35_CR7","unstructured":"Farkas, R., Vincze, V., M\u00f3ra, G., Csirik, J., Szarvas, G.: The CoNLL-2010 shared task: Learning to detect hedges and their scope in natural language text. In: CoNLL 2010, pp. 1\u201312 (2010)"},{"key":"35_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., Sun, J.: Deep residual learning for image recognition. In: Proceedings of CVPR 2016, pp. 770\u2013778 (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"35_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsu, T., Chen, C., Huang, H., Chen, H.: Semantics-preserved data augmentation for aspect-based sentiment analysis. In: EMNLP 2021, pp. 4417\u20134422 (2021)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.emnlp-main.362"},{"key":"35_CR10","unstructured":"Konstantinova, N., de Sousa, S.C.M., D\u00edaz, N.P.C., L\u00f3pez, M.J.M., Taboada, M., Mitkov, R.: A review corpus annotated for negation, speculation and their scope. In: LREC 2012, pp. 3190\u20133195 (2012)"},{"key":"35_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, H., Lu, W.: Learning with structured representations for negation scope extraction. In: ACL 2018, pp. 533\u2013539 (2018)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P18-2085"},{"key":"35_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, X., Feng, J., Meng, Y., Han, Q., Wu, F., Li, J.: A unified MRC framework for named entity recognition. In: ACL 2020, pp. 5849\u20135859 (2020)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.519"},{"key":"35_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, X., et al.: Entity-relation extraction as multi-turn question answering. In: ACL 2019, pp. 1340\u20131350 (2019)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P19-1129"},{"key":"35_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, J., Chen, Y., Liu, K., Bi, W., Liu, X.: Event extraction as machine reading comprehension. In: EMNLP 2020, pp. 1641\u20131651 (2020)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.emnlp-main.128"},{"key":"35_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, J., Chen, Y., Xu, J.: Machine reading comprehension as data augmentation: a case study on implicit event argument extraction. In: EMNLP, pp. 2716\u20132725 (2021)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.emnlp-main.214"},{"key":"35_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mao, Y., Shen, Y., Yu, C., Cai, L.: A joint training dual-mrc framework for aspect based sentiment analysis. In: AAAI 2021, pp. 13543\u201313551 (2021)","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v35i15.17597"},{"key":"35_CR17","unstructured":"Morante, R., Blanco, E.: *SEM 2012 shared task: Resolving the scope and focus of negation. In: *SEM 2012, pp. 265\u2013274 (2012)"},{"key":"35_CR18","unstructured":"\u00d8vrelid, L., Velldal, E., Oepen, S.: Syntactic scope resolution in uncertainty analysis. In: COLING 2010. pp. 1379\u20131387 (2010)"},{"key":"35_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00d6zg\u00fcr, A., Radev, D.R.: Detecting speculations and their scopes in scientific text. In: EMNLP 2009, pp. 1398\u20131407 (2009)","DOI":"10.3115\/1699648.1699686"},{"key":"35_CR20","unstructured":"Qian, Z., Li, P., Zhou, G., Zhu, Q.: Speculation and negation scope detection via bidirectional lstm neural networks. J. Software 29(8) (2018)"},{"key":"35_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qian, Z., Li, P., Zhu, Q., Zhou, G., Luo, Z., Luo, W.: Speculation and negation scope detection via convolutional neural networks. In: EMNLP, pp. 815\u2013825 (2016)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D16-1078"},{"key":"35_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vincze, V., Szarvas, G., Farkas, R., M\u00f3ra, G., Csirik, J.: The bioscope corpus: biomedical texts annotated for uncertainty, negation and their scopes. BMC Bioinform. 9(S-11) (2008)","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-9-S11-S9"},{"key":"35_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, J.W., Zou, K.: EDA: easy data augmentation techniques for boosting performance on text classification tasks. In: EMNLP 2019, pp. 6381\u20136387 (2019)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D19-1670"},{"key":"35_CR24","unstructured":"Yu, A.W., et al.: Qanet: combining local convolution with global self-attention for reading comprehension. In: ICLR 2018 (2018)"},{"key":"35_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, Y., Bethard, S.: How does Bert\u2019s attention change when you fine-tune? an analysis methodology and a case study in negation scope. In: ACL 2020, pp. 4729\u20134747 (2020)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.429"},{"key":"35_CR26","unstructured":"Zhu, Q., Li, J., Wang, H., Zhou, G.: A unified framework for scope learning via simplified shallow semantic parsing. In: EMNLP 2010. pp. 714\u2013724 (2010)"},{"key":"35_CR27","unstructured":"Zou, B., Zhou, G., Zhu, Q.: Tree kernel-based negation and speculation scope detection with structured syntactic parse features. In: EMNLP, pp. 968\u2013976 (2013)"},{"key":"35_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zou, B., Zhu, Q., Zhou, G.: Negation and speculation identification in Chinese language. In: ACL 2015, pp. 656\u2013665 (2015)","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/P15-1064"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Database Systems for Advanced Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-30675-4_35","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T08:46:59Z","timestamp":1729241219000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-30675-4_35"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"ISBN":["9783031306747","9783031306754"],"references-count":28,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-30675-4_35","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0302-9743"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1611-3349"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 April 2023","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"DASFAA","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Database Systems for Advanced Applications","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Tianjin","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"China","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2023","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"17 April 2023","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"20 April 2023","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"28","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"dasfaa2023","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"http:\/\/www.tjudb.cn\/dasfaa2023\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Double-blind","order":1,"name":"type","label":"Type","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"Microsoft CMT","order":2,"name":"conference_management_system","label":"Conference Management System","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"652","order":3,"name":"number_of_submissions_sent_for_review","label":"Number of Submissions Sent for Review","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"125","order":4,"name":"number_of_full_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Full Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"66","order":5,"name":"number_of_short_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Short Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"19% - The value is computed by the equation \"Number of Full Papers Accepted \/ Number of Submissions Sent for Review * 100\" and then rounded to a whole number.","order":6,"name":"acceptance_rate_of_full_papers","label":"Acceptance Rate of Full Papers","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3","order":7,"name":"average_number_of_reviews_per_paper","label":"Average Number of Reviews per Paper","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"7.3","order":8,"name":"average_number_of_papers_per_reviewer","label":"Average Number of Papers per Reviewer","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"No","order":9,"name":"external_reviewers_involved","label":"External Reviewers Involved","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}}]}}