{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T18:18:30Z","timestamp":1767896310678,"version":"3.49.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783031311826","type":"print"},{"value":"9783031311833","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-31183-3_4","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]],"date-time":"2023-04-29T09:02:29Z","timestamp":1682758949000},"page":"40-57","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Spread of Perturbations in Supply Chain Networks: The Effect of the Bow-Tie Organization on the Resilience of the Global Automotive System"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1726-2245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Flori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3221-1251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4269-4496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Paterlini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6302-7900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Pattarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5991-5470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Villani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.74.47","volume":"74","author":"R Albert","year":"2002","unstructured":"Albert, R., Barab\u00e1si, A.L.: Statistical mechanics of complex networks. Rev. Mod. Phys. 74(1), 47 (2002)","journal-title":"Rev. Mod. Phys."},{"key":"4_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1038\/35019019","volume":"406","author":"R Albert","year":"2000","unstructured":"Albert, R., Jeong, H., Barab\u00e1si, A.L.: Error and attack tolerance of complex networks. Nature 406, 378\u2013382 (2000)","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4_CR3","series-title":"LNCS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-77004-6_2","volume-title":"WAW 2007","author":"K Avrachenkov","year":"2007","unstructured":"Avrachenkov, K., Litvak, N., Pham, K.S.: Distribution of PageRank mass among principle components of the web. In: Bonato, A., Chung, F.R.K. (eds.) WAW 2007. LNCS, vol. 4863, pp. 16\u201328. Springer, Heidelberg (2007). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-77004-6_2"},{"key":"4_CR4","unstructured":"Barab\u00e1si, A.L.: Network Science, pp. 73\u201382. Cambridge University Press (2017)"},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2020.04.040","volume":"287","author":"G Behzadi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Behzadi, G., O\u2019Sullivan, M.J., Olsen, T.L.: On metrics for supply chain resilience. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 287(1), 145\u2013158 (2020)","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oper. Res."},{"key":"4_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2020.120447","volume":"163","author":"A Belhadi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Belhadi, A., Kamble, S., Jabbour, C.J.C., Gunasekaran, A., Ndubisi, N.O., Venkatesh, M.: Manufacturing and service supply chain resilience to the COVID-19 outbreak lessons learned from the automobile and airline industries. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. 163, 120447 (2021)","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang."},{"issue":"6","key":"4_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jom.2014.06.004","volume":"32","author":"MA Bellamy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bellamy, M.A., Ghosh, S., Hora, H.: The influence of supply network structure on firm innovation. J. Oper. Manag. 32(6), 357\u2013373 (2014)","journal-title":"J. Oper. Manag."},{"issue":"1\u20136","key":"4_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-1286(00)00083-9","volume":"33","author":"A Broder","year":"2000","unstructured":"Broder, A., et al.: Graph structure in the web. Comput. Netw. 33(1\u20136), 309\u2013320 (2000)","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"4_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08932","volume":"464","author":"SV Buldyrev","year":"2010","unstructured":"Buldyrev, S.V., Parshani, R., Paul, G., Stanley, H.E., Havlin, S.: Catastrophic cascade of failures in interdependent networks. Nature 464, 1025\u20131028 (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature08932","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"4_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1137\/070710111","volume":"51","author":"A Clauset","year":"2009","unstructured":"Clauset, A., Shalizi, C.R., Newman, M.E.J.: Power-law distributions in empirical data. SIAM Rev. 51(4), 661\u2013670 (2009)","journal-title":"SIAM Rev."},{"key":"4_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen, R., Erez, K., ben-Avraham, D., Havlin, S.: Resilience of the internet to random breakdowns. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85(21), 4626\u20134628 (2000)","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.85.4626"},{"issue":"6","key":"4_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X1604400615","volume":"44","author":"MD Culwick","year":"2016","unstructured":"Culwick, M.D., Merry, A.F., Clarke, D.M., Taraporewalla, K.J., Gibbs, N.M.: Bow-tie diagrams for risk management in anaesthesia. Anaesthesia Intens. Care 44(6), 712\u2013718 (2016)","journal-title":"Anaesthesia Intens. Care"},{"key":"4_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7003265","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7003265","volume":"2022","author":"Q Dong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dong, Q., Yu, E.Y., Li, W.J.: A network sampling strategy inspired by epidemic spreading. Secur. Commun. Netw. 2022, 7003265 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/7003265","journal-title":"Secur. Commun. Netw."},{"issue":"1524","key":"4_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2008.0219","volume":"364","author":"JA Dunne","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dunne, J.A., Williams, R.J.: Cascading extinctions and community collapse in model food webs. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. B: Biol. Sci. 364(1524), 1711\u20131723 (2009)","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. B: Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"23","key":"4_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5330","DOI":"10.1021\/es0344819","volume":"37","author":"J Fiksel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fiksel, J.: Designing resilient, sustainable systems. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37(23), 5330\u20135339 (2003)","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"4_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004055","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004055","volume":"11","author":"T Friedlander","year":"2015","unstructured":"Friedlander, T., Mayo, A.E., Tlusty, T., Alon, U.: Evolution of bow-tie architectures in biology. PLoS Comput. Biol. 11(3), e1004055 (2015)","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s41109-019-0127-2","volume":"4","author":"Y Fujita","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fujita, Y., Kichikawa, Y., Fujiwara, Y., Souma, W., Iyetomi, H.: Local bow-tie structure of the web. Appl. Netw. Sci. 4(1), 1\u201315 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41109-019-0127-2","journal-title":"Appl. Netw. Sci."},{"key":"4_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16948","volume":"530","author":"J Gao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gao, J., Barzel, B., Barabasi, A.L.: Universal resilience patterns in complex networks. Nature 530, 307\u2013312 (2016)","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"179","key":"4_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20210069","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2021.0069","volume":"18","author":"G Ghosh Roy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ghosh Roy, G., He, S., Geard, N., Verspoor, K.: Bow-tie architecture of gene regulatory networks in species of varying complexity. J. R. Soc. Interface 18(179), 20210069 (2021)","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"key":"4_CR20","unstructured":"Gillespie, C.S.: The poweRlaw package: comparing distributions (2020). https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/poweRlaw\/index.html"},{"issue":"4","key":"4_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1108\/01443571311307343","volume":"33","author":"EJS Hearnshaw","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hearnshaw, E.J.S., Wilson, M.M.J.: A complex network approach to supply chain theory. Int. J. Oper. Prod. Manag. 33(4), 442\u2013469 (2013)","journal-title":"Int. J. Oper. Prod. Manag."},{"key":"4_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-019-0351-x","volume":"2","author":"H Inoue","year":"2019","unstructured":"Inoue, H., Todo, Y.: Firm-level propagation of shocks through supply-chain networks. Nat. Sustain. 2, 841\u2013847 (2019)","journal-title":"Nat. Sustain."},{"issue":"10","key":"4_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2904","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2020.1750727","volume":"58","author":"D Ivanov","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ivanov, D., Dolgui, A.: Viability of intertwined supply networks: extending the supply chain resilience angles towards survivability. A position paper motivated by COVID-19 outbreak. Int. J. Prod. Res. 58(10), 2904\u20132915 (2020)","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"4_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jom.2010.11.001","volume":"29","author":"Y Kim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kim, Y., Choi, T.Y., Yan, T., Dooley, K.: Structural investigation of supply networks: a social network analysis approach. J. Oper. Manag. 29, 194\u2013211 (2011)","journal-title":"J. Oper. Manag."},{"issue":"2","key":"4_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/prs.11901","volume":"37","author":"MVP Muniz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Muniz, M.V.P., Lima, G.B.A., Caiado, R.G.G., Quelhas, O.L.G.: Bow tie to improve risk management of natural gas pipelines. Process Saf. Prog. 37(2), 169\u2013175 (2018)","journal-title":"Process Saf. Prog."},{"key":"4_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198805090.001.0001","volume-title":"Networks","author":"M Newman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Newman, M.: Networks. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2018)"},{"key":"4_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techsoc.2021.101847","volume":"68","author":"D Ozdemir","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ozdemir, D., Sharma, M., Dhir, A., Daim, T.: Supply chain resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Technol. Soc. 68, 101847 (2022)","journal-title":"Technol. Soc."},{"key":"4_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3200","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.86.3200","volume":"86","author":"R Pastor-Satorras","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pastor-Satorras, R., Vespignani, A.: Epidemic spreading in scale-free networks. Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3200\u20133203 (2001)","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"4_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2007.01.012","volume":"246","author":"R Serra","year":"2007","unstructured":"Serra, R., Villani, M., Graudenzi, A., Kauffman, S.A.: Why a simple model of genetic regulatory networks describes the distribution of avalanches in gene expression data. J. Theor. Biol. 246(3), 449\u2013460 (2007)","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2003.10.018","volume":"227","author":"R Serra","year":"2004","unstructured":"Serra, R., Villani, M., Semeria, A.: Genetic network models and statistical properties of gene expression data in knock-out experiments. J. Theor. Biol. 227(1), 149\u2013157 (2004)","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol."},{"key":"4_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shai, P., Porter, M.A., Pascual, M., Kefi, S.: The multilayer nature of ecological networks. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 1(4), 0101 (2017)","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-017-0101"},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2811","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21133-2","volume":"8","author":"P Sheridan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sheridan, P., Onodera, T.: A preferential attachment paradox: how does preferential attachment combine with growth to produce networks with log-normal in-degree distributions? Scientific Rep. 8(1), 2811 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-21133-2","journal-title":"Scientific Rep."},{"issue":"6825","key":"4_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1038\/35065725","volume":"410","author":"SH Strogatz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Strogatz, S.H.: Exploring complex networks. Nature 410(6825), 268\u2013276 (2001)","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4_CR34","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30216-2_7","volume-title":"Algorithms and Models for the Web-Graph. WAW 2004","author":"VB Tawde","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tawde, V.B., Oates, T., Glover, E.: Generating web graphs with embedded communities. In: Leonardi, S. (ed.) WAW 2004. LNCS, vol. 3243, pp. 80\u201391. Springer, Heidelberg (2004). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-30216-2_7"},{"issue":"1","key":"4_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4682-7-32","volume":"7","author":"P Tieri","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tieri, P., et al.: Network, degeneracy and bow tie. Integrating paradigms and architectures to grasp the complexity of the immune system. Theor. Biol. Med. Modell. 7(1), 1\u201316 (2010)","journal-title":"Theor. Biol. Med. Modell."},{"issue":"7","key":"4_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"078301","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.118.078301","volume":"118","author":"G Tim\u00e1r","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tim\u00e1r, G., Goltsev, A.V., Dorogovtsev, S.N., Mendes, J.F.: Mapping the structure of directed networks: beyond the bow-tie diagram. Phys. Rev. Lett. 118(7), 078301 (2017)","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"4_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5980636","volume":"2018","author":"M Villani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Villani, M., La Rocca, L., Kauffman, S.A., Serra, R.: Dynamical criticality in gene regulatory networks. Complexity 2018, 1\u201314 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/5980636","journal-title":"Complexity"},{"issue":"9","key":"4_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5766","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.082090499","volume":"99","author":"DJ Watts","year":"2002","unstructured":"Watts, D.J.: A simple model of global cascades on random networks. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 99(9), 5766\u20135771 (2002)","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"4_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"N6365","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan318","volume":"358","author":"Y Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang, Y., Nishikawa, T., Motter, A.E.: Small vulnerable sets determine large network cascades in power grids. Science 358, N6365 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aan318","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2412","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3412","volume":"4","author":"JH Zhao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhao, J.H., Zhou, H.J., Liu, Y.Y.: Inducing effect on the percolation transition in complex networks. Nat. Commun. 4, 2412 (2013)","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."}],"container-title":["Communications in Computer and Information Science","Artificial Life and Evolutionary Computation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-31183-3_4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T06:05:23Z","timestamp":1699423523000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-31183-3_4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"ISBN":["9783031311826","9783031311833"],"references-count":40,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-31183-3_4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-0929","1865-0937"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-0929","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-0937","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 April 2023","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"WIVACE","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Italian Workshop on Artificial Life and Evolutionary Computation","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Gaeta","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Italy","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2022","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"14 September 2022","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"16 September 2022","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"16","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"wivace2022","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"http:\/\/wivace2022.unicas.it\/index.html","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Single-blind","order":1,"name":"type","label":"Type","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"Easychair","order":2,"name":"conference_management_system","label":"Conference Management System","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"45","order":3,"name":"number_of_submissions_sent_for_review","label":"Number of Submissions Sent for Review","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"21","order":4,"name":"number_of_full_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Full Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3","order":5,"name":"number_of_short_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Short Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"47% - The value is computed by the equation \"Number of Full Papers Accepted \/ Number of Submissions Sent for Review * 100\" and then rounded to a whole number.","order":6,"name":"acceptance_rate_of_full_papers","label":"Acceptance Rate of Full Papers","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3","order":7,"name":"average_number_of_reviews_per_paper","label":"Average Number of Reviews per Paper","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"2","order":8,"name":"average_number_of_papers_per_reviewer","label":"Average Number of Papers per Reviewer","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"Yes","order":9,"name":"external_reviewers_involved","label":"External Reviewers Involved","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}}]}}