{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T16:36:44Z","timestamp":1768840604335,"version":"3.49.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783031328824","type":"print"},{"value":"9783031328831","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-32883-1_44","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,21]],"date-time":"2023-05-21T23:03:16Z","timestamp":1684710196000},"page":"491-503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Distraction Detection and Monitoring Using Eye Tracking in Virtual Reality"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Zarour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamdi","family":"Ben Abdessalem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claude","family":"Frasson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"44_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15583","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0903620106","volume":"106","author":"E Ophir","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ophir, E., Nass, C., Wagner, A.D.: Cognitive control in media multitaskers. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106, 15583\u201315587 (2009). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0903620106","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"44_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1504\/IJLT.2009.028804","volume":"4","author":"B Woolf","year":"2009","unstructured":"Woolf, B., Burleson, W., Arroyo, I., Dragon, T., Cooper, D., Picard, R.: Affect-aware tutors: recognising and responding to student affect. IJLT. 4, 129 (2009). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1504\/IJLT.2009.028804","journal-title":"IJLT."},{"key":"44_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.3758\/CABN.4.3.294","volume":"4","author":"T Sharot","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sharot, T., Phelps, E.A.: How arousal modulates memory: Disentangling the effects of attention and retention. Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci. 4, 294\u2013306 (2004). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/CABN.4.3.294","journal-title":"Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"44_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2012.10.003","volume":"62","author":"F Sana","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sana, F., Weston, T., Cepeda, N.J.: Laptop multitasking hinders classroom learning for both users and nearby peers. Comput. Educ. 62, 24\u201331 (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2012.10.003","journal-title":"Comput. Educ."},{"key":"44_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2010.07.004","volume":"21","author":"I Roll","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roll, I., Aleven, V., McLaren, B.M., Koedinger, K.R.: Improving students\u2019 help-seeking skills using metacognitive feedback in an intelligent tutoring system. Learn. Instr. 21, 267\u2013280 (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2010.07.004","journal-title":"Learn. Instr."},{"key":"44_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1109\/45.666641","volume":"17","author":"JM Zheng","year":"1998","unstructured":"Zheng, J.M., Chan, K.W., Gibson, I.: Virtual reality. IEEE Potentials 17, 20\u201323 (1998). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/45.666641","journal-title":"IEEE Potentials"},{"key":"44_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Allcoat, D., von M\u00fchlenen, A.: Learning in virtual reality: effects on performance, emotion and engagement. Research in Learning Technology. 26, (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25304\/rlt.v26.2140","DOI":"10.25304\/rlt.v26.2140"},{"key":"44_CR8","unstructured":"Ghali, R., Abdessalem, H.B., Frasson, C.: Improving intuitive reasoning through assistance strategies in a virtual reality game. Presented at the The Thirtieth International Flairs Conference , Marco Island, Florida, USA (2017)"},{"key":"44_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lee, G., Ojha, A., Lee, M.: Concentration Monitoring for Intelligent Tutoring System Based on Pupil and Eye-blink. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction. pp. 291\u2013294. ACM, Daegu Kyungpook Republic of Korea (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2814940.2815000","DOI":"10.1145\/2814940.2815000"},{"key":"44_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hutt, S., Mills, C., Bosch, N., Krasich, K., Brockmole, J., D\u2019Mello, S.: \u201cOut of the Fr-Eye-ing Pan\u201d: Towards Gaze-Based Models of Attention during Learning with Technology in the Classroom. In: Proceedings of the 25th Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization. pp. 94\u2013103. ACM, Bratislava Slovakia (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3079628.3079669","DOI":"10.1145\/3079628.3079669"},{"key":"44_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-4944(95)90001-2","volume":"15","author":"S Kaplan","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kaplan, S.: The restorative benefits of nature: toward an integrative framework. J. Environ. Psychol. 15, 169\u2013182 (1995). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0272-4944(95)90001-2","journal-title":"J. Environ. Psychol."},{"key":"44_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3102","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16173102","volume":"16","author":"Z Gao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gao, T., Zhang, T., Zhu, L., Gao, Y., Qiu, L.: Exploring Psychophysiological Restoration and Individual Preference in the Different Environments Based on Virtual Reality. IJERPH. 16, 3102 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph16173102","journal-title":"IJERPH."},{"key":"44_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fjpsy.2019.10.422","volume":"1","author":"H Ben Abdessalem","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ben Abdessalem, H., et al.: Immersion en train th\u00e9rapeutique pour la relaxation de patients Alzheimer. French Journal of Psychiatry. 1, S152 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fjpsy.2019.10.422","journal-title":"French Journal of Psychiatry."},{"key":"44_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huang, M.X., Li, J., Ngai, G., Leong, H.V., Bulling, A.: Moment-to-Moment Detection of Internal Thought from Eye Vergence Behaviour. (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/ARXIV.1901.06572","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.1901.06572"},{"key":"44_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2016.2641956","volume":"25","author":"A Myrden","year":"2017","unstructured":"Myrden, A., Chau, T.: A Passive EEG-BCI for Single-Trial Detection of Changes in Mental State. IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng. 25, 345\u2013356 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TNSRE.2016.2641956","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng."},{"key":"44_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.093008.100427","volume":"62","author":"MM Chun","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chun, M.M., Golomb, J.D., Turk-Browne, N.B.: A Taxonomy of External and Internal Attention. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 62, 73\u2013101 (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.psych.093008.100427","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"44_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Frasson, C., Abdessalem, H.: Contribution of Virtual Reality Environments and Artificial Intelligence for Alzheimer. MRAJ. 10, (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18103\/mra.v10i9.3054","DOI":"10.18103\/mra.v10i9.3054"},{"key":"44_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pedregosa, F., et al.: Scikit-learn: Machine Learning in Python. (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/ARXIV.1201.0490","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.1201.0490"},{"key":"44_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1109\/MCSE.2007.55","volume":"9","author":"JD Hunter","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hunter, J.D.: Matplotlib: A 2D Graphics Environment. Comput. Sci. Eng. 9, 90\u201395 (2007). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MCSE.2007.55","journal-title":"Comput. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"44_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01092","volume":"8","author":"M Benedek","year":"2017","unstructured":"Benedek, M., Stoiser, R., Walcher, S., K\u00f6rner, C.: Eye Behavior Associated with Internally versus Externally Directed Cognition. Front. Psychol. 8, 1092 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01092","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"44_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.572938","volume":"11","author":"Y Imaoka","year":"2020","unstructured":"Imaoka, Y., Flury, A., de Bruin, E.D.: Assessing Saccadic Eye Movements With Head-Mounted Display Virtual Reality Technology. Front. Psychiatry. 11, 572938 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.572938","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry."},{"key":"44_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Salvucci, D.D., Goldberg, J.H.: Identifying fixations and saccades in eye-tracking protocols. In: Proceedings of the symposium on Eye tracking research & applications - ETRA \u201900. pp. 71\u201378. ACM Press, Palm Beach Gardens, Florida, United States (2000). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/355017.355028","DOI":"10.1145\/355017.355028"},{"key":"44_CR23","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-35139-6_20","volume-title":"Brain Informatics","author":"A Atyabi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Atyabi, A., Fitzgibbon, S.P., Powers, D.M.W.: Multiplication of EEG Samples through Replicating, Biasing, and Overlapping. In: Zanzotto, F.M., Tsumoto, S., Taatgen, N., Yao, Y. (eds.) BI 2012. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 7670, pp. 209\u2013219. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-35139-6_20"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Augmented Intelligence and Intelligent Tutoring Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-32883-1_44","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,21]],"date-time":"2023-05-21T23:11:18Z","timestamp":1684710678000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-32883-1_44"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"ISBN":["9783031328824","9783031328831"],"references-count":23,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-32883-1_44","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 May 2023","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"ITS","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Corfu","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Greece","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2023","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2 June 2023","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"5 June 2023","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"19","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"its2023","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/iis-international.org\/its2023\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Double-blind","order":1,"name":"type","label":"Type","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"Easy chair","order":2,"name":"conference_management_system","label":"Conference Management System","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"84","order":3,"name":"number_of_submissions_sent_for_review","label":"Number of Submissions Sent for Review","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"41","order":4,"name":"number_of_full_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Full Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"19","order":5,"name":"number_of_short_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Short Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"49% - The value is computed by the equation \"Number of Full Papers Accepted \/ Number of Submissions Sent for Review * 100\" and then rounded to a whole number.","order":6,"name":"acceptance_rate_of_full_papers","label":"Acceptance Rate of Full Papers","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3","order":7,"name":"average_number_of_reviews_per_paper","label":"Average Number of Reviews per Paper","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3","order":8,"name":"average_number_of_papers_per_reviewer","label":"Average Number of Papers per Reviewer","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"Yes","order":9,"name":"external_reviewers_involved","label":"External Reviewers Involved","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}}]}}