{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T08:32:11Z","timestamp":1743064331355,"version":"3.40.3"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":96,"publisher":"Springer International Publishing","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783031349805"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783031349812"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-34981-2_9","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T18:02:42Z","timestamp":1693245762000},"page":"235-272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Updates on Intraoperative Neurophysiology During Surgery for Spinal Dysraphism"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Claudia","family":"Pasquali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Basaldella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Sala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"9_CR1","first-page":"145","volume":"2","author":"HJ Hoffman","year":"1976","unstructured":"Hoffman HJ, Hendrick EB, HR. The tethered spinal cord: its protean manifestations, diagnosis and surgical correction. Childs Brain. 1976;2:145\u201355.","journal-title":"Childs Brain"},{"key":"9_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3171\/2008.10.SPI15714L","volume":"10","author":"S Yamada","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yamada S. Tethered cord syndrome. J Neurosurg Spine. 2009;10:79\u201381.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"9_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1981.54.4.0494","volume":"54","author":"S Yamada","year":"1981","unstructured":"Yamada S, Zinke DE, Sanders D. Pathophysiology of \u2018tethered cord syndrome\u2019. J Neurosurg. 1981;54:494\u2013503.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"9_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1987.66.1.0116","volume":"66","author":"S Tani","year":"1987","unstructured":"Tani S, Yamada S, Knighton RS. Extensibility of the lumbar and sacral cord. Pathophysiology of the tethered spinal cord in cats. J Neurosurg. 1987;66(1):116\u201323.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"9_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-006-0276-3","volume":"23","author":"S Yamada","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yamada S, Won DJ. What is the true tethered cord syndrome? Childs Nerv Syst. 2007;23(4):371\u20135.","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"9_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/FOC-07\/08\/E6","volume":"23","author":"S Yamada","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yamada S, Won DJ, Pezeshkpour G, Yamada BS, Yamada SM, Siddiqi J, et al. Pathophysiology of tethered cord syndrome and similar complex disorders. Neurosurg Focus. 2007;23(2):e6.","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"9_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1982.57.1.0032","volume":"57","author":"D Pang","year":"1982","unstructured":"Pang D, Wilberger JE. Tethered cord syndrome in adults. J Neurosurg. 1982;57:32\u201347.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"9_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1053\/otpr.2000.9651","volume":"7","author":"BE Weprin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Weprin BE, Oakes WJ. Occult spinal dysraphism: the clinical presentation and diagnosis. Oper Tech Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000;7(2):39\u201352.","journal-title":"Oper Tech Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"9_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000114923.76542.81","volume":"54","author":"AV Kulkarni","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kulkarni AV, Pierre-Kahn A, Zerah M, Chapman PH, Adelson PD, Cohen AR, et al. Conservative management of asymptomatic spinal lipomas of the conus. Neurosurgery. 2004;54:868\u201375.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"9_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E4","DOI":"10.3171\/FOC-07\/08\/E4","volume":"23","author":"JM Drake","year":"2007","unstructured":"Drake JM. Surgical management of the tethered spinal cord\u2014walking the fine line. Neurosurg Focus. 2007;23(2):E4.","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"18","key":"9_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000231687.02271.b6","volume":"31","author":"G Paradiso","year":"2006","unstructured":"Paradiso G, Lee GYF, Sarjeant R, Hoang L, Massicotte EM, Fehlings MG. Multimodality intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring findings during surgery for adult tethered cord syndrome: analysis of a series of 44 patients with long-term follow-up. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006;31(18):2095\u2013102.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"6","key":"9_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000115144.30607.E9","volume":"29","author":"T Gunnarsson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gunnarsson T, Krassioukov AV, Sarjeant R, Fehlings MG. Real-time continuous intraoperative electromyographic and somatosensory evoked potential recordings in spinal surgery: correlation of clinical and electrophysiologic findings in a prospective, consecutive series of 213 cases. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2004;29(6):677\u201384.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"2","key":"9_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2003.11.025","volume":"62","author":"A Qui\u00f1ones-Hinojosa","year":"2004","unstructured":"Qui\u00f1ones-Hinojosa A, Gadkary CA, Gulati M, Von Koch CS, Lyon R, Weinstein PR, et al. Neurophysiological monitoring for safe surgical tethered cord syndrome release in adults. Surg Neurol. 2004;62(2):127\u201333.","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"9_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-020-04464-w","volume":"162","author":"T Finger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Finger T, Aigner A, Depperich L, Schaumann A, Wolter S, Schulz M, et al. Secondary tethered cord syndrome in adult patients: retethering rates, long-term clinical outcome, and the effect of intraoperative neuromonitoring. Acta Neurochir. 2020;162(9):2087\u201396.","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"key":"9_CR15","unstructured":"Moore KL, Persaud TVN. Lo sviluppo prenatale dell uomo. Embriologia ad orientamento medico. II. EdiSES; 2009."},{"key":"9_CR16","unstructured":"Anastasi G. Trattato di anatomia umana. IV. Edi-Ermes; 2010."},{"key":"9_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20426","volume":"290","author":"H Saitsu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Saitsu H, Yamada S, Uwabe C, Ishibashi M, Shiota K. Aberrant differentiation of the axially condensed tail bud mesenchyme in human embryos with lumbosacral myeloschisis. Anat Rec. 2007;290:251\u20138.","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"issue":"6","key":"9_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31820ee282","volume":"68","author":"D Pang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pang D, Zovickian J, Moes GS. Retained medullary cord in humans: late arrest of secondary neurulation. Neurosurgery. 2011;68(6):1500\u201319.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"9_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E3","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.7.FOCUS12224","volume":"33","author":"CE Sarris","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sarris CE, Tomei KL, Carmel PW, Gandhi CD. Lipomyelomeningocele: pathology, treatment, and outcomes. Neurosurg Focus. 2012;33(4):E3.","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"2","key":"9_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E7","DOI":"10.3171\/FOC-07\/08\/E7","volume":"23","author":"H Kesler","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kesler H, Dias MS, Kalapos P. Termination of the normal conus medullaris in children: a whole-spine magnetic resonance imaging study. Neurosurg Focus. 2007;23(2):E7.","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"3","key":"9_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200209000-00019","volume":"51","author":"F Pinto","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pinto F, Fontes R, Leonhardt MC, Amodio D, Porro F, Machado J. Anatomic study of the filum terminale and its correlations with the tethered cord syndrome. Neurosurgery. 2002;51(3):725\u201330.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"9_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-0004.2002.610202.x","volume":"61","author":"M Catala","year":"2002","unstructured":"Catala M. Genetic control of caudal development. Clin Genet. 2002;61:367\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"9_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2003.10.015","volume":"50","author":"A Rossi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rossi A, Biancheri R, Cama A, Piatelli G, Ravegnani M, Tortori-Donati P. Imaging in spine and spinal cord malformations. Eur J Radiol. 2004;50(2):177\u2013200.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/FOC-07\/08\/E10","volume":"23","author":"MA Finn","year":"2007","unstructured":"Finn MA, Walker ML. Spinal lipomas: clinical spectrum, embryology, and treatment. Neurosurg Focus. 2007;23(2):e10.","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"1","key":"9_CR25","first-page":"37","volume":"9","author":"PH Chapman","year":"1982","unstructured":"Chapman PH. Congenital intraspinal lipomas: anatomic considerations and surgical treatment. Childs Brain. 1982;9(1):37\u201347.","journal-title":"Childs Brain"},{"issue":"3","key":"9_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000350879.02128.80","volume":"65","author":"D Pang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pang D, Zovickian J, Oviedo A. Long-term outcome of total and near-total resection of spinal cord lipomas and radical reconstruction of the neural placode: part I\u2014surgical technique. Neurosurgery. 2009;65(3):511\u201329.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"9_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-013-2187-4","volume":"29","author":"D Pang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pang D, Wong SZ. Surgical treatment of complex spinal cord lipomas. Childs Nerv Syst. 2013;29:1485\u2013513.","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"9_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.10.PEDS16247","volume":"19","author":"N Morota","year":"2017","unstructured":"Morota N, Ihara S, Ogiwara H. New classification of spinal lipomas based on embryonic stage. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2017;19:1\u201312.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"9_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-019-01215-z","volume":"44","author":"A Reghunath","year":"2021","unstructured":"Reghunath A, Ghasi RG, Aggarwal A. Unveiling the tale of the tail: an illustration of spinal dysraphisms. Neurosurg Rev. 2021;44(1):97\u2013114.","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"9_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.12.PEDS13370","volume":"13","author":"EM Thompson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Thompson EM, Strong MJ, Warren G, Woltjer RL, Selden NR. Clinical significance of imaging and histological characteristics of filum terminale in tethered cord syndrome. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2014;13(3):255\u20139.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"9_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1007\/s003810050090","volume":"13","author":"A Pierre-Kahn","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pierre-Kahn A, Zerah M, Renier D, Cinalli G, Sainte-Rose, Christian Lellouch-Tubian A, Brunelle F, et al. Congenital lumbosacral lipomas. Child\u2019s Nerv Syst. 1997;13(6):298\u2013334.","journal-title":"Child\u2019s Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"9_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2001.10.1.2","volume":"10","author":"DE Warder","year":"2001","unstructured":"Warder DE. Tethered cord syndrome and occult spinal dysraphism. Neurosurg Focus. 2001;10(1):e1.","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"7","key":"9_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199404000-00018","volume":"19","author":"E Brown","year":"1994","unstructured":"Brown E, Matthes J, Bazan C, Jinkins J. Prevalence of incidental intraspinal lipoma of the lumbosacral spine as determined by MRI. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1994;19(7):833\u20136.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"9_CR34","volume-title":"The spina bifida. Management and outcome","author":"MM \u00d6zek","year":"2008","unstructured":"\u00d6zek MM, Cinalli G, Maixner WJ. The spina bifida. Management and outcome. Springer-Verlag Italia; 2008. 523 p."},{"key":"9_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-009-0208-6","volume":"151","author":"N Muthukumar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Muthukumar N. Congenital spinal lipomatous malformations: part I-classification. Acta Neurochir. 2009;151:179\u201388.","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"issue":"9","key":"9_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1007\/s007010170015","volume":"143","author":"H Arai","year":"2001","unstructured":"Arai H, Sato K, Okuda O, Miyajima M, Hishii M, Nakanishi H, et al. Surgical experience of 120 patients with lumbosacral lipomas. Acta Neurochir. 2001;143(9):857\u201364.","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"key":"9_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000115","volume":"31","author":"F Sala","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sala F, Tramontano V, Squintani G, Arcaro C, Tot E, Pinna G, et al. Neurophysiology of complex spinal cord untethering. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2014;31:326\u201336.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"9_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2007.6.3.210","volume":"6","author":"S Rajpal","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rajpal S, Tubbs SR. Tethered cord due to spina bifida occulta presenting in adulthood review of 61 patients. J Neurosurg Spine. 2007;6:210\u20135.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"9_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-008-0140-x","volume":"31","author":"K Aufschnaiter","year":"2008","unstructured":"Aufschnaiter K, Fellner F, Wurm G. Surgery in adult onset tethered cord syndrome (ATCS): review of literature on occasion of an exceptional case. Neurosurg Rev. 2008;31:371\u201384.","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"9_CR40","first-page":"922","volume":"25","author":"M Selcuki","year":"2015","unstructured":"Selcuki M, Mete M, Barutcuoglu M, Duransoy YK, Umur AS, Selcuki D. Tethered cord syndrome in adults: experience of 56 patients. Turk Neurosurg. 2015;25:922\u20139.","journal-title":"Turk Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"9_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2006.4.2.123","volume":"4","author":"GYF Lee","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lee GYF, Paradiso G, Tator CH, Gentili F, Massicotte EM, Fehlings MG. Surgical management of tethered cord syndrome in adults: indications, techniques, and long-term outcomes in 60 patients. J Neurosurg Spine. 2006;4(2):123\u201331.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"9_CR42","first-page":"226","volume":"27","author":"OE Sofuoglu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sofuoglu OE, Abdallah A, Emel E, Ofluoglu AE, Gunes M, Guler B. Management of tethered cord syndrome in adults: experience of 23 cases. Turk Neurosurg. 2017;27:226\u201336.","journal-title":"Turk Neurosurg"},{"key":"9_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1998.88.6.0958","volume":"88","author":"BJ Iskandar","year":"1998","unstructured":"Iskandar BJ, Fulmer B, Hadley M, Oakes WJ. Congenital tethered spinal cord syndrome in adults. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 1998;88:958\u201361.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"key":"9_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/FOC-07\/08\/E2","volume":"23","author":"CJ Bui","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bui CJ. Tethered cord syndrome in children: a review. Neurosurg Focus. 2007;23:e2.","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"9_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-002-0624-x","volume":"18","author":"NL Dorward","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dorward NL, Scatliff J, Hayward RD. Congenital lumbosacral lipomas: pitfalls in analysing the results of prophylactic surgery. Childs Nerv Syst. 2002;18:326\u201332.","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"9_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1985.62.1.0001","volume":"62","author":"HJ Hoffman","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hoffman HJ, Taecholarn C, Bruce Hendrick E, Humphreys RP. Management of lipomyelomeningoceles experience at the hospital for sick children, Toronto. J Neurosurg. 1985;62:1\u20138.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"9_CR47","first-page":"e1","volume":"1","author":"O Alsowayan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alsowayan O, Alzahrani A, Alsowayan O, Farmer J-P, Capolicchio J-P, Jednak R, et al. Comprehensive analysis of the clinical and urodynamic outcomes of secondary tethered spinal cord before and after spinal cord untethering. J Pediatr Urol. 2015;1:e1\u20136.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"key":"9_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alsowayan O, Alzahrani A, Farmer J, Capolicchio J, Jednak R. Comprehensive analysis of the clinical and urodynamic outcomes of primary tethered spinal cord before and after spinal cord untethering. J Pediatr Urol. 2016;(February):1\u20135.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.02.012"},{"issue":"1","key":"9_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.3.FOCUS1079","volume":"29","author":"DA Hertzler","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hertzler DA. Tethered cord syndrome: a review of the literature from embryology to adult presentation. Neurosurg Focus. 2010;29(1):e1.","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"9_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000363598.81101.7B","volume":"66","author":"D Pang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pang D, Zovickian J, Oviedo A. Long-term outcome of total and near-total resection of spinal cord lipomas and radical reconstruction of the neural placode, part II: outcome analysis and preoperative profiling. Neurosurgery. 2010;66:253\u201373.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"9_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-002-0582-3","volume":"18","author":"F Sala","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sala F, Kr\u017ean MJ, Deletis V. Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring in pediatric neurosurgery: why, when, how? Childs Nerv Syst. 2002;18:262\u201387.","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"9_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.4.PEDS15204","volume":"17","author":"S Yamada","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yamada S. Filum terminale in tethered cord syndrome. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2016;17:634.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"9_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2309499018789529","volume":"26","author":"MS Hasan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hasan MS, Tan JK, Chan CYW, Kwan MK, Karim FSA, Goh KJ. Comparison between effect of desflurane\/remifentanil and propofol\/remifentanil anesthesia on somatosensory evoked potential monitoring during scoliosis surgery\u2014a randomized controlled trial. J Orthop Surg. 2018;26(3):1\u20137.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"9_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-014-9571-9","volume":"29","author":"TB Sloan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sloan TB, Toleikis JR, Toleikis SC, Koht A. Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring during spine surgery with total intravenous anesthesia or balanced anesthesia with 3% desflurane. J Clin Monit Comput. 2015;29(1):77\u201385.","journal-title":"J Clin Monit Comput"},{"issue":"2","key":"9_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-009-1023-3","volume":"26","author":"T Sloan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sloan T. Anesthesia and intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring in children. Childs Nerv Syst. 2010;26(2):227\u201335.","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"9_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-014-2372-0","volume":"30","author":"F Sala","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sala F, Barone G, Tramontano V, Gallo P, Ghimenton C. Retained medullary cord confirmed by intraoperative neurophysiological mapping. Childs Nerv Syst. 2014;30:1287\u201391.","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"9_CR57","first-page":"137","volume":"29","author":"DH Fulkerson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fulkerson DH, Satyan KB, Wilder LM, Riviello JJ, Stayer SA, Whitehead WE, et al. Intraoperative neurophysiology of the conus medullaris and cauda equina. Childs Nerv Syst. 2010;29(4):137\u201344.","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"9_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-009-1020-6","volume":"26","author":"KF Kothbauer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kothbauer KF, Deletis V. Intraoperative neurophysiology of the conus medullaris and cauda equina. Childs Nerv Syst. 2010;26(2):247\u201353.","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"9_CR59","first-page":"88","volume":"40","author":"V Deletis","year":"1997","unstructured":"Deletis V, Vodusek D. Intraoperative recording of the bulbocavernosus reflex. Neurosurgery. 1997;40:88\u201392.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"9_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199302000-00011","volume":"32","author":"M Taniguchi","year":"1993","unstructured":"Taniguchi M, Cedzich C, Schramm J. Modification of cortical stimulation for motor evoked potentials under general anesthesia: technical description. Neurosurgery. 1993;32(2):219\u201326.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"9_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-013-2188-3","volume":"29","author":"F Sala","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sala F, Squintani G, Tramontano V, Arcaro C, Faccioli F, Mazza C. Intraoperative neurophysiology in tethered cord surgery: techniques and results. Childs Nerv Syst. 2013;29:1611\u201324.","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"9_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03620.x","volume":"939","author":"V Deletis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Deletis V, Sala F. The role of intraoperative neurophysiology in the protection or documentation of surgically induced injury to the spinal cord. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006;939(1):137\u201344.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"9_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3171\/2008.12.PEDS0874","volume":"3","author":"RM Bowman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bowman RM, Mohan A, Ito J, Seibly J, McLone D. Tethered cord release a long-term study in 114 patients. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2009;3:181\u20137.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"9_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E18","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.5.FOCUS16141","volume":"41","author":"A Scibilia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Scibilia A, Terranova C, Rizzo V, Raffa G, Morelli A, Esposito F, et al. Intraoperative neurophysiological mapping and monitoring in spinal tumor surgery: sirens or indispensable tools? Neurosurg Focus. 2016;41(2):E18.","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"9_CR65","volume-title":"Handbook of clinical neurophysiology","author":"MR Nuwer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nuwer MR. Handbook of clinical neurophysiology. Elsevier; 2010."},{"issue":"4","key":"9_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-009-1081-6","volume":"26","author":"F Sala","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sala F, Manganotti P, Grossauer S, Tramontanto V, Mazza C, Gerosa M. Intraoperative neurophysiology of the motor system in children: a tailored approach. Childs Nerv Syst. 2010;26(4):473\u201390.","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"9_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0b013e3181b2edae","volume":"26","author":"AM Husain","year":"2009","unstructured":"Husain AM, Shah D. Prognostic value of neurophysiologic intraoperative monitoring in tethered cord syndrome surgery. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2009;26(4):244\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"9_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.1.PEDS10255","volume":"7","author":"DH Fulkerson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fulkerson DH, Satyan KB, Wilder LM, Riviello JJ, Stayer SA, Whitehead WE, et al. Intraoperative monitoring of motor evoked potentials in very young children. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2011;7(4):331\u20137.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"key":"9_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5049.162985","volume":"59","author":"P Gupta","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gupta P. Comparison between sevoflurane and desflurane on emergence and recovery characteristics of children undergoing surgery for spinal dysraphism. Indian J Anaesth. 2015;59:482\u20137.","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"9_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1097\/ANA.0b013e31819f1ce0","volume":"21","author":"D Singh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Singh D. Sevofluorano provides better recovery tha isofluorane in children undergoing spinal surg\u2014abstract. J Neurosurg Anesth. 2009;21:202\u20136.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Anesth"},{"key":"9_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199204000-00003","volume":"76","author":"CJ Kalkman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kalkman CJ, Drummond J, Ribberink A. Effects of Propofol, etomidate, midazolam, and fentanyl on motor evoked responses to transcranial electrical or magnetic stimulation in humans. Anesthesiology. 1992;76:502\u20138.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"9_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000259836.84151.75","volume":"32","author":"FJ Frei","year":"2007","unstructured":"Frei FJ, Ryhult SE, Duitmann E, Hasler CC, Luetschg J, Erb TO. Intraoperative monitoring of motor-evoked potentials in children undergoing spinal surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007;32(8):911\u20137.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"9_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-021-05316-3","volume":"38","author":"J Herta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Herta J, Yildiz E, Marhofer D, Czech T, Reinprecht A, R\u00f6ssler K, et al. Feasibility of intraoperative motor evoked potential monitoring during tethered cord surgery in infants younger than 12 months. Childs Nerv Syst. 2021;38:397\u2013405.","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"9_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2004.16.2.1","volume":"16","author":"KF Kothbauer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kothbauer KF. Intraoperative monitoring for tethered cord surgery: an update. Neurosurg Focus. 2004;16(2):Article 8.","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"6","key":"9_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2007.10.002","volume":"37","author":"HL Journ\u00e9e","year":"2007","unstructured":"Journ\u00e9e HL, Polak HE, De Kleuver M. Conditioning stimulation techniques for enhancement of transcranially elicited evoked motor responses. Neurophysiol Clin. 2007;37(6):423\u201330.","journal-title":"Neurophysiol Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"9_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02351019","volume":"42","author":"HL Journ\u00e9e","year":"2004","unstructured":"Journ\u00e9e HL, Polak HE, de Kleuver M, Langeloo DD, Postma AA. Improved neuromonitoring during spinal surgery using double-train transcranial electrical stimulation. Med Biol Eng Comput. 2004;42(1):110\u20133.","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"issue":"7","key":"9_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2007.04.008","volume":"118","author":"A Szel\u00e9nyi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Szel\u00e9nyi A, Kothbauer KF, Deletis V. Transcranial electric stimulation for intraoperative motor evoked potential monitoring: stimulation parameters and electrode montages. Clin Neurophysiol. 2007;118(7):1586\u201395.","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"9_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-011-1471-4","volume":"27","author":"EW Hoving","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hoving EW, Haitsma E, Ophuis CMCO, Journ\u00e9e HL. The value of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring in tethered cord surgery. Childs Nerv Syst. 2011;27(9):1445\u201352.","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"9_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-014-1999-7","volume":"156","author":"R Pratheesh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pratheesh R, Babu KS, Rajshekhar V. Improvement in intraoperative transcranial electrical motor-evoked potentials in tethered cord surgery: an analysis of 45 cases. Acta Neurochir. 2014;156(4):723\u201331.","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"issue":"1","key":"9_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-014-9565-7","volume":"29","author":"S Tsutsui","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tsutsui S, Iwasaki H, Yamada H, Hashizume H, Minamide A, Nakagawa Y, et al. Augmentation of motor evoked potentials using multi-train transcranial electrical stimulation in intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring during spinal surgery. J Clin Monit Comput. 2015;29(1):35\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Monit Comput"},{"issue":"2","key":"9_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-020-04610-4","volume":"163","author":"M Sindou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sindou M, Joud A, Georgoulis G. Usefulness of external anal sphincter EMG recording for intraoperative neuromonitoring of the sacral roots\u2014a prospective study in dorsal rhizotomy. Acta Neurochir. 2021;163(2):479\u201387.","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"issue":"2","key":"9_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0b013e31819f9067","volume":"26","author":"B Khealani","year":"2009","unstructured":"Khealani B, Husain AM. Neurophysiologic intraoperative monitoring during surgery for tethered cord syndrome. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2009;26(2):76\u201381.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"9_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2005.03.012","volume":"12","author":"G Paradiso","year":"2005","unstructured":"Paradiso G, Lee GYF, Hons M, Fracs MS, Cnim RS. Multi-modality neurophysiological monitoring during surgery for adult tethered cord syndrome. J Clin Neurosci. 2005;12(8):934\u20136.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"9_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000054","volume":"31","author":"SA Skinner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Skinner SA, Vodu\u0161ek DB. Intraoperative recording of the bulbocavernosus reflex. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2014;31(4):313\u201322.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"9_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.12.PEDS18535","volume":"23","author":"N Morota","year":"2019","unstructured":"Morota N. Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring of the bulbocavernosus reflex during surgery for conus spinal lipoma: what are the warning criteria? J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2019;23(5):639\u201347.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"9_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-018-0127-2","volume":"33","author":"T Shinjo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shinjo T, Hayashi H, Takatani T, Boku E, Nakase H, Kawaguchi M. Intraoperative feasibility of bulbocavernosus reflex monitoring during untethering surgery in infants and children. J Clin Monit Comput. 2019;33(1):155\u201363.","journal-title":"J Clin Monit Comput"},{"key":"9_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-010-1112-3","volume":"26","author":"D Pang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pang D. Intraoperative neurophysiology of the conus medullaris and cauda equina. Childs Nerv Syst. 2010;26:411\u20132.","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"9_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E3","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.3.FOCUS09299","volume":"29","author":"N Pouratian","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pouratian N, Elias WJ, Jane JA, Phillips LH, Jane JA. Electrophysiologically guided untethering of secondary tethered spinal cord syndrome. Neurosurg Focus. 2010;29(1):E3.","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"5","key":"9_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E10","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.9.FOCUS12235","volume":"33","author":"RR Lall","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lall RR, Lall RR, Hauptman JS, Munoz C, Cybulski GR, Koski T, et al. Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring in spine surgery: indications, efficacy, and role of the preoperative checklist. Neurosurg Focus. 2012;33(5):E10.","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"5","key":"9_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-015-2627-4","volume":"31","author":"E Durda\u011f","year":"2015","unstructured":"Durda\u011f E, B\u00f6rcek PB, \u00d6cal \u00d6, B\u00f6rcek A\u00d6, Emmez H, Baykaner MK. Pathological evaluation of the filum terminale tissue after surgical excision. Childs Nerv Syst. 2015;31(5):759\u201363.","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"12","key":"9_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2897","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-020-04909-8","volume":"36","author":"HL Srinivasan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Srinivasan HL, Korn A, Roth J, Constantini S. Filum terminale lipomas\u2014the role of intraoperative neuromonitoring. Childs Nerv Syst. 2020;36(12):2897\u20138.","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"9_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13037-014-0035-4","volume":"8","author":"O Suess","year":"2014","unstructured":"Suess O, Mularski S, Czabanka MA, Cabraja M, Hammersen S, Kombos T. The value of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring for microsurgical removal of conus medullaris lipomas: a 12-year retrospective cohort study. Patient Saf Surg. 2014;8(1):1\u201310.","journal-title":"Patient Saf Surg"},{"issue":"229","key":"9_CR93","first-page":"1","volume":"11","author":"JP Cabrera","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cabrera JP, Vigueras S, Mu\u00f1oz R, L\u00f3pez E. Double neurophysiological certification of the filum terminale during sectioning surgery in pediatric population. Surg Neurol Int. 2020;11(229):1\u20135.","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"9_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-013-2189-2","volume":"29","author":"D Pang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pang D, Zovickian J, Wong ST, Hou YJ, Moes GS. Limited dorsal myeloschisis: a not-so-rare form of primary neurulation defect. Childs Nerv Syst. 2013;29(9):1459\u201384.","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"6","key":"9_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3181f93e5a","volume":"67","author":"D Pang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pang D, Zovickian J, Oviedo A, Moes GS. Limited dorsal myeloschisis: a distinctive clinicopathological entity. Neurosurgery. 2010;67(6):1555\u201379.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"9_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4958","volume":"38","author":"SM Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee SM, Cheon JE, Choi YH, Kim IO, Kim WS, Cho HH, et al. Limited dorsal myeloschisis and congenital dermal sinus: comparison of clinical and MR imaging features. Am J Neuroradiol. 2017;38(1):176\u201382.","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"}],"container-title":["Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery","Spinal Dysraphic Malformations"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-34981-2_9","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T18:03:43Z","timestamp":1693245823000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-34981-2_9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"ISBN":["9783031349805","9783031349812"],"references-count":96,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-34981-2_9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-4829","1869-9189"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0095-4829"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1869-9189"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 August 2023","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}}]}}