{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T02:20:49Z","timestamp":1771294849855,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783031376481","type":"print"},{"value":"9783031376498","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":205,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Every year, collaborative robots get closer to humans and cooperation with them takes place not only in industrial spaces, where specialized employees work with them, but also people who do not have knowledge in the field of engineering and robotics. Therefore, great attention is paid to safety in the cooperation of robots and humans. In addition, the aspect of ethics and their ethical behavior towards a human co-worker, companion or petitioner is more and more often taken into account. Knowledge of potential safety hazards is important to secure safety early in robots\u2019 design and development process. Therefore security is one of main issues raised in the article. The most important safety standards from the point of view of collaborative robotics are presented. In the article described example of cobots acting increasingly role as members of our society. Access to them is becoming more and more common - they are household members, waiters or airport staff. Presented in the paper issue of ethics in reference to robots and AI are becoming increasingly significant impact on human. It deals with topics of physical and ethical safety in cooperation between humans and robots. Reference has been made to the safety standards. Due to proximity of technology in humans lives, access to them, and even dependence on them, that issue was particularly emphasized by the author. The paper is source of references to considerations of human safety in robotized environments and ethics in robotics applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-37649-8_26","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T04:02:08Z","timestamp":1690257728000},"page":"260-269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Collaborative Robotics. Safety and\u00a0Ethical Considerations"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9782-1013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"R\u00f3\u017ca\u0144ska-Walczuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"26_CR1","unstructured":"Bezpiecze\u0144stwo maszyn - Og\u00f3lne zasady projektowania - Ocena ryzyka i zmniejszanie ryzyka [Safety of machinery - general principles for design - risk assessment and risk reduction]. Standard PN-EN ISO 12100:2012, PKN, PL (2012)"},{"key":"26_CR2","unstructured":"Robots and robotic devices. Guide to the ethical design and application of robots and robotic systems. Standard BS 8611:2016, UK (2016). https:\/\/shop.bsigroup.com\/ProductDetail\/?pid=000000000030320089"},{"issue":"5","key":"26_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1108\/IR-05-2016-0148","volume":"43","author":"R Bloss","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bloss, R.: Collaborative robots are rapidly providing major improvements in productivity, safety, programing ease, portability and cost while addressing many new applications. Ind. Robot Int. J. 43(5), 463\u2013468 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/IR-05-2016-0148","journal-title":"Ind. Robot Int. J."},{"key":"26_CR4","first-page":"22","volume":"38","author":"E Burton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Burton, E., Goldsmith, J., Koenig, S., Kuipers, B., Mattei, N., Walsh, T.: Ethical considerations in artificial intelligence courses. AI Mag. 38, 22\u201334 (2017)","journal-title":"AI Mag."},{"key":"26_CR5","unstructured":"Robots and robotic devices - Safety requirements for industrial robots - Part 1: Robots. Standard, ISO, Switzerland (2011)"},{"key":"26_CR6","unstructured":"Robots and robotic devices - Safety requirements for industrial robots - Part 2: Robot systems and integration. Standard, ISO, Switzerland (2011)"},{"key":"26_CR7","unstructured":"Industrial trucks - Safety requirements and verification - Part 4: Driverless industrial trucks and their systems. Standard, ISO, Switzerland (2020)"},{"key":"26_CR8","unstructured":"Robots and robotic devices - Collaborative robots. Standard, ISO, Switzerland (2016)"},{"key":"26_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Klimaszewski, J., Janczak, D., Piorun, P.: Tactile robotic skin with pressure direction detection. Sensors 19(21), 4697 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s19214697. https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/21\/4697","DOI":"10.3390\/s19214697"},{"key":"26_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Klimaszewski, J., W\u0142adzi\u0144ski, M.: Human body parts proximity measurement using distributed tactile robotic skin. Sensors 21(6), 2138 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s21062138. https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/21\/6\/2138","DOI":"10.3390\/s21062138"},{"key":"26_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2022.676767","volume":"9","author":"BV Kuipers","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kuipers, B.V.: Trust and cooperation. Front. Robot. AI 9, 65 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frobt.2022.676767","journal-title":"Front. Robot. AI"},{"key":"26_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Paliga, M.: Human-cobot interaction fluency and cobot operators\u2019 job performance. The mediating role of work engagement: a survey. Robot. Auton. Syst. 155(104191) (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.robot.2022.104191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.robot.2022.104191"},{"key":"26_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pi\u00e7arra, N., Giger, J.C., Pochwatko, G., Gon\u00e7alves, G.: Validation of the Portuguese version of the negative attitudes towards robots scale. In: Revue Europ\u00e9enne de Psychologie Appliqu\u00e9e\/European Review of Applied Psychology, vol. 65, pp. 1\u201310 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.erap.2014.11.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.erap.2014.11.002"},{"key":"26_CR14","unstructured":"Pi\u0105tka, Z., (ed.): Raport rynkowy: Roboty wsp\u00f3\u0142pracuj\u0105ce i mobilne roboty agv, automatyka podzespo\u0142y aplikacje [Robotics market report: collaborative robots and mobile AGV robots, automation components applications]. Automatyka Podzespo\u0142y Aplikacje 5(151), 54\u201381 (2019). https:\/\/ulubionykiosk.pl\/wydawnictwo\/apa\/3264"},{"key":"26_CR15","unstructured":"Pi\u0105tka, Z., (ed.): Raport: Roboty wsp\u00f3\u0142pracuj\u0105ce i mobilne- rynek po pandemii [Robotics market report: collaborative robots and mobile robots-the post-pandemic market]. Automatyka Podzespo\u0142y Aplikacje 10(151), 48\u201367 (2021). https:\/\/ulubionykiosk.pl\/wydawnictwo\/apa\/4316"},{"key":"26_CR16","unstructured":"W\u00f3zki jezdniowe - Bezpiecze\u0144stwo - W\u00f3zki bez operatora i ich uk\u0142ady [Safety of industrial trucks - driverless trucks and their systems]. Standard, PKN, Poland (1999)"},{"key":"26_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pochwatko, G., et al.: Polish version of the negative attitude toward robots scale. In: Revue Europ\u00e9enne de Psychologie Appliqu\u00e9e\/European Review of Applied Psychology, vol. 65, pp. 1\u201310 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14313\/JAMRIS_2-2015\/25","DOI":"10.14313\/JAMRIS_2-2015\/25"},{"key":"26_CR18","unstructured":"R\u00f3\u017ca\u0144ska-Walczuk, M., Pochwatko, G., \u015awidrak, J., Kukie\u0142ka, K., Mo\u017caryn, J.: Wybrane predyktory postawy wobec robot\u00f3w spo\u0142ecznych [Selected predictors of attitude towards social robots]. In: Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej, vol. 1, pp. 15\u201324. Elektronika PW (2016)"},{"key":"26_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Soleimani, M., Friedrich, M.: E-skin using fringing field electrical impedance tomography with an ionic liquid domain. Sensors 22(13), 5040 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s2213504. https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/13\/5040\/htm","DOI":"10.3390\/s2213504"},{"key":"26_CR20","unstructured":"Walcki, M.: Normy bezpiecze\u0144stwa w kontek\u015bcie robotyzacji z u\u017cyciem AMR [Safety standards in the context of robotization with AMR] (2020). https:\/\/versabox.eu\/pl\/normy-bezpieczenstwa-a-robotyzacja\/. VersaBox"},{"key":"26_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-019-0213-6","volume":"2","author":"A Winfield","year":"2019","unstructured":"Winfield, A.: Ethical standards in robotics and AI. Nat. Electron. 2, 46\u201348 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41928-019-0213-6","journal-title":"Nat. Electron."}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems","Digital Interaction and Machine Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-37649-8_26","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T04:12:39Z","timestamp":1690258359000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-37649-8_26"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"ISBN":["9783031376481","9783031376498"],"references-count":21,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-37649-8_26","relation":{},"ISSN":["2367-3370","2367-3389"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2367-3370","type":"print"},{"value":"2367-3389","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 July 2023","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"MIDI","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Machine Intelligence and Digital Interaction Conference","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2022","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"12 December 2022","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"15 December 2022","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"midi12022","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/midi2022.opi.org.pl\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}