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We identify the process steps with the most significant emissions in terms of <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\textrm{CO}_2$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                <mml:msub>\n                  <mml:mtext>CO<\/mml:mtext>\n                  <mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn>\n                <\/mml:msub>\n              <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> equivalent, design a methodology to quantify these emissions and give a comparative analysis based on the example of the Estonian parliamentary elections of 2023. Our results show that paper voting has about 180 times higher carbon footprint, owing largely to the need to transport the voters to the polling stations and back.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-43756-4_9","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T23:02:23Z","timestamp":1695337343000},"page":"140-155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Estimating Carbon Footprint of Paper and Internet Voting"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6290-2099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Willemson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kristjan","family":"Krips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"9_CR1","unstructured":"European Union $${\\rm CO}_2$$ emissions: different accounting perspectives. 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