{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T02:02:40Z","timestamp":1785031360810,"version":"3.55.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783031477478","type":"print"},{"value":"9783031477485","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699401600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-47748-5_3","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T00:04:15Z","timestamp":1699401855000},"page":"37-53","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["From Whistle to\u00a0Echo: Data Leaks in\u00a0Web-Based Whistleblowing Channels"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Esko","family":"Vuorinen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panu","family":"Puhtila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sampsa","family":"Rauti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ville","family":"Lepp\u00e4nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"3_CR1","unstructured":"Case C-582\/14, Patrick Breyer v. Bundesrepublik Deutschland [2016] ECLI:EU:C:2016:779, paragraph 49"},{"key":"3_CR2","unstructured":"Bowden, P.: In the Public Interest: Protecting Whistleblowers and Those Who Speak Out. Tilde Publishing and Distribution (2014)"},{"key":"3_CR3","unstructured":"Devine, S.: Protecting whistleblower information. USENIX Association, Santa Clara (2023)"},{"issue":"4","key":"3_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.2307\/258050","volume":"10","author":"JB Dozier","year":"1985","unstructured":"Dozier, J.B., Miceli, M.P.: Potential predictors of whistle-blowing: a prosocial behavior perspective. Acad. Manag. Rev. 10(4), 823\u2013836 (1985)","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"3_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/idpl\/ipz026","volume":"10","author":"M Finck","year":"2020","unstructured":"Finck, M., Pallas, F.: They who must not be identified-distinguishing personal from non-personal data under the GDPR. Int. Data Priv. Law 10(1), 11\u201336 (2020)","journal-title":"Int. Data Priv. Law"},{"key":"3_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2022.4208","volume":"182","author":"AB Friedman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Friedman, A.B., Bauer, L., Gonzales, R., McCoy, M.S.: Prevalence of third-party tracking on abortion clinic web pages. JAMA Intern. Med. 182, 1221\u20131222 (2022)","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med."},{"key":"3_CR7","unstructured":"Greenwood, C.A.: Killing the messenger: a survey of public relations practitioners and organizational response to whistleblowing after Sarbanes-Oxley. Ph.D. thesis, University of Oregon (2011)"},{"key":"3_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gunawan, J., Pradeep, A., Choffnes, D., Hartzog, W., Wilson, C.: A comparative study of dark patterns across web and mobile modalities. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 5(CSCW2) (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3479521","DOI":"10.1145\/3479521"},{"key":"3_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Heino, T., Carlsson, R., Rauti, S., Lepp\u00e4nen, V.: Assessing discrepancies between network traffic and privacy policies of public sector web services. In: ARES 2022. Association for Computing Machinery, New York (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3538969.3539003","DOI":"10.1145\/3538969.3539003"},{"issue":"1","key":"3_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/0924051917753314","volume":"36","author":"I H\u00f8edt-Rasmussen","year":"2018","unstructured":"H\u00f8edt-Rasmussen, I., Voorhoof, D.: Whistleblowing for sustainable democracy. Neth. Q. Hum. Rights 36(1), 3\u20136 (2018)","journal-title":"Neth. Q. Hum. Rights"},{"key":"3_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huo, M., Bland, M., Levchenko, K.: All eyes on me: inside third party trackers\u2019 exfiltration of phi from healthcare providers\u2019 online systems. In: Proceedings of the 21st Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society, WPES 2022, pp. 197\u2013211. Association for Computing Machinery, New York (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3559613.3563190","DOI":"10.1145\/3559613.3563190"},{"key":"3_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-022-10236-0","volume":"28","author":"L Iwaya","year":"2023","unstructured":"Iwaya, L., Babar, A., Rashid, A., Wijayarathna, C.: On the privacy of mental health apps. Empir. Softw. Eng. 28, 2 (2023)","journal-title":"Empir. Softw. Eng."},{"key":"3_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.36645\/mtlr.28.2.mental","volume":"28","author":"K Jiang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jiang, K.: Mental health mobile apps and the need to update federal regulations to protect users. Mich. Technol. Law Rev. 28, 421 (2022)","journal-title":"Mich. Technol. Law Rev."},{"key":"3_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005922701763","volume":"21","author":"PB Jubb","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jubb, P.B.: Whistleblowing: a restrictive definition and interpretation. J. Bus. Ethics 21, 77\u201394 (1999)","journal-title":"J. Bus. Ethics"},{"issue":"3","key":"3_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19031752","volume":"19","author":"J Khan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khan, J., et al.: Examining whistleblowing intention: the influence of rationalization on wrongdoing and threat of retaliation. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 19(3), 1752 (2022)","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"3_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kiziloglu, M.: The relationship between whistleblowing and organizational citizenship behaviour in textile sector. Int. J. Organ. Leadersh.-IJOL (2018)","DOI":"10.33844\/ijol.2018.60245"},{"key":"3_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-28971-2","volume-title":"Communication Climate at Work: Fostering Friendly Friction in Organisations","author":"\u00d8 Kvalnes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kvalnes, \u00d8.: Whistleblowing. In: Kvalnes, \u00d8. (ed.) Communication Climate at Work: Fostering Friendly Friction in Organisations, pp. 119\u2013126. Springer, Cham (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-28971-2"},{"key":"3_CR18","unstructured":"Lehtola, T.: Security, privacy, and legislation adherence assessment of a whistleblowing web application. University of Turku Department of Computing, Faculty of Technology Master of Science in Technology Thesis Information and Communication Technology (2022)"},{"key":"3_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1108\/01425450610633073","volume":"28","author":"D Lewis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lewis, D.: The contents of whistleblowing\/confidential reporting procedures in the UK: some lessons from empirical research. Empl. Relat. 28, 76\u201386 (2006)","journal-title":"Empl. Relat."},{"key":"3_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1023\/B:PORJ.0000036869.45076.39","volume":"4","author":"B Martin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Martin, B., Rifkin, W.: The dynamics of employee dissent: whistleblowers and organizational Jiu-Jitsu. Public Organ. Rev. 4, 221\u2013238 (2004)","journal-title":"Public Organ. Rev."},{"key":"3_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roberts, P.: Motivations for whistleblowing: personal, private and public interests. In: International Handbook on Whistleblowing Research, pp. 207\u2013229. Edward Elgar Publishing (2014)","DOI":"10.4337\/9781781006795.00017"},{"issue":"7","key":"3_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1177\/0191453717708469","volume":"43","author":"D Santoro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Santoro, D., Kumar, M.: A justification of whistleblowing. Philos. Soc. Criticism 43(7), 669\u2013684 (2017)","journal-title":"Philos. Soc. Criticism"},{"key":"3_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schnell, K., Kaushik, R.: Hunting for the privacy policy - hospital website design (2022)","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4068445"},{"key":"3_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1177\/02537176221082902","volume":"44","author":"S Singh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Singh, S., Sagar, R.: Time to have effective regulation of the mental health apps market: maximize gains and minimize harms. Indian J. Psychol. Med. 44, 399\u2013404 (2022)","journal-title":"Indian J. Psychol. Med."},{"key":"3_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Soe, T.H., Nordberg, O.E., Guribye, F., Slavkovik, M.: Circumvention by design - dark patterns in cookie consent for online news outlets. In: Proceedings of the 11th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Shaping Experiences, Shaping Society, NordiCHI 2020. Association for Computing Machinery, New York (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3419249.3420132","DOI":"10.1145\/3419249.3420132"},{"key":"3_CR26","unstructured":"Uddholm, J.: Anonymous Javascript cryptography and cover traffic in whistleblowing applications. Master\u2019s thesis at NADA (2016)"},{"key":"3_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Portfliet, M., Irfan, M., Kenny, K.: When employees speak up: human resource management aspects of whistleblowing. In: The Emerald Handbook of Work, Workplaces and Disruptive Issues in HRM, pp. 533\u2013547. Emerald Publishing Limited (2022)","DOI":"10.1108\/978-1-80071-779-420221054"},{"issue":"2","key":"3_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1177\/0275074019885629","volume":"50","author":"JP West","year":"2020","unstructured":"West, J.P., Bowman, J.S.: Whistleblowing policies in American states: a nationwide analysis. Am. Rev. Public Adm. 50(2), 119\u2013132 (2020)","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Public Adm."}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Secure IT Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-47748-5_3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T00:04:34Z","timestamp":1699401874000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-47748-5_3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]]},"ISBN":["9783031477478","9783031477485"],"references-count":28,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-47748-5_3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 November 2023","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"NordSec","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Nordic Conference on Secure IT Systems","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Oslo","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Norway","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2023","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"16 November 2023","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"17 November 2023","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"28","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"nordsec2023","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/uni.oslomet.no\/nordsec2023\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Double-blind","order":1,"name":"type","label":"Type","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"EquinOCS","order":2,"name":"conference_management_system","label":"Conference Management System","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"55","order":3,"name":"number_of_submissions_sent_for_review","label":"Number of Submissions Sent for Review","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"18","order":4,"name":"number_of_full_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Full Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"0","order":5,"name":"number_of_short_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Short Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"33% - The value is computed by the equation \"Number of Full Papers Accepted \/ Number of Submissions Sent for Review * 100\" and then rounded to a whole number.","order":6,"name":"acceptance_rate_of_full_papers","label":"Acceptance Rate of Full Papers","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3","order":7,"name":"average_number_of_reviews_per_paper","label":"Average Number of Reviews per Paper","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"4","order":8,"name":"average_number_of_papers_per_reviewer","label":"Average Number of Papers per Reviewer","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"Yes","order":9,"name":"external_reviewers_involved","label":"External Reviewers Involved","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}}]}}