{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T04:29:26Z","timestamp":1769228966769,"version":"3.49.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":12,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783031485497","type":"print"},{"value":"9783031485503","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]],"date-time":"2023-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703721600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]],"date-time":"2023-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most startups operate with limited resources and experience. AI technologies enable them to accomplish many tasks under these constraints. The recent advance of large language models (LLMs) offers new opportunities to support startup endeavors. Given the nascent nature of LLMs, how they could be utilized to support startups is yet to be investigated. Since prompt engineering is believed to be at the core of the effective use of LLMs, we aim to understand how to apply prompt engineering to turn LLMs into AI assistants for startups. As the first step, we investigated the application of a set of prompt patterns to ChatGPT, arguably the most widely known LLM currently. The preliminary results show that some patterns are more suitable for brainstorming which is a typical activity conducted by early-stage startups. Prompt-tuned questions may lead to more specific and more detailed responses, but it is not guaranteed. Meantime, human factors play an important role in the effective application of prompt patterns. Large-size and systematic studies are needed to apply the right patterns to different questions, taking into account the differences among startups in terms of their startup knowledge, domain knowledge, and their attitudes and behaviors towards LLMs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-48550-3_19","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]],"date-time":"2023-12-27T11:02:10Z","timestamp":1703674930000},"page":"192-200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Turning Large Language Models into\u00a0AI Assistants for\u00a0Startups Using Prompt Patterns"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8424-419X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9159-5819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Idris","family":"Attal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3198-851X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Usman","family":"Rafiq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5879-1130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvia","family":"Hubner-Benz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"19_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbvi.2023.e00388","volume":"19","author":"CE Short","year":"2023","unstructured":"Short, C.E., Short, J.C.: The artificially intelligent entrepreneur: ChatGPT, prompt engineering, and entrepreneurial rhetoric creation. J. Bus. Ventur. Insights 19, e00388 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbvi.2023.e00388","journal-title":"J. Bus. Ventur. Insights"},{"issue":"9","key":"19_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3560815","volume":"55","author":"P Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu, P., Yuan, W., Fu, J., Jiang, Z., Hayashi, H., Neubig, G.: Pre-train, prompt, and predict: a systematic survey of prompting methods in natural language processing. ACM Comput. Surv. 55(9), 1\u201335 (2023)","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv."},{"key":"19_CR3","unstructured":"White, J., et al.: A prompt pattern catalog to enhance prompt engineering with ChatGPT (2023). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2302.11382"},{"key":"19_CR4","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-18612-2_5","volume-title":"Agile Processes, in Software Engineering, and Extreme Programming","author":"C Giardino","year":"2015","unstructured":"Giardino, C., Bajwa, S.S., Wang, X., Abrahamsson, P.: Key challenges in early-stage software startups. In: Lassenius, C., Dings\u00f8yr, T., Paasivaara, M. (eds.) XP 2015. LNBIP, vol. 212, pp. 52\u201363. Springer, Cham (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-18612-2_5"},{"key":"19_CR5","unstructured":"Nguyen-Duc, A., Hoang, T.N., B\u00f8e, T., Sundb\u00f8, I.: Understanding the role of artificial intelligence in digital startups: a conceptual framework (2023). https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Anh-Nguyen-Duc-3\/publication\/369943717_Understanding_the_Role_of_Artificial_Intelligence_in_Digital_Startups_A_Conceptual_Framework\/links\/6435aeedad9b6d17dc4ef8b5\/"},{"key":"19_CR6","unstructured":"Radford, A., Narasimhan, K., Salimans, T., Sutskever, I., et al.: Improving language understanding by generative pre-training (2018). https:\/\/www.mikecaptain.com\/resources\/pdf\/GPT-1.pdf"},{"key":"19_CR7","unstructured":"Dimitrov, M.: What business leaders should know about using LLMS like ChatGPT (2023). https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/forbesbusinesscouncil\/2023\/02\/07\/what-business-leaders-should-know-about-using-llms-like-chatgpt\/"},{"key":"19_CR8","first-page":"1877","volume":"33","author":"T Brown","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brown, T., et al.: Language models are few-shot learners. 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