{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T11:59:36Z","timestamp":1793102376361,"version":"4.5.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783031505935","type":"print"},{"value":"9783031505942","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-50594-2_1","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T09:04:34Z","timestamp":1704963874000},"page":"3-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A Practical TFHE-Based Multi-Key Homomorphic Encryption with\u00a0Linear Complexity and\u00a0Low Noise Growth"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Yavuz","family":"Ak\u0131n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakub","family":"Klemsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melek","family":"\u00d6nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3214303","volume":"51","author":"A Acar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Acar, A., Aksu, H., Uluagac, A.S., Conti, M.: A survey on homomorphic encryption schemes: Theory and implementation. ACM Comput. Surv. (Csur) 51(4), 1\u201335 (2018)","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv. (Csur)"},{"key":"1_CR2","unstructured":"Albrecht, M.R.: Contributors: Security Estimates for Lattice Problems. https:\/\/github.com\/malb\/lattice-estimator (2022)"},{"issue":"3","key":"1_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1515\/jmc-2015-0016","volume":"9","author":"MR Albrecht","year":"2015","unstructured":"Albrecht, M.R., Player, R., Scott, S.: On the concrete hardness of learning with errors. J. Math. Cryptol. 9(3), 169\u2013203 (2015)","journal-title":"J. Math. Cryptol."},{"key":"1_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-32009-5_50","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology \u2013 CRYPTO 2012","author":"Z Brakerski","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brakerski, Z.: Fully homomorphic encryption without modulus switching from classical GapSVP. In: Safavi-Naini, R., Canetti, R. (eds.) Advances in Cryptology \u2013 CRYPTO 2012, pp. 868\u2013886. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-32009-5_50"},{"key":"1_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-53018-4_8","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology \u2013 CRYPTO 2016: 36th Annual International Cryptology Conference, Santa Barbara, CA, USA, August 14-18, 2016, Proceedings, Part I","author":"Z Brakerski","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brakerski, Z., Perlman, R.: Lattice-based fully dynamic multi-key fhe with short ciphertexts. In: Robshaw, M., Katz, J. (eds.) Advances in Cryptology \u2013 CRYPTO 2016: 36th Annual International Cryptology Conference, Santa Barbara, CA, USA, August 14-18, 2016, Proceedings, Part I, pp. 190\u2013213. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-662-53018-4_8"},{"key":"1_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-34621-8_16","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology \u2013 ASIACRYPT 2019: 25th International Conference on the Theory and Application of Cryptology and Information Security, Kobe, Japan, December 8\u201312, 2019, Proceedings, Part II","author":"H Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen, H., Chillotti, I., Song, Y.: Multi-key homomorphic encryption from TFHE. In: Galbraith, S.D., Moriai, S. (eds.) Advances in Cryptology \u2013 ASIACRYPT 2019: 25th International Conference on the Theory and Application of Cryptology and Information Security, Kobe, Japan, December 8\u201312, 2019, Proceedings, Part II, pp. 446\u2013472. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-34621-8_16"},{"key":"1_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, H., Dai, W., Kim, M., Song, Y.: Efficient multi-key homomorphic encryption with packed ciphertexts with application to oblivious neural network inference. In: Proceedings of the 2019 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, pp. 395\u2013412 (2019)","DOI":"10.1145\/3319535.3363207"},{"key":"1_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-70503-3_20","volume-title":"Theory of Cryptography: 15th International Conference, TCC 2017, Baltimore, MD, USA, November 12-15, 2017, Proceedings, Part II","author":"L Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen, L., Zhang, Z., Wang, X.: Batched Multi-hop Multi-key FHE from Ring-LWE with compact ciphertext extension. In: Kalai, Y., Reyzin, L. (eds.) Theory of Cryptography: 15th International Conference, TCC 2017, Baltimore, MD, USA, November 12-15, 2017, Proceedings, Part II, pp. 597\u2013627. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-70503-3_20"},{"key":"1_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89497","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2925425","volume":"7","author":"JH Cheon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cheon, J.H., Hhan, M., Hong, S., Son, Y.: A hybrid of dual and meet-in-the-middle attack on sparse and ternary secret lwe. IEEE Access 7, 89497\u201389506 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"1_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-70694-8_15","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology \u2013 ASIACRYPT 2017: 23rd International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptology and Information Security, Hong Kong, China, December 3-7, 2017, Proceedings, Part I","author":"JH Cheon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cheon, J.H., Kim, A., Kim, M., Song, Y.: Homomorphic encryption for arithmetic of approximate numbers. In: Takagi, T., Peyrin, T. (eds.) Advances in Cryptology \u2013 ASIACRYPT 2017: 23rd International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptology and Information Security, Hong Kong, China, December 3-7, 2017, Proceedings, Part I, pp. 409\u2013437. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-70694-8_15"},{"issue":"1","key":"1_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/s00145-019-09319-x","volume":"33","author":"I Chillotti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chillotti, I., Gama, N., Georgieva, M., Izabach\u00e8ne, M.: TFHE: fast fully homomorphic encryption over the torus. J. Cryptol. 33(1), 34\u201391 (2020)","journal-title":"J. Cryptol."},{"key":"1_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-48000-7_31","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology \u2013 CRYPTO 2015: 35th Annual Cryptology Conference, Santa Barbara, CA, USA, August 16-20, 2015, Proceedings, Part II","author":"M Clear","year":"2015","unstructured":"Clear, M., McGoldrick, C.: Multi-identity and Multi-key Leveled FHE from learning with errors. In: Gennaro, R., Robshaw, M. (eds.) Advances in Cryptology \u2013 CRYPTO 2015: 35th Annual Cryptology Conference, Santa Barbara, CA, USA, August 16-20, 2015, Proceedings, Part II, pp. 630\u2013656. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-662-48000-7_31"},{"key":"1_CR13","unstructured":"Fan, J., Vercauteren, F.: Somewhat Practical Fully Homomorphic Encryption. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Paper 2012\/144 (2012). https:\/\/ia.cr\/2012\/144"},{"key":"1_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gentry, C.: Fully homomorphic encryption using ideal lattices. In: Proceedings of the forty-first annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing, pp. 169\u2013178 (2009)","DOI":"10.1145\/1536414.1536440"},{"issue":"12\u201315","key":"1_CR15","first-page":"8","volume":"6","author":"S Halevi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Halevi, S., Shoup, V.: Design and implementation of a homomorphic-encryption library. IBM Res. (Manuscript) 6(12\u201315), 8\u201336 (2013)","journal-title":"IBM Res. (Manuscript)"},{"key":"1_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, T., Kwak, H., Lee, D., Seo, J., Song, Y.: Asymptotically faster multi-key homomorphic encryption from homomorphic gadget decomposition. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Paper 2022\/347 (2022). https:\/\/ia.cr\/2022\/347","DOI":"10.1145\/3576915.3623176"},{"key":"1_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-78086-9_22","volume-title":"Cyber Security Cryptography and Machine Learning: 5th International Symposium, CSCML 2021, Be\u2019er Sheva, Israel, July 8\u20139, 2021, Proceedings","author":"J Klemsa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Klemsa, J.: Fast and error-free negacyclic integer convolution using extended fourier transform. In: Dolev, S., Margalit, O., Pinkas, B., Schwarzmann, A. (eds.) Cyber Security Cryptography and Machine Learning: 5th International Symposium, CSCML 2021, Be\u2019er Sheva, Israel, July 8\u20139, 2021, Proceedings, pp. 282\u2013300. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-78086-9_22"},{"key":"1_CR18","unstructured":"Klemsa, J., \u00d6nen, M., Ak\u0131n, Y.: A Practical TFHE-Based Multi-Key Homomorphic Encryption with Linear Complexity and Low Noise Growth. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Paper 2023\/065 (2023). https:\/\/eprint.iacr.org\/2023\/065"},{"key":"1_CR19","unstructured":"Kwak, H., Min, S., Song, Y.: Towards Practical Multi-key TFHE: Parallelizable, Key-Compatible, Quasi-linear Complexity. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Paper 2022\/1460 (2022), https:\/\/ia.cr\/2022\/1460"},{"key":"1_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Alt, A., Tromer, E., Vaikuntanathan, V.: On-the-fly multiparty computation on the cloud via multikey fully homomorphic encryption. In: Proceedings of the Forty-fourth Annual ACM Symposium On Theory Of Computing, pp. 1219\u20131234 (2012)","DOI":"10.1145\/2213977.2214086"},{"key":"1_CR21","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-13190-5_1","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology \u2013 EUROCRYPT 2010","author":"V Lyubashevsky","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lyubashevsky, V., Peikert, C., Regev, O.: On ideal lattices and learning with errors over rings. In: Gilbert, H. (ed.) EUROCRYPT 2010. LNCS, vol. 6110, pp. 1\u201323. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-13190-5_1"},{"key":"1_CR22","unstructured":"Microsoft: SEAL (release 4.1). https:\/\/github.com\/Microsoft\/SEAL (Jan 2023)"},{"key":"1_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mouchet, C., Troncoso-Pastoriza, J., Bossuat, J.P., Hubaux, J.P.: Multiparty homomorphic encryption from ring-learning-with-errors. Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies, pp. 291\u2013311 (2021)","DOI":"10.2478\/popets-2021-0071"},{"key":"1_CR24","unstructured":"Mouchet, C.V., Bossuat, J.P., Troncoso-Pastoriza, J.R., Hubaux, J.P.: Lattigo: A multiparty homomorphic encryption library in go. In: Proceedings of the 8th Workshop on Encrypted Computing and Applied Homomorphic Cryptography, pp. 64\u201370. No.\u00a0CONF (2020)"},{"key":"1_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-49896-5_26","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology \u2013 EUROCRYPT 2016: 35th Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, Vienna, Austria, May 8-12, 2016, Proceedings, Part II","author":"P Mukherjee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mukherjee, P., Wichs, D.: Two round multiparty computation via multi-key FHE. In: Fischlin, M., Coron, J.-S. (eds.) Advances in Cryptology \u2013 EUROCRYPT 2016: 35th Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, Vienna, Austria, May 8-12, 2016, Proceedings, Part II, pp. 735\u2013763. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-662-49896-5_26"},{"key":"1_CR26","unstructured":"NuCypher: TFHE.jl. https:\/\/github.com\/nucypher\/TFHE.jl (2022)"},{"key":"1_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-53644-5_9","volume-title":"Theory of Cryptography: 14th International Conference, TCC 2016-B, Beijing, China, October 31-November 3, 2016, Proceedings, Part II","author":"C Peikert","year":"2016","unstructured":"Peikert, C., Shiehian, S.: Multi-key FHE from LWE, Revisited. In: Hirt, M., Smith, A. (eds.) Theory of Cryptography: 14th International Conference, TCC 2016-B, Beijing, China, October 31-November 3, 2016, Proceedings, Part II, pp. 217\u2013238. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-662-53644-5_9"},{"key":"1_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Regev, O.: On lattices, learning with errors, random linear codes, and cryptography. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-seventh Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, pp. 84\u201393 (2005)","DOI":"10.1145\/1060590.1060603"},{"key":"1_CR29","unstructured":"SNUCrypto: HEAAN (release 1.1). https:\/\/github.com\/snucrypto\/HEAAN (2018)"},{"key":"1_CR30","unstructured":"SNUPrivacy: MK-TFHE. https:\/\/github.com\/SNUPrivacy\/MKTFHE (2022)"},{"key":"1_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Son, Y., Cheon, J.H.: Revisiting the hybrid attack on sparse secret lwe and application to he parameters. In: Proceedings of the 7th ACM Workshop on Encrypted Computing & Applied Homomorphic Cryptography, pp. 11\u201320 (2019)","DOI":"10.1145\/3338469.3358941"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Computer Security \u2013 ESORICS 2023"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-50594-2_1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T09:08:09Z","timestamp":1704964089000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-50594-2_1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"ISBN":["9783031505935","9783031505942"],"references-count":31,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-50594-2_1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 January 2024","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"ESORICS","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"European Symposium on Research in Computer Security","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"The Hague","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"The Netherlands","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2023","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"25 September 2023","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"29 September 2023","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"28","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"esorics2023","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/esorics2023.org\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"order":1,"name":"type","label":"Type","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"Easychair","order":2,"name":"conference_management_system","label":"Conference Management System","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"478","order":3,"name":"number_of_submissions_sent_for_review","label":"Number of Submissions Sent for Review","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"93","order":4,"name":"number_of_full_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Full Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"0","order":5,"name":"number_of_short_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Short Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"19% - The value is computed by the equation \"Number of Full Papers Accepted \/ Number of Submissions Sent for Review * 100\" and then rounded to a whole number.","order":6,"name":"acceptance_rate_of_full_papers","label":"Acceptance Rate of Full Papers","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3-4","order":7,"name":"average_number_of_reviews_per_paper","label":"Average Number of Reviews per Paper","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"10","order":8,"name":"average_number_of_papers_per_reviewer","label":"Average Number of Papers per Reviewer","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"No","order":9,"name":"external_reviewers_involved","label":"External Reviewers Involved","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}}]}}