{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T11:44:34Z","timestamp":1743075874443,"version":"3.40.3"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783031510229"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783031510236"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-51023-6_20","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T07:02:36Z","timestamp":1705993356000},"page":"229-241","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pain Classification and\u00a0Intensity Estimation Through the\u00a0Analysis of\u00a0Facial Action Units"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5301-7844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Paol\u00ec","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8908-6485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"D\u2019Eusanio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4711-692X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Cozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7279-723X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina","family":"Patania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5572-0924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Boccignone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"20_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.009","volume":"24","author":"MS Bartlett","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bartlett, M.S., Littlewort, G.C., Frank, M.G., Lee, K.: Automatic decoding of facial movements reveals deceptive pain expressions. Curr. Biol. 24(7), 738\u2013743 (2014)","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"20_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216083","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3040936","volume":"8","author":"G Boccignone","year":"2020","unstructured":"Boccignone, G., Conte, D., Cuculo, V., D\u2019Amelio, A., Grossi, G., Lanzarotti, R.: An open framework for remote-PPG methods and their assessment. IEEE Access 8, 216083\u2013216103 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"11","key":"20_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4002","DOI":"10.3390\/app10114002","volume":"10","author":"S Bursic","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bursic, S., Boccignone, G., Ferrara, A., D\u2019Amelio, A., Lanzarotti, R.: Improving the accuracy of automatic facial expression recognition in speaking subjects with deep learning. Appl. Sci. 10(11), 4002 (2020)","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"20_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Z.S.: Hierarchical predictive coding in distributed pain circuits. Front. Neural Circ. 17, 1073537 (2023)","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2023.1073537"},{"issue":"3","key":"20_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/1058-9139(92)90001-S","volume":"1","author":"KD Craig","year":"1992","unstructured":"Craig, K.D.: The facial expression of pain better than a thousand words? APS J. 1(3), 153\u2013162 (1992)","journal-title":"APS J."},{"issue":"3","key":"20_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1002\/pne2.12046","volume":"3","author":"KD Craig","year":"2021","unstructured":"Craig, K.D., MacKenzie, N.E.: What is pain: are cognitive and social features core components? Paediatr. Neonatal Pain 3(3), 106\u2013118 (2021)","journal-title":"Paediatr. Neonatal Pain"},{"key":"20_CR7","unstructured":"Craig, K.D., Prkachin, K.M., Grunau, R.V.: The Facial Expression of Pain. The Guilford Press (1992)"},{"key":"20_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Das, P., Bhattacharyya, J., Sen, K., Pal, S.: Assessment of pain using optimized feature set from corrugator EMG. In: 2020 IEEE Applied Signal Processing Conference (ASPCON), pp. 349\u2013353 (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/ASPCON49795.2020.9276691"},{"key":"20_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ekman, P., Friesen, W.V.: Facial action coding system (1978)","DOI":"10.1037\/t27734-000"},{"key":"20_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandes-Magalhaes, R., et al.: Pain E-motion Faces Database (PEMF): pain-related micro-clips for emotion research. Behav. Res. Methods, 1\u201314 (2022)","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-022-01992-4"},{"key":"20_CR11","unstructured":"Gkikas, S.: Biovid holdouteval (2023). https:\/\/www.nit.ovgu.de\/nit_media\/Bilder\/ Dokumente\/BIOVID_Dokumente\/BioVid_HoldOutEval_Proposal.pdf"},{"key":"20_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hammal, Z., Cohn, J.F.: Automatic detection of pain intensity. In: Proceedings of the 14th ACM International Conference on Multimodal Interaction, pp. 47\u201352 (2012)","DOI":"10.1145\/2388676.2388688"},{"issue":"6","key":"20_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2013.00421.x","volume":"18","author":"M Kunz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kunz, M., Lautenbacher, S.: The faces of pain: a cluster analysis of individual differences in facial activity patterns of pain. Eur. J. Pain 18(6), 813\u2013823 (2014)","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pain"},{"key":"20_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lucey, P., et al.: Automatically detecting pain in video through facial action units. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics) 41(3), 664\u2013674 (2010)","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2010.2082525"},{"key":"20_CR15","unstructured":"Lucey, P., Howlett, J., Cohn, J., Lucey, S., Sridharan, S., Ambadar, Z.: Improving pain recognition through better utilisation of temporal information (2008)"},{"key":"20_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Othman, E., Werner, P., Saxen, F., Al-Hamadi, A., Walter, S.: Cross-database evaluation of pain recognition from facial video. In: 2019 11th International Symposium on Image and Signal Processing and Analysis (ISPA), pp. 181\u2013186 (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/ISPA.2019.8868562"},{"key":"20_CR17","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-98358-1_25","volume-title":"MultiMedia Modeling","author":"P Prajod","year":"2022","unstructured":"Prajod, P., Huber, T., Andr\u00e9, E.: Using explainable AI to identify differences between clinical and experimental pain detection models based on facial expressions. In: \u00de\u00f3r J\u00f3nsson, B., et al. (eds.) MMM 2022. LNCS, vol. 13141, pp. 311\u2013322. Springer, Cham (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-98358-1_25"},{"key":"20_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prkachin, K., Solomon, P.: The structure, reliability and validity of pain expression: Evidence from patients with shoulder pain (2008)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.04.010"},{"key":"20_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prkachin, K.M.: The consistency of facial expressions of pain: a comparison across modalities, pp. 297\u2013306 (1992)","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(92)90213-U"},{"key":"20_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nelson, R.: Decade of pain control and research gets into gear in USA (2003)","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14505-9"},{"key":"20_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walter, S., et al.: The biovid heat pain database data for the advancement and systematic validation of an automated pain recognition system. In: 2013 IEEE International Conference on Cybernetics (CYBCO), pp. 128\u2013131 (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/CYBConf.2013.6617456"},{"issue":"3","key":"20_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1109\/TAFFC.2016.2537327","volume":"8","author":"P Werner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Werner, P., Al-Hamadi, A., Limbrecht-Ecklundt, K., Walter, S., Gruss, S., Traue, H.C.: Automatic pain assessment with facial activity descriptors. IEEE Trans. Affect. Comput. 8(3), 286\u2013299 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Affect. Comput."},{"issue":"3","key":"20_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1109\/TAFFC.2016.2537327","volume":"8","author":"P Werner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Werner, P., Al-Hamadi, A., Limbrecht-Ecklundt, K., Walter, S., Gruss, S., Traue, H.C.: Automatic pain assessment with facial activity descriptors. IEEE Trans. Affect. Comput. 8(3), 286\u2013299 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Affect. Comput."},{"key":"20_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Werner, P., Al-Hamadi, A., Niese, R., Walter, S., Gruss, S., Traue, H.C.: Automatic pain recognition from video and biomedical signals. In: 2014 22nd International Conference on Pattern Recognition, pp. 4582\u20134587 (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2014.784"},{"key":"20_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Werner, P., Al-Hamadi, A., Walter, S.: Analysis of facial expressiveness during experimentally induced heat pain. In: 2017 Seventh International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction Workshops and Demos (ACIIW), pp. 176\u2013180 (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/ACIIW.2017.8272610"},{"issue":"01","key":"20_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1109\/TAFFC.2019.2946774","volume":"13","author":"P Werner","year":"2022","unstructured":"Werner, P., Lopez-Martinez, D., Walter, S., Al-Hamadi, A., Gruss, S., Picard, R.W.: Automatic recognition methods supporting pain assessment: a survey. IEEE Trans. Affect. Comput. 13(01), 530\u2013552 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Affect. Comput."},{"issue":"4","key":"20_CR27","first-page":"439","volume":"25","author":"ACC Williams","year":"2002","unstructured":"Williams, A.C.C.: Facial expression of pain: an evolutionary account. Behav. Brain Sci. 25(4), 439\u2013455 (2002)","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"20_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2420","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000613","volume":"157","author":"ACC Williams","year":"2016","unstructured":"Williams, A.C.C., Craig, K.D.: Updating the definition of pain. Pain 157(11), 2420\u20132423 (2016)","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"20_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, R., et al.: On pain assessment from facial videos using spatio-temporal local descriptors. In: 2016 Sixth International Conference on Image Processing Theory, Tools and Applications (IPTA), pp. 1\u20136 (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/IPTA.2016.7820930"},{"key":"20_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-019-01707-5","volume":"36","author":"R Zhi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhi, R., Liu, M., Zhang, D.: A comprehensive survey on automatic facial action unit analysis. Vis. Comput. 36, 1067\u20131093 (2020)","journal-title":"Vis. Comput."}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Image Analysis and Processing - ICIAP 2023 Workshops"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-51023-6_20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T07:05:19Z","timestamp":1705993519000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-51023-6_20"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"ISBN":["9783031510229","9783031510236"],"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-51023-6_20","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0302-9743"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1611-3349"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 January 2024","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"ICIAP","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Udine","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Italy","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2023","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"11 September 2023","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"15 September 2023","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"22","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"iciap2023","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/www.iciap2023.org\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Double-blind","order":1,"name":"type","label":"Type","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"CMT","order":2,"name":"conference_management_system","label":"Conference Management System","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"144","order":3,"name":"number_of_submissions_sent_for_review","label":"Number of Submissions Sent for Review","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"82","order":4,"name":"number_of_full_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Full Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"13","order":5,"name":"number_of_short_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Short Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"57% - The value is computed by the equation \"Number of Full Papers Accepted \/ Number of Submissions Sent for Review * 100\" and then rounded to a whole number.","order":6,"name":"acceptance_rate_of_full_papers","label":"Acceptance Rate of Full Papers","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3","order":7,"name":"average_number_of_reviews_per_paper","label":"Average Number of Reviews per Paper","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3","order":8,"name":"average_number_of_papers_per_reviewer","label":"Average Number of Papers per Reviewer","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"Yes","order":9,"name":"external_reviewers_involved","label":"External Reviewers Involved","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"https:\/\/iciap2023.org\/satellite-event\/workshops\/","order":10,"name":"additional_info_on_review_process","label":"Additional Info on Review Process","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}}]}}