{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T16:23:31Z","timestamp":1783009411982,"version":"3.54.5"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":60,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783031547720","type":"print"},{"value":"9783031547737","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-54773-7_14","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T00:02:47Z","timestamp":1709164967000},"page":"340-372","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["SNARKProbe: An Automated Security Analysis Framework for\u00a0zkSNARK Implementations"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Yongming","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuquan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Garman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"14_CR1","unstructured":"Fixing vulnerabilities in the zcash protocol (2016). https:\/\/electriccoin.co\/blog\/fixing-zcash-vulns\/"},{"key":"14_CR2","unstructured":"Zcash counterfeiting vulnerability successfully remediated (2019). https:\/\/electriccoin.co\/blog\/zcash-counterfeiting-vulnerability-successfully-remediated\/"},{"key":"14_CR3","unstructured":"libsnark: a C++ library for zksnark proofs (2020). https:\/\/github.com\/scipr-lab\/libsnark"},{"key":"14_CR4","unstructured":"Nu4 cryptographic specification and implementation review (2020). https:\/\/research.nccgroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/NCC_Group_Zcash_ZCHX006_Report_2020-09-03_v2.0.pdf"},{"key":"14_CR5","unstructured":"Playsnark: a playground to learn proofs systems (2020). https:\/\/github.com\/nikkolasg\/playsnark"},{"key":"14_CR6","unstructured":"Dark forest (2022). https:\/\/blog.zkga.me\/"},{"key":"14_CR7","unstructured":"Zero-knowledge rollups (2022). https:\/\/ethereum.org\/en\/developers\/docs\/scaling\/zk-rollups\/"},{"key":"14_CR8","unstructured":"Aleo (2023). https:\/\/www.aleo.org\/"},{"key":"14_CR9","unstructured":"atheris, atheris: A coverage-guided, native python fuzzer (2023). https:\/\/github.com\/google\/atheris"},{"key":"14_CR10","unstructured":"bellman, a zk-SNARK library (2023). https:\/\/github.com\/zkcrypto\/bellman"},{"key":"14_CR11","unstructured":"Clang\u2019s source-based code coverage (2023). https:\/\/clang.llvm.org\/docs\/SourceBasedCodeCoverage.html"},{"key":"14_CR12","unstructured":"doxygen, doxygen (2023). https:\/\/github.com\/doxygen\/doxygen"},{"key":"14_CR13","unstructured":"gnark zk-SNARK library (2023). https:\/\/github.com\/Consensys\/gnark"},{"key":"14_CR14","unstructured":"libsnark: A rust implementation of the groth16 zkSNARK (2023). https:\/\/github.com\/arkworks-rs\/groth16"},{"key":"14_CR15","unstructured":"Project everest (2023). https:\/\/project-everest.github.io\/"},{"key":"14_CR16","unstructured":"rapidsnark (2023). https:\/\/github.com\/iden3\/rapidsnark"},{"key":"14_CR17","unstructured":"snarkjs (2023). https:\/\/github.com\/iden3\/snarkjs"},{"key":"14_CR18","unstructured":"wasmsnark (2023). https:\/\/github.com\/iden3\/wasmsnark"},{"key":"14_CR19","unstructured":"Zcash (2023). https:\/\/z.cash\/"},{"key":"14_CR20","unstructured":"zksnarks for the world (2023). https:\/\/research.protocol.ai\/sites\/snarks\/"},{"key":"14_CR21","unstructured":"Aumasson, J.P., Romailler, Y.: Automated testing of crypto software using differential fuzzing. Black Hat USA (2017)"},{"key":"14_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bang, L., Rosner, N., Bultan, T.: Online synthesis of adaptive side-channel attacks based on noisy observations. In: IEEE EuroS &P (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/EuroSP.2018.00029"},{"key":"14_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barbosa, H., Reynolds, A., Ouraoui, D.E., Tinelli, C., Barrett, C.: Extending SMT solvers to higher-order logic. In: CADE (2019)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-29436-6_3"},{"key":"14_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barbosa, M., et al.: SoK: computer-aided cryptography. In: IEEE S &P (2021)","DOI":"10.1109\/SP40001.2021.00008"},{"key":"14_CR25","unstructured":"Beck, G., Zinkus, M., Green, M.: Automating the development of chosen ciphertext attacks. In: USENIX Security (2020)"},{"key":"14_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ben-Sasson, E., Chiesa, A., Genkin, D., Tromer, E., Virza, M.: SNARKs for C: verifying program executions succinctly and in zero knowledge. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2013\/507 (2013)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-40084-1_6"},{"key":"14_CR27","unstructured":"Ben-Sasson, E., Chiesa, A., Tromer, E., Virza, M.: Succinct non-interactive zero knowledge for a von Neumann architecture. In: USENIX Security (2014)"},{"key":"14_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u00f6hme, M., Pham, V.T., Nguyen, M.D., Roychoudhury, A.: Directed greybox fuzzing. In: ACM CCS (2017)","DOI":"10.1145\/3133956.3134020"},{"key":"14_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u00f6hme, M., Pham, V.T., Roychoudhury, A.: Coverage-based greybox fuzzing as Markov chain. In: IEEE TSE (2017)","DOI":"10.1145\/3133956.3134020"},{"key":"14_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2018.02.002","volume":"75","author":"C Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen, C., Cui, B., Ma, J., Wu, R., Guo, J., Liu, W.: A systematic review of fuzzing techniques. Comput. Secur. 75, 118\u2013137 (2018)","journal-title":"Comput. Secur."},{"key":"14_CR31","unstructured":"Ethereum: Python implementation of ECC pairing and bn_128 and bls12_381 curve operations. Ethereum, December 2021. https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/py_ecc. Accessed Dec 2021"},{"key":"14_CR32","unstructured":"Faz-Hern\u00e1ndez, A., Kwiatkowski, K.: Introducing CIRCL: An Advanced Cryptographic Library. Cloudflare, June 2019. https:\/\/github.com\/cloudflare\/circl. v1.2.0 Accessed June 2022"},{"key":"14_CR33","unstructured":"Fredrikson, M., Livshits, B.: Z\u00f8: An optimizing distributing zero-knowledge compiler. In: USENIX Security (2014)"},{"key":"14_CR34","unstructured":"Gabizon, A.: AuroraLight: improved prover efficiency and SRS size in a Sonic-like system. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Paper 2019\/601 (2019). https:\/\/eprint.iacr.org\/2019\/601"},{"key":"14_CR35","unstructured":"Garman, C., Green, M., Kaptchuk, G., Miers, I., Rushanan, M.: Dancing on the lip of the volcano: chosen ciphertext attacks on apple $$\\{$$iMessage$$\\}$$. In: USENIX Security (2016)"},{"key":"14_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Godefroid, P., Peleg, H., Singh, R.: Learn &Fuzz: machine learning for input fuzzing. In: ASE (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/ASE.2017.8115618"},{"key":"14_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goldreich, O., Micali, S., Wigderson, A.: Proofs that yield nothing but their validity and a methodology of cryptographic protocol design. In: FOCS (1986)","DOI":"10.1109\/SFCS.1986.47"},{"key":"14_CR38","unstructured":"Google: syzkaller - kernel fuzzer (2017). https:\/\/github.com\/google\/syzkaller. Accessed July 2022"},{"key":"14_CR39","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-49896-5_11","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology \u2013 EUROCRYPT 2016","author":"J Groth","year":"2016","unstructured":"Groth, J.: On the size of pairing-based non-interactive arguments. In: Fischlin, M., Coron, J.-S. (eds.) EUROCRYPT 2016. LNCS, vol. 9666, pp. 305\u2013326. Springer, Heidelberg (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-662-49896-5_11"},{"key":"14_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Householder, A.D., Foote, J.M.: Probability-based parameter selection for black-box fuzz testing. Technical report. Carnegie Mellon University, SEI (2012)","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA610472"},{"key":"14_CR41","unstructured":"iden3: circom - Circuit Compiler for ZK Proving Systems (2023). https:\/\/github.com\/iden3\/circom. Accessed Aug 2022"},{"key":"14_CR42","unstructured":"Kosba, A.: xJsnark (2022). https:\/\/github.com\/akosba\/xjsnark. Accessed Aug 2022"},{"key":"14_CR43","unstructured":"Kupser, D., Mainka, C., Schwenk, J., Somorovsky, J.: How to break XML encryption-automatically. In: USENIX WOOT (2015)"},{"key":"14_CR44","unstructured":"o1 labs: snarky (2023). https:\/\/github.com\/o1-labs\/snarky. Accessed Aug 2022"},{"key":"14_CR45","unstructured":"Macgillivray, A., deBlanc Knowles, T.: Advancing a vision for privacy enhancing technologies (2022). https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/ostp\/news-updates\/2022\/06\/28\/advancing-a-vision-for-privacy-enhancing-technologies\/"},{"issue":"3","key":"14_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1109\/TR.2018.2847247","volume":"67","author":"N Mouha","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mouha, N., Raunak, M.S., Kuhn, D.R., Kacker, R.: Finding bugs in cryptographic hash function implementations. IEEE Trans. Reliab. 67(3), 870\u2013884 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Reliab."},{"key":"14_CR47","unstructured":"Moura, L.D., Bj\u00f8rner, N.: Z3: an efficient SMT solver. In: TACAS (2008)"},{"key":"14_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naveed, M., Kamara, S., Wright, C.V.: Inference attacks on property-preserving encrypted databases. In: ACM CCS (2015)","DOI":"10.1145\/2810103.2813651"},{"key":"14_CR49","unstructured":"Nicas, J., Isaac, M., Frenkel, S.: Millions flock to telegram and signal as fears grow over big tech (2021). https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/01\/13\/technology\/telegram-signal-apps-big-tech.html"},{"key":"14_CR50","unstructured":"Nitulescu, A.: zk-snarks: a gentle introduction. Technical report (2020)"},{"key":"14_CR51","unstructured":"NSA: Patch critical cryptographic vulnerability in Microsoft Windows clients and servers (2020). https:\/\/media.defense.gov\/2020\/Jan\/14\/2002234275\/-1\/-1\/0\/CSA-WINDOWS-10-CRYPT-LIB-20190114.PDF"},{"key":"14_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parno, B., Howell, J., Gentry, C., Raykova, M.: Pinocchio: nearly practical verifiable computation. In: IEEE S &P (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2013.47"},{"key":"14_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pasareanu, C.S., Phan, Q.S., Malacaria, P.: Multi-run side-channel analysis using Symbolic Execution and Max-SMT. In: IEEE CSF (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/CSF.2016.34"},{"key":"14_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Phan, Q.S., Bang, L., Pasareanu, C.S., Malacaria, P., Bultan, T.: Synthesis of adaptive side-channel attacks. In: IEEE CSF (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/CSF.2017.8"},{"key":"14_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Protzenko, J., Beurdouche, B., Merigoux, D., Bhargavan, K.: Formally verified cryptographic web applications in WebAssembly. In: IEEE S &P (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2019.00064"},{"key":"14_CR56","unstructured":"Rupprecht, D., Kohls, K., Holz, T., P\u00f6pper, C.: Call me maybe: eavesdropping encrypted LTE calls with ReVoLTE. In: USENIX Security (2020)"},{"key":"14_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Somorovsky, J.: Systematic fuzzing and testing of TLS libraries. In: ACM CCS (2016)","DOI":"10.1145\/2976749.2978411"},{"key":"14_CR58","unstructured":"Walz, A., Sikora, A.: Exploiting dissent: towards fuzzing-based differential black-box testing of TLS implementations. In: IEEE TDSC (2017)"},{"key":"14_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woo, M., Cha, S.K., Gottlieb, S., Brumley, D.: Scheduling black-box mutational fuzzing. In: ACM CCS (2013)","DOI":"10.1145\/2508859.2516736"},{"key":"14_CR60","unstructured":"Zalewski, M.: American fuzzy lop (2016). https:\/\/github.com\/mirrorer\/afl. v2.52b Accessed July 2022"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Applied Cryptography and Network Security"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-54773-7_14","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T16:12:14Z","timestamp":1709655134000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-54773-7_14"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"ISBN":["9783031547720","9783031547737"],"references-count":60,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-54773-7_14","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 February 2024","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"ACNS","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Applied Cryptography and Network Security","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Abu Dhabi","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"United Arab Emirates","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2024","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"5 March 2024","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"8 March 2024","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"22","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"acns2024","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/wp.nyu.edu\/acns2024\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Double-blind","order":1,"name":"type","label":"Type","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"HotCRP","order":2,"name":"conference_management_system","label":"Conference Management System","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"230","order":3,"name":"number_of_submissions_sent_for_review","label":"Number of Submissions Sent for Review","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"54","order":4,"name":"number_of_full_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Full Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"0","order":5,"name":"number_of_short_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Short Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"23% - The value is computed by the equation \"Number of Full Papers Accepted \/ Number of Submissions Sent for Review * 100\" and then rounded to a whole number.","order":6,"name":"acceptance_rate_of_full_papers","label":"Acceptance Rate of Full Papers","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"4","order":7,"name":"average_number_of_reviews_per_paper","label":"Average Number of Reviews per Paper","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"4-6","order":8,"name":"average_number_of_papers_per_reviewer","label":"Average Number of Papers per Reviewer","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"Yes","order":9,"name":"external_reviewers_involved","label":"External Reviewers Involved","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}}]}}