{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T04:29:45Z","timestamp":1768969785234,"version":"3.49.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783031573262","type":"print"},{"value":"9783031573279","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-57327-9_14","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T03:01:47Z","timestamp":1711681307000},"page":"219-230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Towards a Comprehensive Ontology for Requirements Engineering for AI-Powered Systems"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Eran","family":"Sadovski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Itzhak","family":"Aviv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4267-0235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irit","family":"Hadar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"14_CR1","unstructured":"Daewon, L., Park, J. Hyuk.: Future trends of AI-based smart systems and services: challenges, opportunities, and solutions. J. Inf. Process. Syst. 15(4), 717\u2013723 (2019)"},{"key":"14_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vogelsang, A., Borg, M.: Requirements engineering for machine learning: perspectives from data scientists. In: Proceedings of the IEEE 27th International Requirements Engineering Conference Workshops (REW) (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/REW.2019.00050"},{"key":"14_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmad, K., Bano, M., Abdelrazek, M., Arora, C., Grundy, J.: What\u2019s up with requirements engineering for artificial intelligence systems? In: Proceedings of the IEEE 29th International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE), pp. 1\u201312 (2021)","DOI":"10.1109\/RE51729.2021.00008"},{"key":"14_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hand, D.J., Khan, S.: Validating and verifying AI systems. Patterns 1(3) (2020)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patter.2020.100037"},{"key":"14_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horkoff, J.: Non-functional requirements for machine learning: challenges and new directions. In: Proceedings of the IEEE 27th International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE) (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/RE.2019.00050"},{"key":"14_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Habibullah, K.M., Gregory, G., Horkoff, J.: Non-functional requirements for machine learning: an exploration of system scope and interest. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/ACM 1st International Workshop on Software Engineering for Responsible Artificial Intelligence (2022)","DOI":"10.1145\/3526073.3527589"},{"key":"14_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2021.103471","volume":"296","author":"R Confalonieri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Confalonieri, R., Weyde, T., Besold, T.R., del Prado Mart\u00edn, F.M.: Using ontologies to enhance human understandability of global post-hoc explanations of black-box models. Artif. Intell. 296, 103471 (2021)","journal-title":"Artif. Intell."},{"key":"14_CR8","unstructured":"Siegemund, K.: Contributions to ontology-driven requirements engineering. Doctoral dissertation, Dresden, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Diss. (2014)"},{"issue":"6","key":"14_CR9","first-page":"2","volume":"10","author":"V Casta\u00f1eda","year":"2010","unstructured":"Casta\u00f1eda, V., Ballejos, L., Caliusco, M.L., Galli, M.R.: The use of ontologies in requirements engineering. Glob. J. Res. Eng. 10(6), 2\u20138 (2010)","journal-title":"Glob. J. Res. Eng."},{"key":"14_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blanco, C., Rosado, D.G., Varela-Vaca, \u00c1.J., G\u00f3mez-L\u00f3pez, M.T., Fern\u00e1ndez-Medina, E.: Onto-CARMEN: ontology-driven approach for cyber\u2013physical system security requirements meta-modelling and reasoning. Internet Things 24 (2023)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2023.100989"},{"key":"14_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2021.105906","volume":"88","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page, M.J., et al.: The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Int. J. Surg. 88, 105906 (2021)","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"issue":"5","key":"14_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s11528-018-0312-7","volume":"62","author":"H Leary","year":"2018","unstructured":"Leary, H., Walker, A.: Meta-analysis and meta-synthesis methodologies: rigorously piecing together research. TechTrends 62(5), 525\u2013534 (2018)","journal-title":"TechTrends"},{"issue":"1","key":"14_CR13","first-page":"39","volume":"1","author":"MI Alhojailan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alhojailan, M.I., Ibrahim, M.: Thematic analysis: a critical review of its process and evaluation. West East J. Soc. Sci. 1(1), 39\u201347 (2012)","journal-title":"West East J. Soc. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"14_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1177\/15586898221126816","volume":"17","author":"K Proudfoot","year":"2023","unstructured":"Proudfoot, K.: Inductive\/deductive hybrid thematic analysis in mixed methods research. J. Mixed Methods Res. 17(3), 308\u2013326 (2023)","journal-title":"J. Mixed Methods Res."},{"key":"14_CR15","volume-title":"Ontology 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology","author":"NF Noy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Noy, N.F., McGuinness, D.: Ontology 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology. Standford University, Viitattu (2012)"},{"key":"14_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"De Sousa Silva, A.F., Silva, G.R.S., Canedo, E.D.: Requirements elicitation techniques and tools in the context of artificial intelligence. In: Xavier-Junior, J.C., Rios, R.A. (eds.) BRACIS 2022. LNCS, vol. 13653, pp. 15\u201329. Springer, Cham (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-21686-2_2","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-21686-2_2"},{"key":"14_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s00766-018-0298-x","volume":"24","author":"M Levy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Levy, M., Hadar, I., Aviv, I.: A requirements engineering methodology for knowledge management solutions: integrating technical and social aspects. Requirements Eng. 24, 503\u2013521 (2019)","journal-title":"Requirements Eng."},{"key":"14_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahman, M.S., Khomh, F., Hamidi, A., Cheng, J., Antoniol, G., Washizaki, H.: Machine learning application development: practitioners\u2019 insights. Softw. Qual. J. 1\u201355 (2023)","DOI":"10.1007\/s11219-023-09621-9"},{"key":"14_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lavalle, A., Mat\u00e9, A., Trujillo, J., Garc\u00eda-Carrasco, J.: Law modeling for fairness requirements elicitation in artificial intelligence systems. In: International Conference on Conceptual Modeling, pp. 423\u2013432 (2022)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-17995-2_30"},{"key":"14_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weber, M., Engert, M., Schaffer, N., Weking, J., Krcmar, H.: Organizational capabilities for AI implementation\u2014coping with inscrutability and data dependency in AI. AI Inf. Syst. Front. (2022)","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-022-10297-y"},{"key":"14_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berry, D.M.: Requirements engineering for artificial intelligence: what is a requirements specification for an artificial intelligence? In: Proceedings of the International Working Conference on Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality, pp. 19\u201325 (2022)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-98464-9_2"},{"key":"14_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120164","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2937107","volume":"7","author":"C Tao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tao, C., Gao, J., Wang, T.: Testing and quality validation for ai software\u2013perspectives, issues, and practices. IEEE Access 7, 120164\u2013120175 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"1","key":"14_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.53889\/citj.v1i1.198","volume":"1","author":"M Mylrea","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mylrea, M., Robinson, N.: AI trust framework and maturity model: improving security, ethics, and trust in AI. Cybersecur. Innov. Technol. J. 1(1), 1\u201315 (2023)","journal-title":"Cybersecur. Innov. Technol. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"14_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s42467-019-0003-z","volume":"1","author":"M Ghallab","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ghallab, M.: Responsible AI: requirements and challenges. AI Perspect. 1(1), 1\u20137 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42467-019-0003-z","journal-title":"AI Perspect."},{"key":"14_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmad, K., Abdelrazek, M., Arora, C., Bano, M., Grundy, J.: Requirements engineering for artificial intelligence systems: a systematic mapping study. Inf. Softw. Technol. 158 (2023)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2023.107176"},{"issue":"6","key":"14_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3533378","volume":"55","author":"A Paleyes","year":"2022","unstructured":"Paleyes, A., Urma, R.G., Lawrence, N.D.: Challenges in deploying machine learning: a survey of case studies. ACM Comput. Surv. 55(6), 1\u201329 (2022)","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv."},{"key":"14_CR27","unstructured":"Paech, B., Dutoit, A.H., Kerkow, D., Knethen, A.V.: Functional requirements, non-functional requirements, and architecture should not be separated - a position paper. In: Proceedings of the International Working Conference on Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality (REFSQ) (2002)"},{"key":"14_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belani, H., Vukovic, M., Car, \u017d.: Requirements engineering challenges in building AI-based complex systems. In: Proceedings of the IEEE 27th International Requirements Engineering Conference Workshops (REW) (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/REW.2019.00051"},{"key":"14_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kutz, J., Neuh\u00fcttler, J., Spilski, J., Lachmann, T.: AI-based services-design principles to meet the requirements of a trustworthy AI. In: International Conference on the Human Side of Service Engineering (2023)","DOI":"10.54941\/ahfe1003107"},{"key":"14_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Grady, K.L., Harbour, S.D., Abballe, A.R., Cohen, K.: Trust, ethics, consciousness, and artificial intelligence. In: 2022 IEEE\/AIAA 41st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC), pp. 1\u20139 (2022)","DOI":"10.1109\/DASC55683.2022.9925874"},{"issue":"2","key":"14_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s00766-022-00395-3","volume":"28","author":"KM Habibullah","year":"2023","unstructured":"Habibullah, K.M., Gay, G., Horkoff, J.: Non-functional requirements for machine learning: understanding current use and challenges among practitioners. Requirements Eng. 28(2), 283\u2013316 (2023)","journal-title":"Requirements Eng."},{"key":"14_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Priestley, M., O\u2019Donnell, F., Simperl, E.: A survey of data quality requirements that matter in ML development pipelines. ACM J. Data Inf. Qual. (2023)","DOI":"10.1145\/3592616"},{"key":"14_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akbarighatar, P., Pappas, I., Vassilakopoulou, P.: A sociotechnical perspective for responsible AI maturity models: findings from a mixed-method literature review. Int. J. Inf. Manag. Data Insights 3(2) (2023)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2023.100193"},{"key":"14_CR34","unstructured":"Preece, A., Harborne, D., Braines, D., Tomsett, R., Chakraborty, S.: Stakeholders in explainable AI. arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.00184 (2018)"},{"key":"14_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deshpande, A., Sharp, H.: Responsible AI systems: who are the stakeholders?. In: Proceedings of the 2022 AAAI\/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society, pp. 227\u2013236 (2022)","DOI":"10.1145\/3514094.3534187"},{"key":"14_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belle, V., Papantonis, I.: Principles and practice of explainable machine learning. Front. Big Data 39 (2021)","DOI":"10.3389\/fdata.2021.688969"},{"key":"14_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2019.12.012","volume":"58","author":"AB Arrieta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arrieta, A.B., et al.: Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI): concepts, taxonomies, opportunities and challenges toward responsible AI. Inf. Fusion 58, 82\u2013115 (2020)","journal-title":"Inf. Fusion"},{"issue":"2","key":"14_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1109\/JAS.2020.1003021","volume":"7","author":"Y Ma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ma, Y., Wang, Z., Yang, H., Yang, L.: Artificial intelligence applications in the development of autonomous vehicles: a survey. IEEE\/CAA J. Automatica Sinica 7(2), 315\u2013329 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE\/CAA J. Automatica Sinica"},{"key":"14_CR39","unstructured":"Arvidsson, S., Axell, J.: Prompt engineering guidelines for LLMs in Requirements Engineering (2023)"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-57327-9_14","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T03:05:04Z","timestamp":1711681504000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-57327-9_14"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"ISBN":["9783031573262","9783031573279"],"references-count":39,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-57327-9_14","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 March 2024","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"REFSQ","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Working Conference on Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Winterthur","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Switzerland","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2024","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"8 April 2024","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"12 April 2024","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"30","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"refsq2024","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/2024.refsq.org\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Single-blind","order":1,"name":"type","label":"Type","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"EasyChair","order":2,"name":"conference_management_system","label":"Conference Management System","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"59","order":3,"name":"number_of_submissions_sent_for_review","label":"Number of Submissions Sent for Review","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"14","order":4,"name":"number_of_full_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Full Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"8","order":5,"name":"number_of_short_papers_accepted","label":"Number of Short Papers Accepted","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"24% - The value is computed by the equation \"Number of Full Papers Accepted \/ Number of Submissions Sent for Review * 100\" and then rounded to a whole number.","order":6,"name":"acceptance_rate_of_full_papers","label":"Acceptance Rate of Full Papers","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3","order":7,"name":"average_number_of_reviews_per_paper","label":"Average Number of Reviews per Paper","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"3","order":8,"name":"average_number_of_papers_per_reviewer","label":"Average Number of Papers per Reviewer","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}},{"value":"No","order":9,"name":"external_reviewers_involved","label":"External Reviewers Involved","group":{"name":"ConfEventPeerReviewInformation","label":"Peer Review Information (provided by the conference organizers)"}}]}}