{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T23:31:20Z","timestamp":1775086280227,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783031590795","type":"print"},{"value":"9783031590801","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,5]],"date-time":"2024-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":125,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Digital twins for different healthcare applications are currently being studied actively since they could revolutionize research on customized and personalized healthcare and enable realistic evaluations of new medical devices and applications in early phase. This paper presents a study on the development of digital twins aiming to be utilized for the development of microwave technique-based brain tumor detection. Realistic anatomical models of the digital twins were designed based on magnetic resonance images (MRI) scanned from the brain with brain tumor. These twins aim to correspond to the human brain and brain tumor in terms of size, shape, and tissue dielectric properties. Furthermore, developed digital twins include both phantom models for measurement emulation as well as corresponding simulation models designed using electromagnetic simulation software. By using the developed digital twins, our aim is to evaluate microwave-based sensing technique for brain tumor detection. Evaluations were carried out using flexible ultrawideband (UWB) antennas which would be beneficial for practical solutions. Our simulation and emulation results show that microwave technique with flexible antennas has high potential for brain tumor detection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-59080-1_18","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,4]],"date-time":"2024-05-04T18:01:59Z","timestamp":1714845719000},"page":"240-254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Digital Twins for Development of Microwave-Based Brain Tumor Detection"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Mariella","family":"S\u00e4rest\u00f6niemi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daljeet","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Charline","family":"Heredia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Juha","family":"Nikkinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mikael","family":"von und zu Fraunberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Teemu","family":"Myllyl\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"18_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alazab, M.,\u00a0et al.: Digital twins for Healthcare 4.0\u2014recent advances, architecture, and open challenges.\u00a0IEEE Consum. Electron. Mag. 12(6), 29\u201337 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MCE.2022.3208986","DOI":"10.1109\/MCE.2022.3208986"},{"key":"18_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Angulo, C., Gonzalez-Abril, L., Raya, C., Ortega, J.A.: A proposal to evolving towards digital twins in healthcare.\u00a0In: International Work-Conference\u00a0on\u00a0Bioinformatics\u00a0and\u00a0Biomedical Engineering, pp. 418\u2013426 (2020)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-45385-5_37"},{"key":"18_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neghab, K.H., Jamshidi, M., Keshmiri Neghab, H.: Digital twin of a magnetic medical microrobot with stochastic model predictive controller boosted by machine learning in cyber-physical healthcare systems.\u00a0Information 13(7), 321 (2022)","DOI":"10.3390\/info13070321"},{"key":"18_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Okegbile, S.D., Cai, J., Niyato, D., Yi, C.: Human digital twin for personalized healthcare: vision, architecture and future directions.\u00a0IEEE Netw. 37(2), 262\u2013269 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MNET.118.2200071","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.118.2200071"},{"key":"18_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpbup.2021.100014","volume":"1","author":"W Shengli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shengli, W.: Is human digital twin possible? Comput. Methods Progr. Biomed. Update 1, 100014 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmpbup.2021.100014","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Progr. Biomed. Update"},{"key":"18_CR6","unstructured":"S\u00e4rest\u00f6niemi, M., Dessai, R., Heredia, C., Hakala, J., Myllym\u00e4ki, S., Myllyl\u00e4, T.: Novel Realistic 3D phantom emulation platform for human torso and head at microwave range. MPDI Sens. (2024)"},{"key":"18_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5459391","volume":"2019","author":"T Pokorny","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pokorny, T., Vrba, D., Tesarik, T., Rodrigues, D.B., Vrba, J.: Anatomically and dielectrically realistic 2.5 D 5-layer reconfigurable head phantom for testing microwave stroke detection and classification. Int. J. Antenn. Propag. 2019, 1\u20137 (2019)","journal-title":"Int. J. Antenn. Propag."},{"key":"18_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Myllyl\u00e4, T., et al.: Prototype of an opto-capacitive probe for non-invasive sensing cerebrospinal fluid circulation. In:\u00a0Dynamics and Fluctuations in Biomedical Photonics XIV, vol. 10063, pp. 40\u201346. SPIE, March 2017","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2251977"},{"issue":"2","key":"18_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTQE.2013.2279313","volume":"20","author":"VO Korhonen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Korhonen, V.O., et al.: Light propagation in NIR spectroscopy of the human brain. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 20(2), 289\u2013298 (2013)","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron."},{"key":"18_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Myllyl\u00e4, T., Popov, A., Korhonen, V., Bykov, A., Kinnunen, M.: Optical sensing of a pulsating liquid in a brain-mimicking phantom. In:\u00a0European Conference on Biomedical Optics,\u00a0p. 87990X. Optica Publishing Group, May 2013","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2033324"},{"issue":"8","key":"18_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.12.039","volume":"131","author":"J Ricardo McFaline-Figueroa","year":"2018","unstructured":"RicardoMcFaline-Figueroa, J., Lee, E.Q.: Brain tumors. Am. J. Med. 131(8), 874\u2013882 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.12.039","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"18_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fink, J.R., Muzi, M., Peck, M., Krohn, K.A.: Multimodality brain tumor imaging: MR imaging, PET, and PET\/MR imaging. J. Nucl. Med. 56(10), 1554\u20131561 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2967\/jnumed.113.131516","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.113.131516"},{"issue":"1","key":"18_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2013.2277562","volume":"63","author":"BJ Mohammed","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mohammed, B.J., Abbosh, A.M., Mustafa, S., Ireland, D.: Microwave system for head imaging. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 63(1), 117\u2013123 (2014)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"key":"18_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4871","DOI":"10.1007\/s11831-022-09758-z","volume":"29","author":"S Ali","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ali, S., Li, J., Pei, Y., et al.: A comprehensive survey on brain tumor diagnosis using deep learning and emerging hybrid techniques with multi-modal MR image. Arch. Comput. Methods Eng. 29, 4871\u20134896 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11831-022-09758-z","journal-title":"Arch. Comput. Methods Eng."},{"key":"18_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00e4rest\u00f6niemi, M., Myllym\u00e4ki, S., Reponen, J., Myllyl\u00e4, T.: Remote diagnostics and monitoring using microwave technique \u2013 improving healthcare in rural areas and in exceptional situations. Finnish J. eHealth eWelfare (FinJeHeW) 15 (2023)","DOI":"10.23996\/fjhw.122743"},{"key":"18_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.2528\/PIERB12022006","volume":"40","author":"R Scapaticci","year":"2012","unstructured":"Scapaticci, R., Di Donato, L., Catapano, I., Crocco, L.: A feasibility study on microwave imaging for brain stroke monitoring. Progr. Electromagnet. Res. B 40, 305\u2013324 (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2528\/PIERB12022006","journal-title":"Progr. Electromagnet. Res. B"},{"issue":"2","key":"18_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1109\/JERM.2022.3227724","volume":"7","author":"L Guo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guo, L., Alqadami, A.S.M., Abbosh, A.: Stroke diagnosis using microwave techniques: review of systems and algorithms. IEEE J. Electromagnet. RF Microwaves Med. Biol. 7(2), 122\u2013135 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JERM.2022.3227724","journal-title":"IEEE J. Electromagnet. RF Microwaves Med. Biol."},{"key":"18_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00e4rest\u00f6niemi, M., et al.: Detection of brain hemorrhage in white matter using analysis of radio channel characteristics. In: BodyNets2020, October 2020","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-64991-3_3"},{"key":"18_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stauffer, P.R., et al.: Non-invasive measurement of brain temperature with microwave radiometry: demonstration in a head phantom and clinical case. Neuroradiol. J. 27(1), 3\u201312 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15274\/NRJ-2014-10001. Epub 2014","DOI":"10.15274\/NRJ-2014-10001"},{"key":"18_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shevelev, O., et al.: Using medical microwave radiometry for brain temperature measurements. Drug Discov. Today 27(3), 881\u2013889 (2022)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2021.11.004"},{"key":"18_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moradi, S., Ferdinando, H., Zienkiewicz, A., S\u00e4rest\u00f6niemi, M., Myllyl\u00e4, T.: Book chapter \u201cCurrent and emerging methods for monitoring cerebral circulation in human,\u201d. In: IntechOpen Book, titled Cerebral Circulation - Updates on Models, Diagnostics and Treatments of Related Diseases, January 2022","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.102383"},{"key":"18_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ojaroudi, M., Bila, S.: Dynamic short-range sensing approach using MIMO radar for brain activities monitoring. In: 2020 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), 15\u201320 March 2020, pp. 1\u20135. IEEE, Copenhagen (2020)","DOI":"10.23919\/EuCAP48036.2020.9135454"},{"key":"18_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ojaroudi, M., Bila, S.: Multiple time-variant targets detection using MIMO radar framework for cerebrovascular monitoring. In: 2021 15th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), Dusseldorf, Germany, 22\u201326 March 2021, pp. 1\u20135. IEEE (2021)","DOI":"10.23919\/EuCAP51087.2021.9411329"},{"issue":"4","key":"18_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1109\/JERM.2019.2901360","volume":"3","author":"A Stancombe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stancombe, A., Bialkowski, E., Abbosh, A.M.: Portable microwave head imaging system using software-defined radio and switching network. IEEE J. Electromagnet. RF Microwaves Med. Biol. 3(4), 284\u2013291 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE J. Electromagnet. RF Microwaves Med. Biol."},{"key":"18_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Inum, R., Rana, Md.M., Shushama, K.N., Quader, Md.A.: EBG based microstrip patch antenna for brain tumor detection via scattering parameters in microwave imaging system.\u00a0Int. J. Biomed. Imaging 2018, 12 pages (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/8241438. Article ID 8241438","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8241438"},{"key":"18_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Velan, B., Marcilin, L.J.A., Sheeba, I.R., Mani, S., Sanju, M.S.: Design of microwave wideband antenna for brain tumor imaging applications. In: 2021 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Smart Systems (ICAIS), Coimbatore, India, pp. 906\u2013910 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICAIS50930.2021.9396000","DOI":"10.1109\/ICAIS50930.2021.9396000"},{"issue":"5","key":"18_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.14716\/ijtech.v11i5.4329","volume":"11","author":"HR Sholeh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sholeh, H.R., Rizkinia, M., Basari, B.: Design of microwave-based brain tumor detection framework with the development of sparse and low-rank compressive sensing image reconstruction. Int. J. Technol. 11(5), 984\u2013994 (2020)","journal-title":"Int. J. Technol."},{"key":"18_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, Y.J., Liu, J.X., Ye, Q.Y.: Research on the detection of the brain tumor with the ultrawide-band microwave signal based on the high-precision symplectic finite-difference time-domain electromagnetic algorithm and beam forming imaging algorithm.\u00a0Int. J. RF Microwave Comput. Aided Eng.\u00a030, e22463 (2020)","DOI":"10.1002\/mmce.22463"},{"issue":"7","key":"18_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.20021","volume":"25","author":"DS Yoo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yoo, D.S.: The dielectric properties of cancerous tissues in a nude mouse xenograft model. Bioelectromagnetics 25(7), 492\u2013497 (2004). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bem.20021. PMID: 15376246","journal-title":"Bioelectromagnetics"},{"key":"18_CR30","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.itis.ethz.ch\/virtual-population\/tissue-properties\/databaseM. Accessed 1 Oct 2023"},{"issue":"3","key":"18_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.3390\/telecom2030019","volume":"2","author":"M S\u00e4rest\u00f6niemi","year":"2021","unstructured":"S\u00e4rest\u00f6niemi, M., Sonkki, M., Myllym\u00e4ki, S., Pomalaza-Raez, C.: Wearable flexible antenna for UWB on-body and implant communications. Telecom. 2(3), 285\u2013301 (2021)","journal-title":"Telecom."},{"key":"18_CR32","unstructured":"Dassault Simulia CST Suite. https:\/\/www.3ds.com\/. Accessed 1 Nov 2022"},{"key":"18_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-43135-7_16","volume-title":"BICT 2023","author":"M S\u00e4rest\u00f6niemi","year":"2023","unstructured":"S\u00e4rest\u00f6niemi, M., Dessai, R., Myllym\u00e4ki, S., Myllyl\u00e4, T.: A\u00a0novel durable fat tissue phantom for microwave based medical monitoring applications. In: Chen, Y., Yao, D., Nakano, T. (eds.) BICT 2023, pp. 166\u2013177. Springer, Cham (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-43135-7_16"},{"key":"18_CR34","unstructured":"Orfanidis, S.: Electromagnetic Waves and Antennas. http:\/\/www.ece.rutgers.edu\/~orfanidi\/ewa\/"}],"container-title":["Communications in Computer and Information Science","Digital Health and Wireless Solutions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-59080-1_18","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,4]],"date-time":"2024-05-04T18:03:53Z","timestamp":1714845833000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-59080-1_18"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"ISBN":["9783031590795","9783031590801"],"references-count":34,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-59080-1_18","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-0929","1865-0937"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-0929","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-0937","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 May 2024","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosure of Interests"}},{"value":"NCDHWS","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Nordic Conference on Digital Health and Wireless Solutions\u200b","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Oulu","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Finland","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2024","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"7 May 2024","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"8 May 2024","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"1","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"ncdhws2024","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/www.6gflagship.com\/event\/digital-health-and-wireless-solutions\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}