{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T07:46:08Z","timestamp":1767339968917,"version":"3.40.3"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783031622168"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783031622175"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-62217-5_10","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T02:01:34Z","timestamp":1717984894000},"page":"110-124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hate Speech Detection Using Machine Learning and\u00a0Deep Learning Techniques"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Divya","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sonam","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rekha","family":"Baghel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.3390\/info13060273","volume":"13","author":"F Alkomah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alkomah, F., Ma, X.: A literature review of textual hate speech detection methods and datasets. Information 13(6), 273 (2022)","journal-title":"Information"},{"key":"10_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2023.126232","volume":"546","author":"MS Jahan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jahan, M.S., Oussalah, M.: A systematic review of hate speech automatic detection using natural language processing. Neurocomputing 546, 126232 (2023)","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"21","key":"10_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4654","DOI":"10.3390\/s19214654","volume":"19","author":"JC Pereira-Kohatsu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pereira-Kohatsu, J.C., Quijano-S\u00e1nchez, L., Liberatore, F., Camacho-Collados, M.: Detecting and monitoring hate speech in Twitter. Sensors 19(21), 4654 (2019)","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2020.100311","volume":"38","author":"FE Ayo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ayo, F.E., Folorunso, O., Ibharalu, F.T., Osinuga, I.A.: Machine learning techniques for hate speech classification of Twitter data: state-of-the-art, future challenges and research directions. Comput. Sci. Rev. 38, 100311 (2020)","journal-title":"Comput. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"10_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Al-Hassan, A., Al-Dossari, H.: Detection of hate speech in social networks: a survey on multilingual corpus. In: 6th International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology, vol. 10. ACM (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5121\/csit.2019.90208","DOI":"10.5121\/csit.2019.90208"},{"key":"10_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s10579-020-09502-8","volume":"55","author":"F Poletto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Poletto, F., Basile, V., Sanguinetti, M., Bosco, C., Patti, V.: Resources and benchmark corpora for hate speech detection: a systematic review. Lang. Resour. Eval. 55, 477\u2013523 (2021)","journal-title":"Lang. Resour. Eval."},{"issue":"2","key":"10_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1177\/1527476420982230","volume":"22","author":"A Matamoros-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Matamoros-Fern\u00e1ndez, A., Farkas, J.: Racism, hate speech, and social media: a systematic review and critique. Telev. New Med. 22(2), 205\u2013224 (2021)","journal-title":"Telev. New Med."},{"key":"10_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paz, M.A., Montero-D\u00edaz, J., Moreno-Delgado, A.: Hate speech: a systematized review. Sage Open 10(4), 2158244020973022 (2020)","DOI":"10.1177\/2158244020973022"},{"key":"10_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salminen, J., Hopf, M., Chowdhury, S.A., Jung, S.G., Almerekhi, H., Jansen, B.J.: Developing an online hate classifier for multiple social media platforms. Hum. Centric Comput. Inf. Sci. 10, 1\u201334 (2020)","DOI":"10.1186\/s13673-019-0205-6"},{"key":"10_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cao, R., Lee, R.K.W, Hoang, T.A.: DeepHate: hate speech detection via multi-faceted text representations. In: Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Web Science, pp. 11\u201320 (2020)","DOI":"10.1145\/3394231.3397890"},{"issue":"2","key":"10_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-021-00457-3","volume":"2","author":"G Kov\u00e1cs","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kov\u00e1cs, G., Alonso, P., Saini, R.: Challenges of hate speech detection in social media: data scarcity, and leveraging external resources. SN Comput. Sci. 2(2), 95 (2021)","journal-title":"SN Comput. Sci."},{"key":"10_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Waseem, Z., Hovy, D.: Hateful symbols or hateful people? Predictive features for hate speech detection on Twitter. In: Proceedings of the NAACL Student Research Workshop, pp. 88\u201393 (2016)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/N16-2013"},{"issue":"4","key":"10_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3232676","volume":"51","author":"P Fortuna","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fortuna, P., Nunes, S.: A survey on automatic detection of hate speech in text. ACM Comput. Surv. (CSUR) 51(4), 1\u201330 (2018)","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv. (CSUR)"},{"key":"10_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zampieri, M., Malmasi, S., Nakov, P., Rosenthal, S., Farra, N., Kumar, R.: SemEval-2019 task 6: identifying and categorizing offensive language in social media (OffensEval). arXiv preprint arXiv:1903.08983 (2019)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/S19-2010"},{"key":"10_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wulczyn, E., Thain, N., Dixon, L.: Ex Machina: personal attacks seen at scale. In: Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web, pp. 1391\u20131399 (2017)","DOI":"10.1145\/3038912.3052591"},{"key":"10_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13825","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2806394","volume":"6","author":"H Watanabe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Watanabe, H., Bouazizi, M., Ohtsuki, T.: Hate speech on Twitter: a pragmatic approach to collect hateful and offensive expressions and perform hate speech detection. IEEE Access 6, 13825\u201313835 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peterson, D., Boyd-Graber, J., Palmer, M., Kawahara, D.: Leveraging VerbNet to build corpus-specific verb clusters. In: Proceedings of the Fifth Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics, pp. 102\u2013107 (2016)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/S16-2012"},{"key":"10_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gomez, R., Gibert, J., Gomez, L., Karatzas, D.: Exploring hate speech detection in multimodal publications. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision, pp. 1470\u20131478 (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV45572.2020.9093414"},{"key":"10_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gomez, R., Gibert, J., Gomez, L., Karatzas, D.: Exploring hate speech detection in multimodal publications. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision, pp. 1470\u20131478, (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV45572.2020.9093414"},{"key":"10_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davidson, T., Warmsley, D., Macy, M., Weber, I.: Automated hate speech detection and the problem of offensive language. In: Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, vol. 11, pp. 512\u2013515 (2017)","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v11i1.14955"},{"key":"10_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mathew, B., Saha, P., Yimam, S.M., Biemann, C., Goyal, P., Mukherjee, A.: HateXplain: a benchmark dataset for explainable hate speech detection. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 35, pp. 14867\u201314875 (2021)","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v35i17.17745"},{"key":"10_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brassard-Gourdeau, E., Khoury, R.: Subversive toxicity detection using sentiment information. In: Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Abusive Language Online, pp. 1\u201310 (2019)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W19-3501"},{"key":"10_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Gibert, O., Perez, N., Garc\u00eda-Pablos, A., Cuadros, M.: Hate speech dataset from a white supremacy forum. arXiv preprint arXiv:1809.04444 (2018)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W18-5102"},{"key":"10_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wiegand, M., Ruppenhofer, J., Schmidt, A., Greenberg, C.: Inducing a lexicon of abusive words\u2013a feature-based approach. In: Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long Papers), pp. 1046\u20131056 (2018)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/N18-1095"},{"key":"10_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pawar, R., Agrawal, Y., Joshi, A., Gorrepati, R., Raje, R.R.: Cyberbullying detection system with multiple server configurations. In: 2018 IEEE International Conference on Electro Information Technology (EIT), pp. 0090\u20130095. IEEE (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/EIT.2018.8500110"},{"key":"10_CR26","unstructured":"Kamble, S., Joshi, A.: Hate speech detection from code-mixed Hindi-English tweets using deep learning models. arXiv preprint arXiv:1811.05145 (2018)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1080\/0952813X.2017.1409284","volume":"30","author":"S Malmasi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Malmasi, S., Zampieri, M.: Challenges in discriminating profanity from hate speech. J. Exp. Theor. Artif. Intell. 30(2), 187\u2013202 (2018)","journal-title":"J. Exp. Theor. Artif. Intell."},{"issue":"12","key":"10_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4730","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-018-1242-y","volume":"48","author":"GK Pitsilis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pitsilis, G.K., Ramampiaro, H., Langseth, H.: Effective hate-speech detection in Twitter data using recurrent neural networks. Appl. Intell. 48(12), 4730\u20134742 (2018)","journal-title":"Appl. Intell."},{"key":"10_CR29","unstructured":"Fernandez, M., Alani, H.: Contextual semantics for radicalisation detection on Twitter (2018)"},{"key":"10_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ousidhoum, N., Lin, Z., Zhang, H., Song, Y., Yeung, D.Y.: Multilingual and multi-aspect hate speech analysis. arXiv preprint arXiv:1908.11049 (2019)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D19-1474"},{"issue":"5","key":"10_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.3233\/SW-180338","volume":"10","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang, Z., Luo, L.: Hate speech detection: a solved problem? The challenging case of long tail on Twitter. Semant. Web 10(5), 925\u2013945 (2019)","journal-title":"Semant. Web"},{"issue":"6","key":"10_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.1007\/s00530-020-00742-w","volume":"28","author":"A Al-Hassan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Al-Hassan, A., Al-Dossari, H.: Detection of hate speech in Arabic tweets using deep learning. Multimedia Syst. 28(6), 1963\u20131974 (2022)","journal-title":"Multimedia Syst."},{"key":"10_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mulki, H., Haddad, H., Ali, C.B., Alshabani, H.: L-HSAB: a Levantine Twitter dataset for hate speech and abusive language. In: Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Abusive Language Online, pp. 111\u2013118 (2019)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W19-3512"},{"key":"10_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faris, H., Aljarah, I., Habib, M., Castillo, P.A.: Hate speech detection using word embedding and deep learning in the Arabic language context. In: ICPRAM, pp. 453\u2013460 (2020)","DOI":"10.5220\/0008954004530460"},{"key":"10_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4001","DOI":"10.1007\/s13369-021-05383-3","volume":"46","author":"R Duwairi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Duwairi, R., Hayajneh, A., Quwaider, M.: A deep learning framework for automatic detection of hate speech embedded in Arabic tweets. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 46, 4001\u20134014 (2021)","journal-title":"Arab. J. Sci. Eng."}],"container-title":["Communications in Computer and Information Science","Machine Learning, Image Processing, Network Security and Data Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-62217-5_10","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T02:03:11Z","timestamp":1717984991000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-62217-5_10"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"ISBN":["9783031622168","9783031622175"],"references-count":35,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-62217-5_10","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-0929","1865-0937"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1865-0929"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1865-0937"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 June 2024","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"MIND","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Machine Learning, Image Processing, Network Security and Data Sciences","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Hamirpur","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"India","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2023","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"21 December 2023","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"22 December 2023","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"5","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"mind2023","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/mind2023.nith.ac.in\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}