{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T23:42:19Z","timestamp":1743118939691,"version":"3.40.3"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783031622687"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783031622694"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-62269-4_25","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T14:02:22Z","timestamp":1718892142000},"page":"349-363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Action Unit Recognition: Leveraging Weak Supervision with\u00a0Large Loss Rejection"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Oseluole","family":"Enabor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hima","family":"Vadapalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almaev, T., Martinez, B., Valstar, M.: Learning to transfer: transferring latent task structures and its application to person-specific facial action unit detection. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), December 2015","key":"25_CR1","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.430"},{"unstructured":"Chen, J., Wang, C., Wang, K., Liu, M.: Computational efficient deep neural network with difference attention maps for facial action unit detection. arXiv preprint arXiv:2011.12082 (2020)","key":"25_CR2"},{"unstructured":"Granger, E., Cardinal, P., et\u00a0al.: Weakly supervised learning for facial behavior analysis: a review. arXiv preprint arXiv:2101.09858 (2021)","key":"25_CR3"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, Y., Kim, J.M., Akata, Z., Lee, J.: Large loss matters in weakly supervised multi-label classification. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 14156\u201314165 (2022)","key":"25_CR4","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01376"},{"unstructured":"Lee, D.-H., et\u00a0al.: Pseudo-label: the simple and efficient semi-supervised learning method for deep neural networks. In: Workshop on Challenges in Representation Learning, ICML, vol.\u00a03, p. 896 (2013)","key":"25_CR5"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lei, J., Guo, Z., Wang, Y.: Weakly supervised image classification with coarse and fine labels. In: 2017 14th Conference on Computer and Robot Vision (CRV), pp. 240\u2013247. IEEE (2017)","key":"25_CR6","DOI":"10.1109\/CRV.2017.21"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lundqvist, D., Flykt, A., \u00d6hman, A.: Karolinska directed emotional faces. Cogn. Emot. (1998)","key":"25_CR7","DOI":"10.1037\/t27732-000"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, C., Chen, L., Yong, J.: AU R-CNN: encoding expert prior knowledge into R-CNN for action unit detection. Neurocomputing 355, 35\u201347 (2019)","key":"25_CR8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2019.03.082"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mavadati, M., Sanger, P., Mahoor, M.H.: Extended DISFA dataset: investigating posed and spontaneous facial expressions. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops, pp. 1\u20138 (2016)","key":"25_CR9","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2016.182"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Refaeilzadeh, P., Tang, L., Liu, H.: Cross-validation. In: Liu, L., \u00d6zsu, M.T. (eds.) Encyclopedia of Database Systems, vol. 5, pp. 532\u2013538. Springer, Boston (2009). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-0-387-39940-9_565","key":"25_CR10","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-39940-9_565"},{"issue":"8","key":"25_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.3390\/s19081863","volume":"19","author":"N Samadiani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Samadiani, N., et al.: A review on automatic facial expression recognition systems assisted by multimodal sensor data. Sensors 19(8), 1863 (2019)","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"unstructured":"Sebe, N., Cohen, I., Garg, A., Huang, T.S.: Application: facial expression recognition. In: Machine Learning in Computer Vision, pp. 187\u2013209 (2005)","key":"25_CR12"},{"key":"25_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-020-01378-z","volume":"129","author":"Z Shao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shao, Z., Liu, Z., Cai, J., Ma, L.: JAA-Net: joint facial action unit detection and face alignment via adaptive attention. Int. J. Comput. Vision 129, 321\u2013340 (2021)","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vision"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharifara, A., Rahim, M.S.M., Anisi, Y.: A general review of human face detection including a study of neural networks and Haar feature-based cascade classifier in face detection. In: 2014 International Symposium on Biometrics and Security Technologies (ISBAST), pp. 73\u201378. IEEE (2014)","key":"25_CR14","DOI":"10.1109\/ISBAST.2014.7013097"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, H.-H., Gu, J.-W.: The applications of facial expression recognition in human-computer interaction. In: 2018 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Manufacturing (ICAM), pp. 288\u2013291. IEEE (2018)","key":"25_CR15","DOI":"10.1109\/AMCON.2018.8614755"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Werner, P., Saxen, F., Al-Hamadi, A.: Facial action unit recognition in the wild with multi-task CNN self-training for the EmotioNet challenge. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops, pp. 410\u2013411 (2020)","key":"25_CR16","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW50498.2020.00213"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, K., Chu, W.-S., Zhang, H.: Deep region and multi-label learning for facial action unit detection. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 3391\u20133399 (2016)","key":"25_CR17","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.369"},{"issue":"11","key":"25_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3212","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2018.2876865","volume":"30","author":"Z-Q Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao, Z.-Q., Zheng, P., Shou-tao, X., Xindong, W.: Object detection with deep learning: a review. IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst. 30(11), 3212\u20133232 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, Y., Pi, J., Shi, B.E.: Pose-independent facial action unit intensity regression based on multi-task deep transfer learning. In: 2017 12th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face & Gesture Recognition (FG 2017), pp. 872\u2013877. IEEE (2017)","key":"25_CR19","DOI":"10.1109\/FG.2017.112"},{"issue":"1","key":"25_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwx106","volume":"5","author":"Z-H Zhou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhou, Z.-H.: A brief introduction to weakly supervised learning. Natl. Sci. Rev. 5(1), 44\u201353 (2018)","journal-title":"Natl. Sci. Rev."},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhu, X., Goldberg, A.B.: Introduction to Semi-Supervised Learning. Synthesis Lectures on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1\u2013130 (2009). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-01548-9","key":"25_CR21","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-01548-9"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems","Intelligent Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-62269-4_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T14:13:42Z","timestamp":1718892822000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-62269-4_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"ISBN":["9783031622687","9783031622694"],"references-count":21,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-62269-4_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2367-3370","2367-3389"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2367-3370"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2367-3389"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 June 2024","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"SAI","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Science and Information Conference","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"London","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"United Kingdom","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2024","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"26 June 2024","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"27 June 2024","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"sai2024","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"http:\/\/saiconference.com\/Computing","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}