{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T12:03:37Z","timestamp":1784203417767,"version":"3.55.0"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":9,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783031628450","type":"print"},{"value":"9783031628467","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]],"date-time":"2024-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":186,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Academic articles are commonly published in Portable Document Format (PDF). However, for many people with visual impairments, PDF formats present significant accessibility issues. This study addresses two research questions: 1) To what extent are PDFs in prominent academic repositories accessible? and 2) To what extent are accessibility issues in academic articles known and addressed by repositories? To answer these questions, 8,000 PDFs from four prominent repositories (Springer, Elsevier, ACM, and Wiley) were retrieved and were automatically analysed according to accessibility criteria based on the Matterhorn Protocol. Additionally, a quantitative content analysis was performed on the submission guidelines of repositories to determine the degree to which accessibility is considered in document creation. Results suggest that most PDFs were not tagged in spite of the fact that some repositories included accessibility in their general author guidelines. This paper concludes with recommendations to improve the accessibility of papers in academic repositories.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-62846-7_5","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]],"date-time":"2024-07-04T17:02:52Z","timestamp":1720112572000},"page":"38-46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["PDF Accessibility in International Academic Publishers"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8639-2492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oriane","family":"Pierr\u00e8s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5411-5116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Schmitt-Koopmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7402-5206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alireza","family":"Darvishy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"5_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nganji, J.T.: An assessment of the accessibility of PDF versions of selected journal articles published in a WCAG 2.0 era (2014\u20132018). Learned Publishing 31, 391\u2013401 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/leap.1197","DOI":"10.1002\/leap.1197"},{"key":"5_CR2","unstructured":"Wang, L.L., et al.: Improving the accessibility of scientific documents: current state, user needs, and a system solution to enhance scientific PDF accessibility for blind and low vision users. arXiv abs\/2105.00076 (2021)"},{"key":"5_CR3","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-08596-8_29","volume-title":"Computers Helping People with Special Needs","author":"L Doblies","year":"2014","unstructured":"Doblies, L., Stolz, D., Darvishy, A., Hutter, H.-P.: PAVE: a Web application to identify and correct accessibility problems in PDF documents. In: Miesenberger, K., Fels, D., Archambault, D., Pe\u0148\u00e1z, P., Zagler, W. (eds.) ICCHP 2014. LNCS, vol. 8547, pp. 185\u2013192. Springer, Cham (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-08596-8_29"},{"key":"5_CR4","unstructured":"PDF Association: Matterhorn Protocol 1.1 PDF\/UA Conformance Testing Model (2021). https:\/\/pdfa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Matterhorn-Protocol-1-1.pdf"},{"key":"5_CR5","unstructured":"World Wide Web Consortium (W3C): Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1 (2023). https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/WCAG21\/"},{"key":"5_CR6","unstructured":"British Dyslexia Association: Dyslexia Style Guide (2023). https:\/\/cdn.bdadyslexia.org.uk\/uploads\/documents\/Advice\/style-guide\/BDA-Style-Guide-2023.pdf?v=1680514568"},{"key":"5_CR7","unstructured":"Coolidge, A., Doner, S., Robertson, T., Gray, J.: Accessibility toolkit. BCcampus (2018)"},{"key":"5_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schmitt-Koopmann, F.M., Huang, E.M., Darvishy, A.: Accessible PDFs: applying artificial intelligence for automated remediation of STEM PDFs. In: Proceedings of the 24th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, Athens, Greece, pp. 1\u20136. ACM (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3517428.3550407","DOI":"10.1145\/3517428.3550407"},{"key":"5_CR9","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-41264-1_50","volume-title":"Computers Helping People with Special Needs","author":"A Darvishy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Darvishy, A., Nevill, M., Hutter, H.-P.: Automatic paragraph detection for accessible PDF documents. In: Miesenberger, K., B\u00fchler, C., Penaz, P. (eds.) ICCHP 2016. LNCS, vol. 9758, pp. 367\u2013372. Springer, Cham (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-41264-1_50"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Computers Helping People with Special Needs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-62846-7_5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,12]],"date-time":"2024-10-12T15:05:19Z","timestamp":1728745519000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-62846-7_5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"ISBN":["9783031628450","9783031628467"],"references-count":9,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-62846-7_5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 July 2024","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosure of Interests"}},{"value":"ICCHP","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Linz","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Austria","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2024","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"8 July 2024","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"12 July 2024","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"19","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"icchp2024","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/www.icchp.org\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}