{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T10:17:48Z","timestamp":1774088268152,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783031630279","type":"print"},{"value":"9783031630286","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-63028-6_27","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T16:05:16Z","timestamp":1717171516000},"page":"330-340","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Generative Artificial Intelligence Empowered Chatbot: System Usability and Student Teachers\u2019 Experience"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9941-2125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stavros A.","family":"Nikou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Arjun","family":"Guliya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Suraj","family":"Van Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2827-6223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maiga","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"27_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Luo, X., Tong, S., Fang, Z., Qu, Z.: Frontiers: machines Vs. humans: the impact of artificial intelligence chatbot disclosure on customer purchases. Market. Sci. 38(6), 913\u20131084. (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1287\/mksc.2019.1192","DOI":"10.1287\/mksc.2019.1192"},{"key":"27_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chiu, T.K.F.: Future research recommendations for transforming higher education with generative AI. Comput. Educ. Artif. Intell. 6 (2024) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.caeai.2023.100197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2023.100197"},{"key":"27_CR3","unstructured":"Radford, A., Narasimhan, K., Salimans, T., Sutskever, I. : Improving language understanding by generative pre-training (2018). https:\/\/cdn.openai.com\/research-covers\/language-unsupervised\/language_understanding_paper.pdf"},{"key":"27_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Skjuve, M., F\u00f8lstad, A., Brandtzaeg, P.B.: The user experience of ChatGPT: findings from a questionnaire study of early users. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Conversational User Interfaces (CUI 2023), pp. 1\u201310. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 2 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3571884.3597144","DOI":"10.1145\/3571884.3597144"},{"key":"27_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2023.225385","author":"I Adeshola","year":"2023","unstructured":"Adeshola, I., Adepoju, A.P.: The opportunities and challenges of ChatGPT in education. Interact. Learn. Environ. (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10494820.2023.225385","journal-title":"Interact. Learn. Environ."},{"key":"27_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2023.113838","volume":"161","author":"MM Mariani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mariani, M.M., Hashemi, N., Wirtz, J.: Artificial intelligence empowered conversational agents: a systematic literature review and research agenda. J. Bus. Res. 161, 113838 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbusres.2023.113838","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"27_CR7","series-title":"LNCS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-32883-1_31","volume-title":"ITS 2023","author":"SA Nikou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nikou, S.A., Chang, M.: Learning by building chatbot: a system usability study and teachers\u2019 views about the educational uses of chatbots. In: Frasson, C., Mylonas, P., Troussas, C. (eds.) ITS 2023. LNCS, vol. 13891, pp. 342\u2013351. Springer, Cham (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-32883-1_31"},{"issue":"7","key":"27_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4099","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2021.1952615","volume":"31","author":"GJ Hwang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hwang, G.J., Chang, C.Y.: A review of opportunities and challenges of chatbots in education. Interact. Learn. Environ. 31(7), 4099\u20134112 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10494820.2021.1952615","journal-title":"Interact. Learn. Environ."},{"key":"27_CR9","unstructured":"Hassenzahl, M.: User experience and experience design. The Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction. Interaction Design Foundation (2013) Accessed. https:\/\/www.interaction-design.org\/literature\/book\/the-encyclopedia-of-human-computer-interaction-2nd-ed\/user-experience-and-experience-design"},{"key":"27_CR10","unstructured":"ISO.2018. 9241-11:2018: Ergonomics of Human-System Interaction\u2013Part11: Usability: Definitions and concepts. International Standardization Organization (ISO) (2018)"},{"key":"27_CR11","unstructured":"Brooke, J.: SUS: a \u2018quick and dirty\u2019 usability scale. In: Jordan, P.W., Thomas, B., Weerdmeester, B.A., McClelland, A.L. (eds.) Usability Evaluation in Industry, pp. 189\u2013194. Taylor and Francis, London\/UK (1996)"},{"issue":"6","key":"27_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1080\/10447310802205776","volume":"24","author":"A Bangor","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bangor, A., Kortum, P., Miller, J.: An empirical evaluation of the system usability scale. Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Interact. 24(6), 574\u2013594 (2008). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10447310802205776","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Interact."},{"key":"27_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davis, F.D.: Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quart.\u00a013(3), 319\u2013340 (1989). Accessed. http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/249008","DOI":"10.2307\/249008"},{"key":"27_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.1989.10607413","volume":"60","author":"E McAuley","year":"1987","unstructured":"McAuley, E., Duncan, T., Tammen, V.V.: Psychometric properties of the intrinsic motivation inventory in a competitive sport setting: a confirmatory factor analysis. Res. Q. Exerc. Sport 60, 48\u201358 (1987)","journal-title":"Res. Q. Exerc. Sport"},{"key":"27_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12430","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3145323","volume":"10","author":"R Ren","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ren, R., Zapata, M., Castro, J.W., Dieste, O., Acu\u00f1a, S.T.: Experimentation for chatbot usability evaluation: a secondary study. IEEE Access 10, 12430\u201312464 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3145323","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"27_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Casas, J., Tricot, M.-O., Khaled, O.A., Mugellini, E., Cudr\u00e9-Mauroux, P.: Trends & methods in chatbot evaluation. In: Companion Publication of the 2020 International Conference on Multimodal Interaction (ICMI 2020 Companion), pp. 280\u2013286. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3395035.3425319","DOI":"10.1145\/3395035.3425319"},{"key":"27_CR17","unstructured":"Sauro, J.: 5 Ways to Interpret a SUS Score. Measuring U (2018). Accessed. https:\/\/measuringu.com\/interpret-sus-score\/"},{"key":"27_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sauro, J., Lewis, J.: Quantifying the User Experience: Practical Statistics for User Research. Elsevier\/Morgan Kaufmann, Amsterdam, Waltham, MA (2016)","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802308-2.00002-3"},{"issue":"2","key":"27_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","volume":"3","author":"V Braun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braun, V., Clarke, V.: Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual. Res. Psychol. 3(2), 77\u2013101 (2006). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","journal-title":"Qual. Res. Psychol."},{"key":"27_CR20","unstructured":"Saldana, J.: The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers, 3rd edn. Sage Publications Ltd. (2015)"},{"key":"27_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2023.100178","volume":"5","author":"CY Lai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lai, C.Y., Cheung, K.Y., Chan, C.S.: Exploring the role of intrinsic motivation in ChatGPT adoption to support active learning: an extension of the technology acceptance model. Comput. Educ. Artif. Intell. 5, 100178 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.caeai.2023.100178","journal-title":"Comput. Educ. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"27_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-02806-9_12","volume-title":"Human Centered Design","author":"JR Lewis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lewis, J.R., Sauro, J.: The factor structure of the system usability scale. In: Kurosu, M. (ed.) Human Centered Design. LNCS, vol. 5619, pp. 94\u2013103. Springer, Heidelberg (2009). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-02806-9_12"},{"key":"27_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2023.2172044","author":"TK Chiu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chiu, T.K., Moorhouse, B.L., Chai, C.S., Ismailov, M.: Teacher support and student motivation to learn with Artificial Intelligence (AI) based chatbot. Interact. Learn. Environ. (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10494820.2023.2172044","journal-title":"Interact. Learn. Environ."},{"key":"27_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2021.654924","volume":"4","author":"S Wollny","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wollny, S., Schneider, J., Di Mitri, D., Weidlich, J., Rittberger, M., Drachsler, H.: Are we there yet? - A systematic literature review on chatbots in education. Front. Artif. Intell. 4, 654924 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frai.2021.654924","journal-title":"Front. Artif. Intell."},{"issue":"5","key":"27_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1145\/1735223.1735255","volume":"53","author":"W Hwang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hwang, W., Salvendy, G.: Number of people required for usability evaluation: the 10\u00b12 rule. Commun. ACM 53(5), 130\u2013133 (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1735223.1735255","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Generative Intelligence and Intelligent Tutoring Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-63028-6_27","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T16:08:40Z","timestamp":1717171720000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-63028-6_27"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"ISBN":["9783031630279","9783031630286"],"references-count":25,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-63028-6_27","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 June 2024","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"ITS","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Thessaloniki","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Greece","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2024","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"10 June 2024","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"13 June 2024","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"20","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"its2024","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/iis-international.org\/its2024-generative-intelligence-and-its\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}