{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T09:56:40Z","timestamp":1743155800627,"version":"3.40.3"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9783031630279"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9783031630286"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-63028-6_36","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T16:05:16Z","timestamp":1717171516000},"page":"415-424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring Item Difficulty Prediction: Data Driven Approach for\u00a0Item Difficulty Estimation"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4708-1740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Lamgarraj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5782-8024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Joiron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0993-0661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aymeric","family":"Parant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7497-1182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilles","family":"Dequen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"36_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alagumalai, S., Curtis, D.: Classical test theory. In: Applied Rasch Measurement: A Book of Exemplars. Education in the Asia-Pacific Region: Issues, Concerns and Prospects, vol. 4. Springer, Dordrecht (2005). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/1-4020-3076-21","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-3076-21"},{"key":"36_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alsubait, T., Parsia, B., Sattler, U.: A similarity-based theory of controlling MCQ difficulty. In: e-Learning and e-Technologies in Education (ICEEE), 2013 Second International Conference on, pp. 282\u2013288 (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICeLeTE.2013.6644389"},{"key":"36_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Attali, Y., Saldivia, L., Jackson, C., Schuppan, F., Wanamaker, W.: Estimating item difficulty with comparative judgments. ETS Res. Rep. Ser. 2014(2), 1\u20138 (2014)","DOI":"10.1002\/ets2.12042"},{"key":"36_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beck, J., Stern, M., Woolf, B.P.: Using the student model to control problem difficulty. In: User Modeling: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference UM97, pp. 277\u2013288. Springer, Vienna (1997)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-2670-7_29"},{"key":"36_CR5","unstructured":"Benedetto, L., Aradelli, G., Cremonesi, P., Cappelli, A., Giussani, A., Turrin, R.: On the application of transformers for estimating the difficulty of multiple-choice questions from text. In: Proceedings of the 16th Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications, pp. 147\u2013158 (2021)"},{"key":"36_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, T., et al.: Xgboost: extreme gradient boosting, r package version (2015)","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.xgboost"},{"key":"36_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Choi, Y., et al.: EdNet: a large-scale hierarchical dataset in education. In: Bittencourt, I.I., Cukurova, M., Muldner, K., Luckin, R., Mill\u00e1n, E. (eds.) Artificial Intelligence in Education: 21st International Conference (AIED 2020), Part II. LNCS, 12164, pp. 69\u201373. Springer, Cham (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-52240-7_13","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-52240-7_13"},{"key":"36_CR8","unstructured":"Devlin, J., Chang, M.W., Lee, K., Toutanova, K.: Bert: pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.04805 (2018)"},{"key":"36_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s11257-009-9063-7","volume":"19","author":"M Feng","year":"2009","unstructured":"Feng, M., Heffernan, N., Koedinger, K.: Addressing the assessment challenge with an online system that tutors as it assesses. User Model. User-Adap. Inter. 19, 243\u2013266 (2009)","journal-title":"User Model. User-Adap. Inter."},{"issue":"6","key":"36_CR10","first-page":"359","volume":"37","author":"GH Fischer","year":"1973","unstructured":"Fischer, G.H.: The linear logistic test model as an instrument in educational research. Acta Physiol. (Oxford) 37(6), 359\u2013374 (1973)","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. (Oxford)"},{"key":"36_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-011-9272-4","volume":"39","author":"SB Kotsiantis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kotsiantis, S.B.: Decision trees: a recent overview. Artif. Intell. Rev. 39, 261\u2013283 (2013)","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"36_CR12","first-page":"361","volume":"49","author":"KD Kubinger","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kubinger, K.D., Gottschall, C.H.: Item difficulty of multiple choice tests dependant on different item response formats-an experiment in fundamental research on psychological assessment. Psychol. Sci. 49(4), 361 (2007)","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"36_CR13","unstructured":"Lane, S., Raymond, M.R., Haladyna, T.M. (eds.): Handbook of Test Development. Routledge (2015)"},{"key":"36_CR14","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, J.: New machine learning algorithm: random forest. In: Proceedings of the Information Computing and Applications: Third International Conference (ICICA 2012), Chengde, 14\u201316 September 2012, vol. 3, pp. 246\u2013252. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)"},{"key":"36_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Menard, S.: Applied Logistic Regression Analysis, vol. 106. Sage (2002)","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412983433"},{"issue":"10047","key":"36_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31140-0","volume":"388","author":"D Richards","year":"2016","unstructured":"Richards, D., Ekers, D., McMillan, D., et al.: Cost and outcome of behavioural activation versus cognitive behavioural therapy for depression (cobra): a randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial. Lancet 388(10047), 871\u2013880 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31140-0","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"36_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1007\/s11165-016-9602-2","volume":"48","author":"K Taber","year":"2018","unstructured":"Taber, K.: The use of cronbach\u2019s alpha when developing and reporting research instruments in science education. Res. Sci. Educ. 48, 1273\u20131296 (2018)","journal-title":"Res. Sci. Educ."},{"issue":"2","key":"36_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1177\/014662168100500212","volume":"5","author":"WM Yen","year":"1981","unstructured":"Yen, W.M.: Using simulation results to choose a latent trait model. Appl. Psychol. Meas. 5(2), 245\u2013262 (1981). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/014662168100500212","journal-title":"Appl. Psychol. Meas."}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Generative Intelligence and Intelligent Tutoring Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-63028-6_36","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T21:32:05Z","timestamp":1732138325000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-63028-6_36"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"ISBN":["9783031630279","9783031630286"],"references-count":18,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-63028-6_36","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0302-9743"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1611-3349"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 June 2024","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"ITS","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Thessaloniki","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Greece","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2024","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"10 June 2024","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"13 June 2024","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"20","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"its2024","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/iis-international.org\/its2024-generative-intelligence-and-its\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}