{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T18:46:07Z","timestamp":1776105967308,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783031702440","type":"print"},{"value":"9783031702457","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-70245-7_12","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T20:18:02Z","timestamp":1725999482000},"page":"161-176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A Controlled Experiment on\u00a0the\u00a0Energy Efficiency of\u00a0the\u00a0Source Code Generated by\u00a0Code Llama"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Vlad-Andrei","family":"Cursaru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Duits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Milligan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Damla","family":"Ural","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Berta Rodriguez","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3681-372X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Stoico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5773-8346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivano","family":"Malavolta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"12_CR1","unstructured":"Replication package of this study. https:\/\/github.com\/S2-group\/quatic-2024-code-llama-energy-gen-code-rep-pkg"},{"key":"12_CR2","unstructured":"Amazon: Code llama code generation models from meta are now available via amazon sagemaker jumpstart (2023). https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/blogs\/machine-learning\/code-llama-code-generation-models-from-meta-are-now-available-via-amazon-sagemaker-jumpstart\/"},{"key":"12_CR3","unstructured":"Bilsen, V., et\u00a0al.: Study on greening cloud computing and electronic communications services and networks (2022)"},{"key":"12_CR4","unstructured":"Chen, M., et\u00a0al.: Evaluating large language models trained on code (2021). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2107.03374"},{"key":"12_CR5","volume-title":"Quasi-experimentation: Design & Analysis Issues for Field Settings","author":"T Cook","year":"1979","unstructured":"Cook, T., Campbell, D.: Quasi-experimentation: Design & Analysis Issues for Field Settings. Houghton Mifflin, Boston (1979)"},{"key":"12_CR6","unstructured":"Erhabor, D., Udayashankar, S., Nagappan, M., Al-Kiswany, S.: Measuring the runtime performance of code produced with github copilot (2023). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2305.06439"},{"issue":"4","key":"12_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpdc.2012.01.006","volume":"72","author":"M Etinski","year":"2012","unstructured":"Etinski, M., Corbal\u00e1n, J., Labarta, J., Valero, M.: Understanding the future of energy-performance trade-off via DVFS in HPC environments. J. Parallel Distrib. Comput. 72(4), 579\u2013590 (2012)","journal-title":"J. Parallel Distrib. Comput."},{"key":"12_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khoury, R., Avila, A.R., Brunelle, J., Camara, B.M.: How secure is code generated by chatgpt? In: 2023 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), pp. 2445\u20132451. IEEE (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/SMC53992.2023.10394237"},{"key":"12_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y., et al.: Refining ChatGPT-generated code: characterizing and mitigating code quality issues. ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol. (2023)","DOI":"10.1145\/3643674"},{"issue":"2","key":"12_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.11144\/Javeriana.upsy10-2.cdcp","volume":"10","author":"G Macbeth","year":"2011","unstructured":"Macbeth, G., Razumiejczyk, E., Ledesma, R.D.: Cliff\u2019s delta calculator: a non-parametric effect size program for two groups of observations. Universitas Psychologica 10(2), 545\u2013555 (2011)","journal-title":"Universitas Psychologica"},{"key":"12_CR11","unstructured":"Meta: Code Llama GitHub Repository (2024). https:\/\/github.com\/meta-llama\/codellama\/tree\/main"},{"key":"12_CR12","unstructured":"Monsoon Solutions: Monsoon power monitor. https:\/\/www.msoon.com\/. Accessed 26 Sept 2021"},{"key":"12_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pearce, H., Ahmad, B., Tan, B., Dolan-Gavitt, B., Karri, R.: Asleep at the keyboard? assessing the security of github copilot\u2019s code contributions. In: 2022 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP), pp. 754\u2013768. IEEE (2022)","DOI":"10.1109\/SP46214.2022.9833571"},{"key":"12_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereira, R., et al.: Energy efficiency across programming languages: how do energy, time, and memory relate? In: Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Software Language Engineering, pp. 256\u2013267 (2017)","DOI":"10.1145\/3136014.3136031"},{"key":"12_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perry, N., Srivastava, M., Kumar, D., Boneh, D.: Do users write more insecure code with AI assistants? In: Proceedings of the 2023 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, pp. 2785\u20132799 (2023)","DOI":"10.1145\/3576915.3623157"},{"key":"12_CR16","unstructured":"Rasnayaka, S., Wang, G., Shariffdeen, R., Iyer, G.N.: An empirical study on usage and perceptions of LLMs in a software engineering project (2024). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2401.16186"},{"key":"12_CR17","unstructured":"Roziere, B., et\u00a0al.: Code llama: open foundation models for code (2023). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2401.16186"},{"key":"12_CR18","unstructured":"Software and Sustainability Group, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam: Experiment Runner: a Framework to automatically execute measurement-based experiments on any platform (2023). https:\/\/github.com\/S2-group\/experiment-runner"},{"key":"12_CR19","unstructured":"Touvron, H., et\u00a0al.: Llama: open and efficient foundation language models (2023). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2302.13971"},{"key":"12_CR20","unstructured":"Vartziotis, T., et al.: Learn to code sustainably: an empirical study on LLM-based green code generation (2024). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2403.03344"},{"key":"12_CR21","unstructured":"Yepis, E.: Hype or not? AI\u2019s benefits for developers explored in the 2023 developer survey (2023). https:\/\/stackoverflow.blog\/2023\/06\/14\/hype-or-not-developers-have-something-to-say-about-ai\/"},{"key":"12_CR22","unstructured":"Zhang, S., et\u00a0al.: Opt: open pre-trained transformer language models (2022). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2205.01068"}],"container-title":["Communications in Computer and Information Science","Quality of Information and Communications Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-70245-7_12","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T20:21:25Z","timestamp":1725999685000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-70245-7_12"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"ISBN":["9783031702440","9783031702457"],"references-count":22,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-70245-7_12","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-0929","1865-0937"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-0929","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-0937","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 September 2024","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"QUATIC","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Conference on the Quality of Information and Communications Technology","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Pisa","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Italy","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2024","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"11 September 2024","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"13 September 2024","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"17","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"quatic2024","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/2024.quatic.org\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}