{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T14:29:42Z","timestamp":1771079382210,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Cham","reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Nature Switzerland","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783031710322","type":"print"},{"value":"9783031710339","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-71033-9_19","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T00:02:17Z","timestamp":1725321737000},"page":"333-350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Balancing Participation and\u00a0Decentralization in\u00a0Proof-of-Stake Cryptocurrencies"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Aggelos","family":"Kiayias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elias","family":"Koutsoupias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Marmolejo-Coss\u00edo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Aikaterini-Panagiota","family":"Stouka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"19_CR1","unstructured":"Azouvi, S.: Levels of decentralization and trust in cryptocurrencies: consensus, governance and applications. Ph.D. thesis, UCL (2021)"},{"key":"19_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Br\u00fcnjes, L., Kiayias, A., Koutsoupias, E., Stouka, A.P.: Reward sharing schemes for stake pools. In: 2020 IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy (EuroS &p), pp. 256\u2013275. IEEE (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/EuroSP48549.2020.00024"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"19_CR3","first-page":"15","volume":"10","author":"J Csirik","year":"1991","unstructured":"Csirik, J., Frenk, J.B.G.: Heuristics for the 0\u20131 min-knapsack problem. Acta Cybern. 10(1\u20132), 15\u201320 (1991)","journal-title":"Acta Cybern."},{"key":"19_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gencer, A.E., Basu, S., Eyal, I., van Renesse, R., Sirer, E.G.: Decentralization in bitcoin and ethereum networks (2018)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-58387-6_24"},{"key":"19_CR5","unstructured":"Gersbach, H., Mamageishvili, A., Schneider, M.: Staking pools on blockchains. arXiv preprint arXiv:2203.05838 (2022)"},{"key":"19_CR6","unstructured":"Gogol, K., Velner, Y., Kraner, B., Tessone, C.: SoK: liquid staking tokens (LSTs). arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.00644 (2024)"},{"key":"19_CR7","unstructured":"Karakostas, D., Kiayias, A., Ovezik, C.: SoK: a stratified approach to blockchain decentralization (2022)"},{"issue":"3","key":"19_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icte.2021.08.008","volume":"7","author":"J Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee, J., Lee, B., Jung, J., Shim, H., Kim, H.: DQ: two approaches to measure the degree of decentralization of blockchain. ICT Express 7(3), 278\u2013282 (2021)","journal-title":"ICT Express"},{"key":"19_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leonardos, N., Leonardos, S., Piliouras, G.: Oceanic games: centralization risks and incentives in blockchain mining. In: MaRBLe (2019)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-37110-4_13"},{"key":"19_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ovezik, C., Kiayias, A.: Decentralization analysis of pooling behavior in Cardano proof of stake. In: Proceedings of the Third ACM International Conference on AI in Finance, pp. 18\u201326 (2022)","DOI":"10.1145\/3533271.3561787"},{"key":"19_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pareto, V.: Cours d\u2019\u00e9conomie politique, vol.\u00a01. Librairie Droz (1964)","DOI":"10.3917\/droz.paret.1964.01"},{"key":"19_CR12","unstructured":"Rugendyke, D.: Rocket pool: decentralized ethereum proof of stake network (2021). https:\/\/rocketpool.net\/files\/rocketpool-whitepaper.pdf. Accessed 20 May 2024"},{"key":"19_CR13","unstructured":"Shapovalov, V., Lomashuk, K., Fish, J., Harborne, W., Rasmussen, K.: Lido: a decentralized solution for liquid staking (2021). https:\/\/research.lido.fi\/t\/lido-whitepaper\/2. Accessed 20 May 2024"},{"key":"19_CR14","unstructured":"Srinivasan, B., Lee, L.: Quantifying decentralization (2017). https:\/\/news.earn.com\/quantifying-decentralization-e39db233c28eMedium"},{"key":"19_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stouka, A., Zacharias, T.: On the (de)centralization of fruitchains. In: 2023 IEEE 36th Computer Security Foundations Symposium (CSF) (CSF), Los Alamitos, CA, USA, pp. 299\u2013314. IEEE Computer Society (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CSF57540.2023.00020","DOI":"10.1109\/CSF57540.2023.00020"},{"key":"19_CR16","unstructured":"Tauhidul, I.M.: Approximation algorithms for minimum knapsack problem. Master\u2019s degree thesis, University of Lethbridge (2009)"},{"key":"19_CR17","unstructured":"Team, E.: Ether.fi: a decentralized, non-custodial liquid staking protocol (2023). https:\/\/etherfi.gitbook.io\/etherfi\/ether.fi-whitepaper. Accessed 20 May 2024"}],"container-title":["Lecture Notes in Computer Science","Algorithmic Game Theory"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-3-031-71033-9_19","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T00:05:05Z","timestamp":1725321905000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-031-71033-9_19"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"ISBN":["9783031710322","9783031710339"],"references-count":17,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-71033-9_19","relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-9743","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-3349","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 August 2024","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ChapterHistory","label":"Chapter History"}},{"value":"SAGT","order":1,"name":"conference_acronym","label":"Conference Acronym","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"International Symposium on Algorithmic Game Theory","order":2,"name":"conference_name","label":"Conference Name","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"Amsterdam","order":3,"name":"conference_city","label":"Conference City","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"The Netherlands","order":4,"name":"conference_country","label":"Conference Country","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"2024","order":5,"name":"conference_year","label":"Conference Year","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"3 September 2024","order":7,"name":"conference_start_date","label":"Conference Start Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"6 September 2024","order":8,"name":"conference_end_date","label":"Conference End Date","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"17","order":9,"name":"conference_number","label":"Conference Number","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"sagt2024","order":10,"name":"conference_id","label":"Conference ID","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}},{"value":"https:\/\/www.cwi.nl\/en\/groups\/networks-and-optimization\/events\/sagt-2024\/","order":11,"name":"conference_url","label":"Conference URL","group":{"name":"ConferenceInfo","label":"Conference Information"}}]}}